Anthonomus, Germar, 1817

Zabulev, Ilya A., 2021, Contribution to the knowledge of the immature stages of Palaearctic species of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Zootaxa 5032 (4), pp. 451-488 : 484-485

Key to known immature stages of the Palaearctic species of the genus Anthonomus

The larva and pupa of A. rectirostris and the pupae of A. pedicularius and A. pyri have not been studied by me and are included according to the works of Burke (1968) and Ahmad & Burke (1972). It should be borne in mind that according to the works of Marvaldi (1997; 1999), des 3 in the sense of Ahmad and Burke should be called des 4, while des 4, respectively, des 3, pds 5 on meso- and metathorax are alar setae (as). I did not include the larva of A. bisignifer described by Lee & Morimoto (1996) in the key (see discussion).

Larvae ( Figs. 1–11 , 18–28 , 37–47 , 51–61 , 67–77 , 84–94 )

1. Epicranium with four dorsal setae (des 4 absent) ( Figs. 56 , 72 ).................................................. 2

- Epicranium with five dorsal setae (des 4 present) ( Figs. 6 , 23 , 42 , 89 )............................................ 5

2. Endocarinal line is more than 2/3 as long as frons. Epipharynx with two als. Meso- and metathorax with short pds 1 and long pds 2. Pda 5 very short............................................................... A. (Furcipus) rectirostris

- Endocarinal line is about 2/3 as long as frons ( Figs. 56 , 72 ). Epipharynx with three als ( Figs. 59 , 75 ). Meso- and metathorax ( Figs. 53 , 69 ) with long pds 1 and short pds 2. Pda 5 minute..................................................... 3

3. On meso- (Th2) and metathorax (Th3) ( Fig. 69 ) pds 1 and pds 3 —long, pds 2 and pds 4 —short, as —long...... A. (s. str.) latior

- On meso- (Th2) and metathorax (Th3) ( Fig. 53 ) pds 1, pds 3, pds 4 —long, pds 2 —short, as —short....................... 4

4. Body length: 2.62–3.16 (mean 2.89). Pedal lobe with one long, two medium and two minute pda ( Fig. 53 ). Mala of maxilla on ventral side with four vms ( Fig. 61 )...................................................... A. (s. str.) conspersus

- Body length: 3.04–3.78 (mean 3.34). Pedal lobe with two long, two short and one minute pda. Mala of maxilla on ventral side with five vms ...................................................................... A. (s. str.) pedicularius

5. Pms 1 — long, about 2.5x as long as pms 3 ( Fig. 47 ). Abdominal segments ( Fig. 40 ) with long e ps 1, long ps, and medium lsts ( Fig. 18 )................................................................................................ 6

- Pms 1 — short or medium, as long as pms 3, or slightly longer than pms 3 ( Figs. 11 , 28 , 94 ). Abdominal segments with short e ps 1, short ps, and very short lsts ( Figs. 4 , 21 , 87 )................................................................ 7

6. Body length: 3.78–4.78 (mean 4.25). Host plants: Malus , Pyrus ................................. A. (s. str.) pomorum

- Body length: 2.87–4.11 (mean 3.49). Host plants: Padus , Padellus , Cerasus ....................... A. (s. str.) incurvus

7. Head dark brown ( Fig. 1 ). Four epipharyngeal sensilla combined in a single median cluster (esc) ( Fig. 8 ). Prothorax (Th1) ( Fig. 3 ) with ten prns; prns 1 medium. Pedal lobe ( Fig. 3 ) contains only two long pda (the rest of the pda short or minute).................................................................................... A. (Anthomorphus) pinivorax

- Head pale yellow or brownish yellow ( Figs. 18 , 85 ). Four epipharyngeal sensilla combined in two clusters with two pores in each ( Figs. 26 , 93 ). Prothorax (Th1) ( Figs. 20 , 87 ) with eleven prns; prns 1 short. Pedal lobe ( Figs. 20 , 87 ) contains either three or four long pda (the rest of the pda short or minute)......................................................... 8

8. Pedal lobe ( Fig. 20 ) with four very long pda. Eus 1 on thoracic segments (Th1–3) long ( Fig. 20 ). Mala of the maxilla on the dorsal side with six dms, on the ventral side with four vms ( Fig. 28 ).......... A. (Anthonomidius) rubripes Gyllenhal, 1835

- Pedal lobe ( Fig. 86 ) with three very long and one very short pda. Eus 1 on thoracic segments (Th1–3) short ( Fig. 86 ). Mala of the maxilla on the dorsal side with five or six dms, on the ventral side with five vms ( Fig. 94 )..................................................................................................... A. (s. str.) rubi (Herbst, 1795)

Figures

FIGURES 1–5. Anthonomus pinivorax, mature larva. 1—habitus of the body and frontal view of head, 2—thoracic spiracle, 3—lateral view of thoracic segments, 4—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 5—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal, prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal).

FIGURES 6–11. Anthonomus pinivorax, mature larva head and mouthparts. 6—head, frontal view, 7—antenna, 8—clypeus and labrum, 9—epipharynx, 10—left mandible, 11—maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect (apical part of the right maxilla is shown in dorsal aspect) (at—antenna, clss—clypeal sensilla, esc—epipharyngeal sensilla cluster, lr—labral rods, st—stemma; setae: als—anterolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal, ligs—ligular, lrs—labral, ls—lateral epicranial, mbs—basiventral malar, mds—mandibular, mes—median, mxps—maxillary palp, pes— postepicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postlabial, prms—prelabial, stps—stipal, vms—ventral malar).

FIGURES 18–22. Anthonomus rubripes, mature larva. 18—habitus of the body and frontal view of head, 19—thoracic spiracle, 20—lateral view of thoracic segments, 21—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 22—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns— pronotal, prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal).

FIGURES 23–28. Anthonomus rubripes, mature larva head and mouthparts. 23—head, frontal view, 24—antenna, 25—clypeus and labrum, 26—epipharynx, 27—left mandible, 28—maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect (apical part of the right maxilla is shown in dorsal aspect) (at—antenna, clss—clypeal sensilla, lr—labral rods, esc—epipharyngeal sensilla cluster, st—stemma; setae: als—anterolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal, ligs—ligular, lrs—labral, ls—lateral epicranial, mbs—basiventral malar, mds—mandibular, mes—median, mxps—maxillary palp, pes— postepicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postlabial, prms—prelabial, stps—stipal, vms—ventral malar).

FIGURES 37–41. Anthonomus incurvus, mature larva. 37—habitus of the body and frontal view of head, 38—thoracic spiracle, 39—lateral view of thoracic segments, 40—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 41—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns— pronotal, prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal).

FIGURES 42–47. Anthonomus incurvus, mature larva head and mouthparts. 42—head, frontal view, 43—antenna, 44—clypeus and labrum, 45—epipharynx, 46—left mandible, 47—maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect (apical part of the right maxilla is shown in dorsal aspect) (at—antenna, clss—clypeal sensilla, esc—epipharyngeal sensilla cluster, lr—labral rods, st—stemma; setae: als—anterolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal, ligs—ligular, lrs—labral, ls—lateral epicranial, mbs—basiventral malar, mds—mandibular, mes—median, mxps—maxillary palp, pes— postepicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postlabial, prms—prelabial, stps—stipal, vms—ventral malar).

FIGURES 51–55. Anthonomus conspersus, mature larva. 51—habitus of the body and frontal view of the head, 52—thoracic spiracle, 53—lateral view of thoracic segments, 54—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 55—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns—pronotal, prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal).

FIGURES 56–61. Anthonomus conspersus, mature larva head and mouthparts. 56—head, frontal view, 57—antenna, 58— clypeus and labrum, 59—epipharynx, 60—left mandible, 61—maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect (apical part of the right maxilla is shown in dorsal aspect) (at—antenna, clss—clypeal sensilla, lr—labral rods, st—stemma; setae: als—anterolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal, ligs—ligular, lrs—labral, ls—lateral epicranial, mbs—basiventral malar, mds—mandibular, mes—median, mxps—maxillary palp, pes—postepicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postlabial, prms—prelabial, stps—stipal, vms—ventral malar).

FIGURES 67–71. Anthonomus latior, mature larva. 67—habitus of the body and frontal view of head, 68—thoracic spiracle, 69—lateral view of thoracic segments, 70—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 71—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns— pronotal, prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal).

FIGURES 72–77. Anthonomus latior, mature larva head and mouthparts. 72—head, frontal view, 73—antenna, 74—clypeus and labrum, 75—epipharynx, 76—left mandible, 77—maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect (apical part of the right maxilla is shown in dorsal aspect) (at—antenna, clss—clypeal sensilla, lr—labral rods, st—stemma; setae: als—anterolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal, ligs—ligular, lrs—labral, ls—lateral epicranial, mbs—basiventral malar, mds—mandibular, mes—median, mxps—maxillary palp, pes—postepicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postlabial, prms—prelabial, stps—stipal, vms—ventral malar).

FIGURES 84–88. Anthonomus rubi, mature larva. 84—habitus of the body and frontal view of head, 85—thoracic spiracle, 86—lateral view of thoracic segments, 87—lateral view of abdominal segment I, 88—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds—postdorsal, prns— pronotal, prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, ss—spiracular, sts—sternal).

FIGURES 89–94. Anthonomus rubi, mature larva head and mouthparts. 89—head, frontal view, 90—antenna, 91—clypeus and labrum, 92—epipharynx, 93—left mandible, 94—maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect (apical part of the right maxilla is shown in dorsal aspect) (at—antenna, clss—clypeal sensilla, lr—labral rods, st—stemma; setae: als—anterolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, des—dorsal epicranial, dms—dorsal malar, fs—frontal, ligs—ligular, lrs—labral, ls—lateral epicranial, mbs—basiventral malar, mds—mandibular, mes—median, mxps—maxillary palp, pes—postepicranial, pfs—palpiferal, pms—postlabial, prms—prelabial, stps—stipal, vms—ventral malar).