Globba expansa Wall. ex Horan., 1862

Sangvirotjanapat, Sunisa, Denduangboriphant, Jessada & Newman, Mark F., 2019, A taxonomic revision of Globba subsect. Nudae (Zingiberaceae), European Journal of Taxonomy 503, pp. 1-37 : 16-19

Globba expansa Wall. ex Horan.

Figs 2B , 7 A–G, 8

Prodromus Monographiae Scitaminearum Additis Nonnullis de Phytographia, de Monocotyleis et Orchideis : 19 ( Horaninow 1862).

Synonyms

G. yeatsiana Craib , Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1912: 400 ( Craib 1912). – Type: THAILAND • Northern, Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park ; 960 m a.s.l.; 12 Jun. 1910; A.F.G. Kerr 1214 leg.; K (lectotype, designated here), E E00097516 (isolectotype) .

G. platystachya sensu Gagnepain, Flore Générale de l'Indo-Chine 6 (1): 33 ( Gagnepain 1908), non Baker, The Flora of British India 6 (17): 206 ( Baker 1890).

Type material

Lectotype (designated here)

MYANMAR • Mon State , Attaran, banks of Attaran River; 5 Sep. 1826; N. Wallich 6536C leg.; K-W.

Other material examined

MYANMAR • Ava, Irrawaddy River ; 5 Sep. 1826; N. Wallich 6536A leg.; K, K-W .

LAOS – Xaignabouly • Paklay, Bane Na Khagnang, Nam Gnam ; 2 Sep. 1999; J.F. Maxwell 99–295 leg.; A • Bane Muangham ; 7 Sep. 2015; C. Maknoi, W. Pongamornkul and P. Yadee L4256 leg.; QBG .

THAILAND – Chiang Mai • Bo Luang, along a stream near Bo Luang ; 12 Jun. 1973; R. Geesink, D. Phanichapol and T. Santisuk 5886 leg.; AAU, C, E, K, P • Doi Chiang Dao ; 20 Jul. 1998; W.J. Kress, M.W. Bordelon and M. Collins 986256 leg.; US • Chiang Dao ; 10 Jun. 2016; N. Sutjaritjai ZB204 leg.; QBG • Doi Saket, Ban Thep Sadet ; 29 Sep. 2001; P. Suksathan 3134 leg.; QBG • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park ; 12 Jun. 1910; A.F.G. Kerr 1214 leg.; E, K • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park ; 3 Jul. 1958; K. Larsen, B. Hansen and T.J. Sørensen 3864 leg.; C • W. Micholitz; K • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park ; 21 Jun. 1958; K. Larsen, B. Hansen and T.J. Sørensen 3654 leg.; C • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park ; 25 Jul. 1958; K. Larsen, B. Hansen and T.J. Sørensen 4396 leg.; C • Fang , 10 km W of Fang; 24 Jul. 1968; K. Larsen, T. Santisuk and E. Warncke 2650 leg.; AAU, C, E, K, P • Between Mae Klang and Sop Aep ; 1 Oct. 1971; G. Murata, K. Iwatsuki, C. Phengklai and C. Charamphol T 15516 leg.; AAU • Ang-ka-noi; 26 Jun. 1978; C. Phengklai, M. Tamura, C. Niyomdham and B. Sangkhachand 4121 leg.; A, C • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, N side, Mae Sa botanical garden; 20 Jul. 1989; J.F. Maxwell 89–912 leg.; A, L • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, S side, Mae Hia Nai village ; 8 Aug. 1990; J.F. Maxwell 90–847 leg.; A, L • Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, N side, Mae Sa Botanical Garden, along Huay Mae Sa Noi ; 3 Jul. 1992; J.F. Maxwell 92–358 leg.; E, GH, L, P • Doi Inthanond ; 15 Sep. 1995; K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, C. Tange and D. Sookchaloem 46485 leg.; AAU, L • Doi Inthanond, Wachirathan waterfall, Chom Tong district ; 19 Sep. 2008; D.J. Middleton, P. Karaket, P. Triboun, U. Kawatkul and R. Meeboonya 4513 leg.; E, QBG [2] • Mae Chaem, near Huay Bo Ka Long, Doi Chan Pa Di , near Bo Ka Long (Karen) village ; 26 May 1995; J.F. Maxwell 95–473 leg.; A • Mae Rim , Ban Mae Sa Mai; 11 Aug. 1998; W. Nanakorn 11719 leg.; QBG • Mae Rim , Ban Mae Sa Mai; 28 Jun. 2008; J.F. Maxwell 0 8134 leg.; QBG • Mae Rim, Pong Yaeng, Road to Nong Hoi Royal Project ; 26 Jul. 2013; M.F. Newman, S. Sangvirotjanapat, P. Suksathan, E. Záveská and M. Pospíšilová 2561 leg.; QBG • Mae Rim, Pong Yaeng , Ban Maesa Mai; 27 Jul. 2013; M.F. Newman, S. Sangvirotjanapat, P. Suksathan, E. Záveská and M. Pospíšilová 2562 leg.; QBG • Chiang Rai, Wiang Pa Pao, Mae Chedi , Mae Lao ; 1 May 1933; H.B.G. Garrett 749 leg.; K • San Klang, Amphoe Phan, ca 3 km W of Thung Ma Fang village, along stream flowing into Huay Mae Bon reservoir; 18 Jun. 1997; J.F. Maxwell 97–664 leg.; A, L. – Kanchanaburi • Ban Wang Kalang, Neeckey ; 9 May 1946; G.d. Hoed 246a leg.; K, P • Thong Pha Phum, Hin Dat ; 1 Jul. 1926; Put 64 leg.; K • Thung Yai Naresuan, along Ro Kee stream; 17 Jun. 1993; J.F. Maxwell 93–644 leg.; A, L. – Lampang • Chae Son National Park , park HQ area; 23 Sep. 1995; J.F. Maxwell 95–734 leg.; BKF, L • Chae Son National Park, Mae Sook subdistrict, Mae Awe station ; 30 May 1996; J.F. Maxwell 96–753 leg.; A, L • Doi Khun Taan National Park ; 17 May 1933; H.M. Smith 545 leg.; US • Doi Khun Taan National Park, W side of mountain, near Yaw 3; 5 Jun. 1993; J.F. Maxwell 93–573 leg.; A, L. Loei • Na Haeo ; 27 Apr. 1995; W. Nanakorn 3237 leg.; QBG. – Mae Hong Son • Khun Yuam ; 15 Aug. 1998; C. Trisonthi KY487 leg.; QBG • Khun Yuam, Mae Yum Luang waterfall; 7 Aug. 2000; K.J. Williams 00–353 leg.; E • Salawin National Park, Mae Sariang District ; 2 Aug. 2013; M.F. Newman, S. Sangvirotjanapat, P. Suksathan, E. Záveská and M. Pospíšilová 2589 leg.; QBG • San Pan Daen Wildlife Sanctuary, Pang Mapha District ; 5 Aug. 1999; J.F. Maxwell 99–83 leg.; A • Mae Sariang, Mae Top Karen village ; 2 Aug. 2013; M.F. Newman, S. Sangvirotjanapat, P. Suksathan, E. Záveská and M. Pospíšilová 2592 leg.; QBG • Mae Sariang, Ban Kat, Doi Khun Mae Tob ; 20 Jul. 2015; P. Phaosrichai 238 leg.; QBG • Sob Moei ; 11 Jun. 2016; N. Sutjaritjai ZB206 leg.; QBG. – Nan • Tham Pha Tup Forest Park; 25 Jul. 1992; K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, C. Niyomdham, P. Sirirugsa, D.D. Tirvengadum and C.T. Nørgaard 43582 leg.; AAU • Tham Pha Tup Forest Park; 13 Sep. 1995; K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, C. Tange and D. Sookchaloem 46430 leg.; AAU • Tham Pha Tup Forest Park, trail to Tham Phra ; 16 Aug. 2012; D.J. Middleton, P. Karaket, S. Suddee and P. Triboun 5614 leg.; E. – Phayao • Pong, Doi Pha Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, E side of Doi Pha Lom , Khun Khuan subdistrict; 1 Aug. 1998; J.F. Maxwell 98–761 leg.; A. – Phetchabun • Nam Nao National Park, Tham Yai ; 2 Sep. 2014; C. Maknoi 7097 leg.; QBG. – Phetchaburi • Phetchaburi River ; J.B.L. Pierre 48 leg.; P. – Phitsanulok • Phu Soi Dao, Chat Trakan District ; 14 Aug. 2000; P. Suksathan 2675 leg.; QBG. Phrae • Song ; 10 Jun. 2006; J.F. Maxwell 0 6371 leg.; QBG. – Sukhothai • Si Satchanalai, Phakha ; 12 Jun. 2012; S. Klongngern 22 leg.; QBG • Si Satchanalai National Park, Route to Tham Tharawasan ; 21 Jul. 2015; C. Maknoi 7985 leg.; QBG • Si Satchanalai National Park, Tham Khangkhao ; 22 Jul. 2015; C. Maknoi 8070 leg.; QBG • Si Satchanalai National Park, Route to Tham Khangkhao ; 26 Aug. 2015; C. Maknoi 8192 leg.; QBG. – Tak • Mae Sot, Phawo, Mu Kee Haw (Karen) village ; 18 Aug. 1994; J.F. Maxwell 94–886 leg.; A • Mae Sot ; 14 Jul. 1999; M.F. Newman 909 leg.; E. Uttaradit • Laplae, Mae Phun ; 28 Jun. 2012; M. Norsaengsri and N. Tathana 9648 leg.; QBG • Nam Pat, Phu Soi Dao, Path by waterfall towards pine forest; 7 Aug. 2013; M.F. Newman, S. Sangvirotjanapat, P. Suksathan, E. Záveská and M. Pospíšilová 2624 leg.; QBG .

Description

Herb (25–) 45–150 cm tall, clump-forming, leaning with inflorescence turning upright. Leaf sheaths ca 3, bladeless; ligule 1–6 mm long, truncate to bilobed, glabrous to pubescent, light green with white margin; blades 6–9, 10–29 × 1.7–9 cm, elliptic, usually glaucous, sometimes with grey patch along midrib above, base cuneate or obliquely rounded, apex acuminate to caudate, adpressed pubescent below, otherwise glabrous. Inflorescence 10–27 × 6.5–17 cm, lax, conical; peduncle to 3 cm long; rachis green, glabrous; bracts and bracteoles to 10 mm long, caducous, elliptic, glabrous to minutely pubescent, green; cincinni 1–12 cm, elongate, flowers lax on cincinnus; pedicel 1–2 mm. Flowers 3.4–3.6 cm long; ovary ca 4 mm long (⚥), ellipsoid, ridged, glabrous, green; calyx ca 4 mm long, infundibuliform, green, lobes acuminate, margins sparsely pubescent; floral tube 9–14 mm long, minutely pubescent, yellowish orange, dorsal and lateral corolla lobes 6–7.5 × 3–4 mm, hooded, the dorsal one slightly larger, orangegreen; lateral staminodes 11–13 × 3–5 mm, oblong to narrowly obovate, yellowish orange, apex round; labellum 11–12 × 4–5 mm, triangular, bilobed, yellowish orange, spot absent, base truncate, apex round, nectar tube 3–5 mm long; filament 26–28 mm, minutely pubescent, orange; anther 1–2 mm long, connective tissue, crest and appendages orange, semi-translucent, crest ca 1 mm long, truncate (shorter in Ƌ); ⚥ appendages ca 3 mm long, acuminate, bifid, upper pair bigger, decurrent to connective tissue and crest, lower pair smaller; Ƌ appendages ca 3 mm long, acuminate, bifid to halfway, upper pair only slightly bigger than lower. Fruit to 2.7 × 1 cm, ellipsoid, longitudinally ridged, green. Bulbils occasional, subtended by sterile bracts below lowest cincinnus, spindle-shaped, tissue corky.

Distribution and habitat

Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, 174–1350 m a.s.l., growing in mixed evergreen forest along the trail under semi shade. Usually found as dense clump.

Conservation status

Least Concern. The species occurs in a number of protected areas across its range. The species is grown in ex situ collections at two botanic Gardens ( BGCI 2018).

Notes

Globba expansa is the most common species in this subsection, growing widely in northern Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos. Usually found in evergreen forest or deciduous forest, it is easily noticed by its large inflorescence with bright orange flowers on elongate cincinni. As its distribution is wide, this species has been described twice from Myanmar and Thailand. Type specimens and living specimens at the type locality of G. yeatsiana were compared. In the case of G. expansa from Myanmar, Wallich’s specimens no. 6536 are in good condition, especially no. 6536C which has a male flower attached to the sheet. As for G. yeatsiana from Thailand, type specimens were studied alongside living plants found predominantly at 800–1000 m a.s.l. in evergreen forest of Doi Suthep-Pui. Both specimens shared the same morphological characteristics, such as oblong to narrowly obovate lateral staminodes, labellum shape, anther appendage shape, and floral part ratio. As a result, G. yeatsiana is placed in synonymy under the earlier name, G. expansa .

Figures

Fig. 2. Globba subsect. Nudae K.Larsen. A. G. aranyaniae Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. (S. Sangvirotjanapat 785 leg.). B. G. expansa Wall. ex Horan. (M.F. Newman 2561 leg.). C. G. flagellaris K.Larsen (M.F. Newman and JLS 2048 leg.). D. G. insectifera Ridl. (S. Sangvirotjanapat s.n. leg.). E. G. lithophila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. (M.F. Newman 2576 leg.). F. G. macrochila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman sp. nov. (S. Sangvirotjanapat 795 leg.). Photographs: S. Sangvirotjanapat.

Fig. 7. A–G. G. expansa Wall. ex Horan. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. ç (above) and Ƌ (below) appendages. D. ç flower. E. Ƌ flower. F. Ligule. G. Mature fruit with seed (M.F. Newman 2561 leg.). H–K. G. flagellaris K.Larsen. H. Habit. I. ç flower. J. Fruit. K. Bulbils (M.F. Newman 2581 leg.). Photographs: S. Sangvirotjanapat.