Aedes

Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad & Harbach, Ralf E., 2009, Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae), Zootaxa 2078, pp. 1-33 : 13-14

Key to subgenera, species, and subspecies of genera Aedes and Ochlerotatus : adults

(key characters are illustrated in Figs 1–4 )

1. Preapical white bands present on all femora; tibiae with median white bands; scutum with 1–3 pairs of white spots [scutellum with very broad silvery-white scales; clypeus with scales; proboscis about as long as forefemur; cerci long; lower mesepimeral setae present; hindtarsomere 5 entirely pale; lower proepisternal scales absent; hypostigmal area bare; acrostichal setae present; erect head scales on vertex and occiput] ( Aedes subgenus Fredwardsius ) ................................................................................................................................................................ Ae. vittatus

- Femora without preapical white bands; tibiae without median white bands, may have a white stripe or speckles; scutum without white spots, but may have white lines or scales .............................................................................. 2

2(1). Scutum with 1 or more longitudinal white stripes on dark brown or black background; scutellum with broad silvery-white scales; cerci very short, hardly visible from above; proboscis about as long as forefemur; erect scales of head restricted to occiput [lower mesepimeral setae absent; hindtarsomere 5 entirely pale; lower proepisternal scales present; hypostigmal area bare; acrostichal setae absent] ( Aedes subgenus Stegomyia ) .............................. 3

- Scutum without such white markings but may have scattered pale scales or white stripe on paler background, not dark brown or black; scutellum without broad silvery-white scales; cerci longer, visible from above; proboscis longer than forefemur; erect head scales on vertex and occiput .............................................................................. 4

3(2). Scutum with a pair of submedian longitudinal white stripes, but without median (acrostichal) longitudinal white stripe, lateral white stripes broad, continuing over transverse suture to posterior of scutum, with lyre-shaped markings; clypeus with white scale-patches; mesepimeron with 2 well-separated white scale-patches; anterior surface of midfemur with longitudinal white stripe from base to near apex ..................................... Ae. aegypti * (Note 24)

- Scutum with a narrow median longitudinal white stripe extending from anterior margin to prescutellar area where it forks to end at anterior margin of scutellum, lateral stripe narrow and short, not reaching middle of scutum and not continued over transverse suture, never lyre-shaped markings; clypeus without white scale-patches; mesepimeron with white scale-patches not separated, forming V-shaped white patch; anterior portion of midfemur without longitudinal white stripe .................................................................................................................. Ae. albopictus *

4(2). Hindtarsomeres with narrow basal pale rings less than 0.25 length of tarsomere; abdominal terga with basal pale bands indented medially, with slightly bilobed appearance [foretarsomeres 4 and 5 entirely dark; wing and proboscis predominantly dark-scaled; lower mesepimeral setae absent; lower proepisternal scales present; hypostigmal area bare; acrostichal setae present] ( Aedes subgenus Aedimorphus ) .............................. Ae. vexans (Note 25)

- Hindtarsomeres with basal pale rings more than 0.25 length of tarsomere or with both basal and apical pale rings, or without rings; abdominal terga without medially indented basal pale bands, with or without bands or pattern of pale and dark scales (genus Ochlerotatus )................................................................................................................ 5

5(4). Abdomen with prominent silvery-white lateral patches; cerci short, slightly protruding, blunt; sternum VIII not retracted into preceding segment; pedicel of antenna without scales; hindungues simple; without lower mesepimeral setae [tarsi without pale rings; lower proepisternal scales absent; hypostigmal area bare; acrostichal setae present] ( Ochlerotatus subgenus Finlaya ) ............................................................................................................... 6

- Abdomen with lateral patches of yellowish or white scales; cerci longer, clearly protruding, tapering; sternum VIII retracted into preceding segment; pedicel of antenna with scales; hindungues toothed; lower mesepimeral setae present (except Oc. flavescens , but abdominal terga entirely pale) ( Ochlerotatus subgenus Ochlerotatus ) ... 7

6(5). Metameron with patch of scales; at least some abdominal terga with complete basal pale bands; scales of scutellum broad and white................................................................................................................................ Oc. echinus

- Metameron bare; abdominal terga with basolateral pale patches only; scutellum with at least a few narrow ochreous scales usually more numerous on lateral lobes........................................................... Oc. geniculatus (Note 26)

7(5). Tarsi without pale rings, some white scaling not forming rings may be present [pale scales scattered on most wing veins; anterior surface of fore- and midtibiae with numerous pale scales; metameron with scales; lower proepisternal scales absent] ...................................................................................................................................................... 8

- Some tarsomeres with rings of pale scales ............................................................................................................... 9

8(7). Abdominal terga with mixture of dark and pale scales posteriorly; first antennal flagellomere without pale scales; hypostigmal area and postprocoxal membrane bare; maxillary palpus with scattered pale scales............................. ................................................................................................................................................ Oc. detritus (Note 27)

- Abdominal terga entirely dark-scaled posteriorly or with few pale scales; first antennal flagellomere with white

scales ventrally; hypostigmal area and postprocoxal membrane with pale scales; maxillary palpus with more pale scales and subapical palpomere covered with numerous pale scales ............................................... Oc. leucomelas 9(7). Hindtarsomeres with basal pale rings only; hindtarsomere 5 not entirely pale [lower proepisternal scales absent; hypostigmal area with scales] ................................................................................................................................ 10

- Hindtarsomeres with both basal and apical pale rings; hindtarsomere 5 entirely pale........................................... 12

10(9). Abdominal terga with pale scales, without dark band, sometimes with a few dark scales; tarsomere 1 of all legs mostly pale except at apex; hindtarsomere 5 with basal pale band; wing mostly pale-scaled; proboscis with pale scales at middle and base; large species [lower mesepimeral seta absent] ........................................ Oc. flavescens

- Abdominal terga with sublateral apical dark patches; tarsomere 1 of all legs mostly dark, but with broad basal pale bands; hindtarsomere 5 entirely dark; wing entirely or mostly dark-scaled; proboscis entirely dark; medium-size species ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11

11(10).Metameron with scales; tarsomere 4 of all legs pale basally; wing profusely speckled ...................... Oc. caballus

- Metameron bare; tarsomere 4 of all legs indistinctly pale basally; wing almost entirely dark-scaled ....................... ................................................................................................................................................. Oc. chelli * (Note 28)

12(9). Abdominal terga with basal pale bands; wing entirely dark-scaled except for small patch at base of costa (C); lower proepisternal scales absent; metameron bare; tarsomere 5 of all legs pale; hypostigmal area bare; proboscis entirely dark ( Pulcritarsis Complex) (Note 29) ...................................................................................................... 13

- Abdominal terga with median pale stripes, sometimes entirely pale-scaled; wing with dark and pale scales; lower proepisternal scales present; metameron with scales; only hindtarsomere 5 pale; hypostigmal scales present; proboscis with pale scaling in middle ( Caspius Complex) (Note 30).......................................................................... 15

13(12).Femora and tibiae with scattered pale scales; scutum with anteromedian patch of golden scales; erect scales of head entirely or predominantly pale ( Oc. pulcritarsis )........................................................................................... 14

- Femora and tibiae without scattered pale scales; scutum predominantly brown-scaled; erect scales of head entirely or predominantly dark.......................................................................................................................... Oc. berlandi *

14(13).Scutum without longitudinal pale stripe........................................................................ Oc. pulcritarsis pulcritarsis

- Scutum with a narrow longitudinal stripe of white scales .................................................. Oc. pulcritarsis asiaticus

15(12).Scutum golden-scaled with 2 narrow dorsocentral stripes of white scales reaching posterior margin of scutum; wing veins with dark and pale scales more or less evenly mixed; bases of costa (C) and subcosta (Sc) mostly darkscaled; radius (R) (vein 1) and anal vein (1A) (vein 6) with dark and pale scales; pale scaling of abdominal terga mainly yellowish; acrostichal setae absent ....................................................................................... Oc. caspius s.l.

- Scutum with narrow to broad median golden (to dark brown)-scaled stripes, reaching prescutellar dorsocentral area, and white to creamy scales laterally; wing veins predominantly with pale scales; bases of C and Sc and veins R and 1A predominantly white-scaled, occasionally with few dark scales; pale scaling of abdominal terga white; acrostichal setae present ...................................................................................................................... Oc. dorsalis *

Figures

FIGURE 1. Characters of adult mosquitoes used in the keys. A, Lateral aspect (left side) of a culicine female (diagrammatic). B, Dorsal aspect of female anopheline cibarium. C, Ventral aspect of the posttarsis of an aedine female. (A, B Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980; C modified from Edwards, 1941).

FIGURE 2. Lateral aspect (left side) of the head of an Anopheles female showing characters used in the keys. (Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980).

FIGURE 3. Characters of the mosquito thorax used in the keys. A, Lateral aspect (left side) of an aedine male. B, Dorsal aspect of the same. (Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980).

FIGURE 4. Characters of the mosquito wing used in the keys. A, Left wing (ventral aspect) of an aedine female. B, Costal wing spots (dorsal aspect) of anopheline wings. (A Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980; B modified from Glick, 1992).