Cinara (Cinara) palaestinensis palaestinensis

Binazzi, Francesco, Pennacchio, Fabrizio, Peverieri, Giuseppino Sabbatini & Roversi, Pio Federico, 2016, The sexuales of Cinara palaestinensis Hille Ris Lambers, the Aleppo pine aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae Lachninae), Zootaxa 4137 (3), pp. 417-424 : 418-421

Cinara (Cinara) palaestinensis palaestinensis

Material examined. Italy, Tuscany, Florence, Bagno a Ripoli, loc. Terra Bianca, m 300 asl (43°45’ N, 11°21’E), Pinus halepensis , 5 oviparous females, 3 males, 06.xii.2015, 10.xii.2015, 12.xii.2015, leg. F. Binazzi (A.B. coll., C10/928, 929, 930); Italy, Umbria, Perugia, Vallo di Nera, loc. Geppa, m 500 asl (42°45’ N, 12°50’ E), P. halepensis , 2 oviparous females, 1 male, 13.xii.2015, leg. F. Binazzi (A.B. coll., C10/931, 932).

Oviparous female (from seven specimens; Figs 1–2 , Tab.1 ).

Small- to medium-sized body, 2.27–2.86 mm long, bronzy in colour when alive, with four rows of roundish intersegmental sclerites on dorsal abdomen. Siphuncular cones dark brown and small, with apical flange, their basal diameter 0.117–0.147 mm long. Head, pro- and mesothorax sclerotized. Mesosternal tubercle not prominent with 0–1 hairs. Metathorax and first abdominal tergite with two spinal sclerotized patches. Abdominal tergites 2nd to 7th without sclerotizations and the same absence in tergite 8th which at most has basal sclerites of the setae. Cauda dark brown only on the external rim. Genital plate large and light colored. Antennae whitish with only segments I and II brown, while the distal end of III and IV, the distal third of V and the whole VI are pale brown. Rostrum reaches the fourth abdominal segment and has brown-blackish apical segments. Legs dark brown, slightly paler on proximal half of femora and basal third or half of tibiae except for a blackish part close to the tibial joints. The hind tibiae are not thickened and lack scent glands. Tarsi brown, with the same colour as the distal parts of tibiae.

Antennal hairs rather hyaline, those on segment III up to 0.054 mm long, the longest 1.2–1.3 times the diameter of the segment at the insertion point. Abdominal tergites 1st to 6th with scarce, translucent short hairs, up to 0.050 mm long while those on tergite 7th reach 0.072 mm of length; tergite 8th with 8–10 setae; genital plate with 60–80 short hairs; fourth rostral segment with 6–8 accessory hairs; siphuncular cones with 0.048–0.060 mm long hairs; hind tibiae with pale brown hairs, 0.070–0.090 mm long, the longest on it 1.0–1.2 times as long as the diameter at the insertion point of the same hair on the tibia.

The oviparous females show the same pigmentation of body and appendages as the aptera vivipara. However, the ovipara has shorter hind tibiae and smaller siphuncular cones than the apterous vivipara. Also the antennae are shorter, especially antennal segments, III and V. Another difference is the shorter first and second hind tarsal segments. The lengths of the body hairs are about the same, except that those on the antennae are a little shorter. As in many other aphids, the hairs of the genital plate are much more numerous in the ovipara than in the vivipara (data for comparison were obtained from 5 apterous viviparous females collected in the same localities and on the same dates as the oviparae) ( Tab.2 ).

Apterous male (from four specimens; Fig.3 , Tab.1 ).

Small, narrow body, 1.68–2.27 mm long, bronzy in color when alive, with four rows of roundish intersegmental muscle-attached plates on dorsal abdomen. Siphuncular cones brown and small, with apical flange and one circular row of hairs, their basal diameter 0.072–0.120 mm long. Head, pro- and mesothorax sclerotized. Mesosternal tubercle prominent with 1–4 hairs. Metathorax and first abdominal tergite with two spinal sclerotized patches. Abdominal tergites 2nd to 7th without sclerotizations. Tergite 8th with a narrow interrupted pale brown crossband with 8–10 hairs. Cauda dark brown with few hairs up to 0.090 mm long. Phallus blackish with dark brown sclerotized valvae covered with short dark setae and with dark brown lobed paramers bearing numerous longer setae up to 0.080 mm long. Genital plate bilobed and pale brown with about 30 hairs on each side, up to 0.080 mm long. Antennae rather well pigmented with segments I and II dark brown and with distal end of III, the distal half of IV and the whole V and VI brown. Rostrum reaches the fourth abdominal segment and has dark brown apical segments. Legs dark brown with slightly paler proximal half of femora and basal third or half of tibiae except for a blackish part close to the tibial joints. Tarsi brown, with the same pigmentation as the distal part of tibiae.

Antennal hairs hyaline, those on segment III up to 0.0 72 mm long, the longest 1.5 times the diameter of the segment at the insertion point. Abdominal tergites 1st to 7th with scarce, translucent short hairs, 6–8 in one row on each segment, up to 0.075 mm long; tergite 8th with 8–10 setae; fourth rostral segment with 6 accessory hairs; siphuncular cones with hairs 0.042–0.060 mm long; hind tibiae with rather hyaline hairs, 0.070–0.090 mm long, the longest on it, 1.5–1.7 times as long as the diameter at the insertion point of the same hair on the tibia.

Ecological notes. The first and northernmost P. halepensis stand is located in hilly areas of Tuscany ranging from 300 to 400 m asl. This site is characterized by calcareous soil where pines were planted in the first half of the 20th century. In these conditions, the Aleppo pine populations, associated with some nuclei of Italian stone pine ( P. pinea ) and maritime pine ( P. pinaster ), have become naturalized.

The second stand is located on steep slopes in Nerina Valley (Umbria) . This area, ranging from 500 to 700 m asl, is characterized by a similar calcareous soil but with frequent marly or siliceous interbeds ( Catorci & Cesaretti 2016). In this site P. halepensis is assumed to be native or introduced in ancient times ( Fenaroli & Gambi 1976).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cinara palaestinensis s. str. — oviparous female: dorsal view.

FIGURE 2. Cinara palaestinensis s. str. — oviparous female: (a) ventral posterior abdomen, (b) antenna.

FIGURE 3. Cinara palaestinensis s. str. — apterous male: (a) ventral view, (b) antenna.

Tables

TABLE 1. Measurements of oviparous females and males of C. palaestinensis palaestinensis (mm).

Cinara palaestinensis s.str.	Oviparous females	Apterous males
N° of specimens	7	4
Body length	2.27–2.86	1.68–2.27
Hind tibia length	1.38–1.60	1.09–1.28
Diameter of siphuncular cones	.117–.147	.072–.120
Length of antennal segment III	.396–.426	.306–.408
Length of antennal segment IV	.180–.234	.168–.222
Length of antennal segment V	.186–.232	.198–.234
Length of antennal segment VI	.132–.168	.132–.156
Length of antennal segment VI p.t.	.030–.036	.030–.035
Ratio antennal segment V to VI	1.38–1.41	1.48–1.50
Length of rostral segment IV	.132–.150	.120–.138
Length of rostral segment V	.072–.084	.070–.075
Ratio rostral segment IV to V	1.78–1.83	1.71–1.84
First segment hind tarsus:
basal length	.036–.042	.030–.036
dorsal length	.048–.050	.036–.042
ventral length	.072–.096	.081–.090
Ratio dorsal length to basal length	1.19–1.33	1.17–1.20
Length of the 2° segment of hind tarsus	.216–.234	.186–.210
Length of the longest hair on:
abdominal tergite 5°	.033–.048	.036–.075
abdominal tergite 7°	.045–.072	.054–.078
antennal segment III	.048–.054	.054–.072
hind tibia	.072–.090	.070–.090
siphuncular cone	.048–.060	.042–.066
N° of hairs on the abdominal tergite 8°	8–10	8–10
N° of hairs on the genital plate	60–80	c. 60