Globba insectifera Ridl.

Sangvirotjanapat, Sunisa, Denduangboriphant, Jessada & Newman, Mark F., 2019, A taxonomic revision of Globba subsect. Nudae (Zingiberaceae), European Journal of Taxonomy 503, pp. 1-37 : 20-25

Globba insectifera Ridl.

Figs 2D , 9 A–D, 10

Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 49: 42 ( Ridley 1908).

Synonyms

G. kerrii Craib , Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1912: 398 ( Craib 1912). – Type: THAILAND • Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park ; 1200 m a.s.l.; 24 Jul. 1910; A.F.G. Kerr 1278 leg; E (lectotype, designated here), BM (isolectotype), E E00097477 (isolectotype), K (isolectotype, 2 sheets) .

G. nuda K.Larsen , Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 31: 235 ( Larsen 1972). – Type: THAILAND • Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park ; 850 m a.s.l.; 13 Apr. 1958; K. Larsen, B. Hansen and T.J. Sørensen 2678 leg.; AAU (holotype), C (isotype), BKF (isotype) .

Type material

Lectotype (designated by Turner 2000)

MYANMAR • Shan State, Shan Hills ; W. Micholitz 783 leg.; SING.

Other material examined

THAILAND – Chiang Mai • 15 May 1977; T. Santisuk 991 leg.; A, BKF, US • 20 km W of Chiang Mai; 5 Jun. 1963; R.M. Bird, R.A. Darrow and R.M. King 5465 leg.; AAU, GH, K, UC • Kanlayaniwatthana, Chaem Luang, slopes above Mae Chaem, Huai Ya Tai (Karen) village; 11 Jun. 1998; J.F. Maxwell 98– 644 leg.; A, BKF • Sankamphaeng, Doi Muang On (cave); 25 Jun. 1992; J.F. Maxwell 92–317 leg.; L • Doi Chiang Dao, watershed station; 6 Jun. 1973; R. Geesink, D. Phanichapol and T. Santisuk 5733 leg.; BKF, C • Chiang Dao, Lan Son; 4 May 2001; M. Norsaengsri, P. Suksathan and R. Pongsattayapipat 1478 leg.; QBG • Doi Chiang Dao, Animal Sanctuary, Ban Yang Toong Bong Forest Station area; 16 Jun. 1990; J.F. Maxwell 90–642 leg.; L • Doi Chiang Dao; 24 Apr. 1956; P. Suwannakoset 1177 leg.; BKF • Doi Inthanond, road between Chom Thong and Mae Chaem; 16 Jul. 1998; W.J. Kress, M.W. Bordelon and M. Collins 986189 leg.; US • Doi Saket, Huay Hong Khrai Royal Development Project; 27 May 1993; S. Suwannaratana 1 leg.; A, L • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park; 24 Jul. 1910; A.F.G. Kerr 1278 leg.; BM, E[2], K[2] • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park; 13 Apr. 1958; K. Larsen, B. Hansen and T.J. Sørensen 2678 leg.; AAU, BKF, C • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park; 18 Apr. 1958; K. Larsen, B. Hansen and T.J. Sørensen 2875 leg.; AAU, C • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, E side, trail to Pah Laht temple; 20 Apr. 1988; J.F. Maxwell 88–484 leg.; BKF • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park; 9 Apr. 1966; B. Sukkri 80 leg.; BKF • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, E side, Chiang Mai Uni. observatory; 31 Mar. 1989; J.F. Maxwell 89–401 leg.; BKF • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, east side, near Palat Temple; 3 Jul. 1993; A. Phuakam 34 leg.; L • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park; 26 Jun. 1958; K. Larsen, B. Hansen and T.J. Sørensen 3740 leg.; AAU, C • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park; 9 Jul. 1999; M.F. Newman 892 leg.; BKF, E • Mae Chaem, E side of Doi Chan Pah Dih; 25 May 1995; J.F. Maxwell 95–455 leg.; BKF, L • Mae Chaem, near Huay Bo Gah Long, Doi Chan Fah Dih, near Bo Gah Long village; 26 May 1995; J.F. Maxwell 95–475 leg.; BKF • Ob Luang National Park, along Mae Chaem river, ca 14 km W of Hot; 4 Aug. 1990; J.F. Maxwell 90–842 leg.; L • Mae On, Huai Kaeo, Doi Suthep-Pui NP; 26 Jul. 2013; M.F. Newman, S. Sangvirotjanapat, P. Suksathan, E. Záveská and M. Pospíšilová 2560 leg.; QBG • Mae Rim, 15 km N of Chiang Mai; 17 Jul. 1968; K. Larsen, T. Santisuk and E. Warncke 2590 leg.; AAU • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden; 7 Jun. 2016; Y. Seepacha and J. Ongkhakat YJ5 leg.; QBG • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Forest trail near cultivated section of garden; 31 Jul. 2000; K.J. Williams 00–289 leg.; E • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, above small stream in forest near back of cultivated side of garden; 2 Aug. 2000; K.J. Williams 00–297 leg.; E • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, in forest along road near summit, accommodation side of garden; 3 Aug. 2000; K.J. Williams 00–323 leg.; E • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Huay Mae Sa Noi; 23 Apr. 1997; anonymous 9025 leg.; QBG • Chai Prakan, Ban Pak Sam; 6 Jun. 2001; M. Norsaengsri and W. Boonchai 1547 leg.; QBG • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden; 14 May 2005; C. Glamwaewwong 1072 leg.; QBG • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Beside herbarium building; 4 Sep. 2005; C. Glamwaewwong 58 leg.; QBG • Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden; 16 Jun. 2015; S. Sangvirotjanapat 743 leg.; QBG • Wiang Haeng, Piang Luang, Ban Na Yao; 14 May 2001; M. Norsaengsri 1535 leg.; QBG. – Chiang Rai • Doi Luang National Park – Chiang Rai, Phu Kaeng falls; 27 Aug. 2015; M. Norsaengsri 12501 leg.; QBG • Doi Luang National Park-Chiang Rai, Wiang Papao Dist., summit ridge of Doi Mok; 25 May 1998; J.F. Maxwell 98–578 leg.; A, BKF • Wiang Pa Pao; 14 May 1933; H.B.G. Garrett 768 leg.; K, P. – Lampang • Chae Son National Park, along Mae Mon stream above Chae Son waterfall; 22 Jun. 1996; M. Panatkool 39 leg.; A, L • Doi Luang National Park-Lampang, SW side, Wang Kaeo waterfall; 20 Apr. 1997; J.F. Maxwell 97–351 leg.; A, L • Chae Son National Park, along Mae Mon stream at Chae Son waterfall; 23 Apr. 1996; M. Panatkool 8 leg.; L • Chae Son National Park, along Mae Mon stream, near falls; 23 Apr. 1996; J.F. Maxwell 96–570 leg.; A, BKF, L • Nam Mae Huat; 4 Jul. 1954; Amnat 14 leg.; BKF, C • Mae Kang; 30 Apr. 1925; Winit 1407 leg.; BK, BKF, K. – Lamphun • Doi Khun Taan National Park, near the accommodation centre; 3 Jun. 1993; J.F. Maxwell 93–540 leg.; L • Doi Khun Taan National Park; 15 Feb. 1933; Din Nakkan 168 leg.; BKF • Muang Lamphun, Sibuaban; 6 Jun. 2016; N. Sutjaritjai ZB202 leg.; QBG • Loei, Na Haeo; 27 Apr. 1995; anonymous 3237 leg.; QBG [as aff.]. – Mae Hong Son • Ban Mae La Noi, 25 km N of Mae Sariang; 9 Jul. 1968; K. Larsen, T. Santisuk and E. Warncke 2296 leg.; AAU, BKF, C, E, K, P • Khun Yuam, Ban Pa Fang; 15 Jun. 2012; K. Chanta 36 leg.; QBG • Khun Yuam, Ban Namon; 1 Aug. 2013; M.F. Newman, S. Sangvirotjanapat, P. Suksathan, E. Záveská and M. Pospíšilová 2585 leg.; QBG • Road to Mae Sariang; 6 Aug. 2000; K.J. Williams 00–351 leg.; E [as aff.] • Mae Sariang, 87 km N of Mae Sariang on the road to Mae Hong Son; 18 Jul. 1998; W.J. Kress, M.W. Bordelon and M. Collins 986233 leg.; US • Mae Sariang, 19–24 km E of Mae Sariang towards River Salween; 17 Jul. 1998; W.J. Kress, M.W. Bordelon and M. Collins 986211 leg.; US • Mae Sariang, 87 km N of Mae Sariang on the road to Mae Hong Son; 18 Jul. 1998; W.J. Kress, M.W. Bordelon and M. Collins 98–6233 leg.; US • Mueang Mae Hong Son, Na Pla Chad, Tham Pla-Namtok Pha Suea N.P.; 20 Aug. 2013; M. Norsaengsri 10489 leg.; QBG • Pai; 29 Jun. 1995; W. Nanakorn 3926 leg.; QBG • Sob Moei, Ban Um Da Tai; 10 Jul. 2013; W. Pongamornkul 3461 leg.; QBG • Nan, Doi Phu Kha, Baan Huay Pud; 5 Jul. 1999; P. Srisanga, S. Watthana and W. La-ongsri 892 leg.; E, QBG • Tham Pha Tup Forest Park; 13 Sep. 1995; anonymous 4235 leg.; QBG. – Phayao • Chiang Kham, Doi Huai Sa, Rom Yen subdistrict; 18 Jun. 2013; W. Laongsri, M. Norsaengsri, P. Panyachan, P. Tatiya and S. Satatha 2913 leg.; QBG • Doi Luang National Park-Phayao, Sra Pa Ko, trail to summit of Doi Luang; 6 May 2015; M. Norsaengsri 12264 leg.; QBG • Doi Luang National Park-Phayao, Pha Kled Nak WF; 8 May 2015; M. Norsaengsri 12433 leg.; QBG • Doi Luang National Park-Phayao; 31 May 2016; N. Muangyen 1004 leg.; QBG.

Description

Herb 25–120 cm tall, leafy shoot leaning, with inflorescence turned upright. Leaf sheaths ca 3, bladeless; ligule 2–4 mm long, truncate or shallowly bilobed, sparsely pubescent, light green; blade 5–11, 5.5– 18 × 0.6–3.5 cm, sessile, oblong to elliptic, base obliquely cuneate, apex acuminate, puberulous below, strigose above. Inflorescences, 5.5–15 × 4–12 cm, produced on separate, leafless shoots in April to early May, then on leafy shoots in July and August, lax, conical, sometimes secund; peduncle ca 3 cm long; rachis light green, pubescent; bracts and bracteoles 0.5–2 mm long, caducous, deltoid to lanceolate, glabrous to pubescent, apex acute, light green; cincinni 4–12, 1.5–5.5 cm long; pedicel ca 1 mm long. Flowers 3.4–3.8 cm long, lemon or bright yellow; ovary c. 3 mm long (⚥), ellipsoid; calyx 4 mm long, infundibuliform, lobed acute, yellow-green; floral tube ca 10 mm long, dorsal and lateral corolla lobes 6–7 mm long, hooded, elliptic, yellow; lateral staminodes 18–20 × 9–11 mm, obovate, usually very large, apex acute to obtuse, bright yellow; labellum 12–14 × 4–5 mm, triangular, bilobed, spot absent, base truncate, apex round, nectar tube ca 8 mm long, yellow-orange; filament 26–28 mm long; anther ca 2 mm long, connective tissue, crest and appendages bright yellow-orange, semi-translucent, crest c. 1 mm long (shorter in Ƌ), truncate; ⚥ appendages ca 3 mm long, acuminate, bifid, upper pair bigger, decurrent to connective tissue and crest, lower pair smaller; Ƌ appendages ca 4 mm long, acuminate, bifid to halfway, upper pair only slightly bigger than lower. Fruit to 2.5 × 1 cm, ellipsoid, longitudinally ridged, green. Bulbils occasional, subtended by sterile bracts below lowest cincinnus, spindle-shaped, tissue corky.

Distribution and habitat

Myanmar and Thailand, 240–1500 m a.s.l. Common in dipterocarp or grass forest in open areas. The plants grow over large areas but not covering the ground densely.

Conservation status

Least Concern. Globba insectifera is fairly widespread in Thailand and Myanmar with an extent of occurrence of 77 0 52 km 2. Threats to the species are mostly localized and are not of major concern. In addition, many populations grow in national parks so the species is assessed as Least Concern.

Notes

The growth pattern of G. insectifera from the dry to the rainy season was monitored at Doi Suthep-Pui, Chiang Mai province, Thailand, and the results showed that this species produces inflorescences twice a year. The first inflorescences appear in the middle of summer (April to early May) with only very small leaflets at the base. Later, inflorescences are produced terminally on the leafy shoots during the rainy season following the normal pattern of this genus. This information is useful for taxonomic treatment of this species.

Specimens collected in the dry season have been described twice as G. insectifera and G. nuda . Ridley’s specimen grew spontaneously from plants collected in the Shan state, Myanmar, labelled as “ Paphiopedilum bellatulum ” and cultivated in Singapore Botanic Gardens. Ridley mentioned that this species had an inflorescence shoot and that its flower looked like a butterfly because of its large lateral staminodes. This species was lectotypified by Turner (2000) on a colour illustration deposited at Singapore Botanic Garden which we have seen. The other name, G. nuda , was described from Doi Suthep-Pui, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Larsen diagnosed this species by its inflorescence shoot which had no leaves, giving it the specific epithet ‘ nuda ’, meaning without leaves. Larsen did not mention G. insectifera . We have seen the holotype of G. nuda at AAU and other specimens from Thailand. Furthermore, we have visited Doi Suthep-Pui which is the type locality of G. nuda .

As for specimens growing in the rainy season, Craib (1912) described G. kerrii from Doi Suthep-Pui which he diagnosed by its wide lateral staminodes. One of the isotype sheets at E (E00097476 and E00097477), which we have seen, has an inflorescence shoot remaining at the base of the plant. This was not mentioned in the protologue but it gives strong support for the placement of G. kerrii and G. nuda in synonymy under G. insectifera ( Fig. 9 A–D).

Figures

Fig. 2. Globba subsect. Nudae K.Larsen. A. G. aranyaniae Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. (S. Sangvirotjanapat 785 leg.). B. G. expansa Wall. ex Horan. (M.F. Newman 2561 leg.). C. G. flagellaris K.Larsen (M.F. Newman and JLS 2048 leg.). D. G. insectifera Ridl. (S. Sangvirotjanapat s.n. leg.). E. G. lithophila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. (M.F. Newman 2576 leg.). F. G. macrochila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. (S. Sangvirotjanapat 795 leg.). Photographs: S. Sangvirotjanapat.

Fig. 9. A–C. G. insectifera Ridl. A. Isotype of G. kerrii Craib (E00097476). B. Inflorescence in dry season. C. Inflorescence in rainy season (S. Sangvirotjanapat 743 leg.). D–E. G. lancangensis Y.Y.Qian. D. Flowers (P. Suksathan s.n. leg.). E. Specimens from China, S.S. Zhou 2993 leg. (QBG). Photographs: A–C, E, S. Sangvirotjanapat; D, P. Suksathan.