Pholetesor Species
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.1144.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0F094220-5052-4F81-AF5F-CFBED72B1E4C |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487E7-5D6F-0C48-F02D-41BDFA87FD37 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Pholetesor Species |
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Key to Females of Nearctic Pholetesor Species
It has not been possible to provide a reliable key to the males of all species. Many distinctive males may be run through the key easily but some coloration and metasomal tergite shape characters are unreliable or even positively misleading for males. The best strategy, assuming there are no associated females, is to use the species group diagnoses to place the males to species group, and then compare the descriptions of the included species, paying special attention to the male characters. Male genitalia are useful for distinguishing between species groups but have been found to be difficult to use in identifying species.
1) Third tergite of metasoma nearly or entirely covered in coarse sculpturing ................ 2
Third tergite sculptured only anteromedially or not at all............................................. 9
2) Tegulae pale yellowishbrown; ovipositor sheaths slender and usually weakly decurved ( figs. 74, 75, 77 View FIGURES 72–78 ); hypopygium evenly sclerotized and pigmented to medial fold ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Tegulae deep brown; ovipositor sheaths variable but not usually both slender and decurved; hypopygium sometimes submedially creased, setting off more weakly sclerotized and translucent medial fold ............................................................................... 4
3) First tergite of metasoma about 1.3x longer than posteriorly broad, becoming broader posteriorly ( fig. 54 View FIGURES 39–59 ) ........................................................................... .. caloptiliae View in CoL , n. sp.
First tergite of metasoma more slender, usually about 2.0x as long as posteriorly broad, usually more or less parallelsided to very weakly narrowing posteriorly ( fig. 55 View FIGURES 39–59 ) ....... ..................................................................................................... ornigis (Weed) , in part
4) Fourth tergite of matasoma functionally fused to third, separated from third by a crenulate furrow and strongly scultpured ( fig. 39 View FIGURES 39–59 ) ............................... masneri (Mason)
Fourth tergite unsculptured, overlapped by third ......................................................... 5
5) Propodeum with broad, strongly carinated pentagonal areola and transverse carinae on weakly sculptured background ( fig. 35 View FIGURES 33–38. 33 ).............................. bucculatricis (Muesebeck) View in CoL
Propodeum with either weak or indistinct (usually narrower) areola, areola suggested only posteriorly, areola nearly obscured by surrounding rugosity or areola completely absent............................................................................................................................6
6) Hypopygium evenly sclerotized, pigmented and hairy to medial fold ...... zelleriae View in CoL , n. sp.
Hypopygium weakly creased submedially, setting off medial, more translucent (sometimes hairless) and flexible fold .................................................................................... 7
7) Ovipositor sheaths in profile more strongly curved dorsally than ventrally ( fig. 65 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); 2r and 1Rs of fore wing meeting at sharp angle ( fig. 22 View FIGURES 22–26 ); 2r often much shorter than 1Rs ........................................................................................................ rhygoplitoides View in CoL , n. sp.
Ovipositor sheaths in profile more strongly curved ventrally than dorsally ( figs. 63, 64 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); 2r and 1Rs of fore wing meeting at a less sharp angle ( figs. 20, 21 View FIGURES 17–21 ; 2r View FIGURES 1–8. 1 rarely equal to or shorter than 1Rs ................................................................................................... 8
8) Inner hind tibial spur at least 1.2x as long as outer, reaching to or beyond middle of hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheaths broadest at about midlength of expanded hairy portions ( fig. 63 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); propodeum sometimes with weakly carinated areola evident................. ................................................................................................................. dixianus View in CoL , n. sp.
Inner and outer hind tibial spurs virtually equal in length, not more than 0.4x as long as hind basitarsus; ovipositor sheaths broadest nearer tip of expanded hairy portions ( fig. 64 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); propodeum without areolar carinae ........................................... pinifoliellae View in CoL , n. sp.
9) Hypopygium evenly sclerotized to medial fold, not strongly produced medially at tip ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Hypopygium weakly creased submedially, somewhat more transparent and flexible (often hairless) in medial fold than elsewhere, with tip often produced medially ..... 18
10) Tegulae light yellowbrown......................................................................................... 13
Tegulae deep brown to black ...................................................................................... 11
11) Ovipositor sheaths arising near or above midheight of valvifers, strongly exserted in most specimens, with hairy, expanded distal portions weakly decurved and usually as long as or longer than hind basitarsus ( fig. 74 View FIGURES 72–78 ); inner hind tibial spur at least 1.2x as long as outer; first metasomal tergite weakly to strongly narrowing posteriorly (often as in fig. 57 View FIGURES 39–59 ) ................................................................................. salicifoliellae (Mason) View in CoL
Ovipositor sheaths arising low on valvifers, only partially exserted in some specimens, with expanded distal portions roughly fusiform and usually much shorter than hind basitarsus ( figs. 62, 71 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); hind tibial spurs short, subequal in length; first metasomal tergite almost always parallelsided to broadening posteriorly ( figs. 42, 51 View FIGURES 39–59 ) ............ 12
12) Propodeum coarsely rugose, usually with superimposed carinae forming oval to narrow pentagonal areola and transverse carinae ( fig. 36 View FIGURES 33–38. 33 ); maxillary palpi usually moderately darkened; fringe of vannal lobe of hind wing long (as long as posterior fringe of wing near wing apex or longer)............................................................... .. masoni View in CoL , n. sp.
Propodeum with posterolateral corners sunken and more finely sculptured and polished than medial region, medially strongly raised in vaguely pentagonal shape, suggesting illdefined areola; maxillary palpi almost entirely very pale yellowish; fringe of vannal lobe shorter than remaining fringe of hind wing, at least over most of distal half ................................................................................................ rohweri (Muesebeck) View in CoL
13) First and second tergites of metasoma polished, nearly sculptureless ........................ 14
First and second tergites strongly sculptured over most of surface in granular, rugulose or aciculate pattern ......................................................................................................15
14) ...Metacarp (R1) of fore wing shorter than or equal in length with stigma and no more than twice as long as distance from its distal end to end of 3Rs fold along wing edge ( fig. 32 View FIGURES 27–32 ); second metasomal tergite often yellowish ............................... pedias (Nixon) View in CoL
Metacarp clearly longer than stigma and at least 3x as long as distance from its distal end to end of 3Rsfold along wing edge ( fig. 31 View FIGURES 27–32 ); second metasomal tergite dark brown to black in available nearctic material (variable in Europe) ......... circumscriptus (Nees) View in CoL
15) First tergite of metasoma less than 1.4x as long as posteriorly broad, clearly broadening posteriorly ( fig. 54 View FIGURES 39–59 ); third tergite usually extensively sculptured beyond anteromedial border; metacarp (R1) usually about 7x as long as distance from its distal end to end of 3Rs fold along wing edge ( fig. 27 View FIGURES 27–32 ); ovipositor sheaths reaching maximum breadth at about 2/3 of their lengths, usually appearing blunttipped ( fig. 74 View FIGURES 72–78 ) .............. ............................................................................................................. caloptiliae View in CoL , n. sp.
First tergite more slender, usually more than 1.7x as long as posteriorly broad, very weakly broadening to strongly narrowing posteriorly ( figs. 55, 56, 57 View FIGURES 39–59 ); third tergite usually anteromedially sculptured but area of sculpturing rarely extending over much of tergite; metacarp not so long, usually no more than 5x as long as distance from its distal end to end of 3Rs along wing edge ( figs. 28, 29, 30 View FIGURES 27–32 ); ovipositor sheaths evenly broadening to maximum breadth just before beveled, bluntlypointed tip ( figs. 75, 76, 77 View FIGURES 72–78 ) ..................................................................................................................................... 16
16) Lateral margins of first metasomal tergite nearly parallelsided, weakly curved, rarely noticeably diverging or converging posteriorly ( fig. 55 View FIGURES 39–59 ); second tergite with rounded anterolateral corners and straight posterior margin, usually less than 2.4x as broad posteriorly as medially long and nearly as long as third tergum medially ... ornigis (Weed)
Lateral margins of first metasomal tergite clearly converging posteriorly, at least over posterior half ( figs. 56, 57 View FIGURES 39–59 ); second tergite either medially clearly shorter than third tergum and often with weakly concave posterior margin, or strongly triangular, with posteriorly diverging sides .......................................................................................... 17
17) Posterior margin of second metasomal tergite usually weakly concave; second tergite 2.3–2.7x as broad posteriorly as medially long and shorter than third tergum medially; first tergite with weakly arched lateral margins, more strongly converging posteriorly ( fig. 57 View FIGURES 39–59 ); stigma uniformly dark greybrown; hind coxae mostly dark brown to black. ..................................................................................................... salicifoliellae (Mason) View in CoL
Posterior margin of second metasomal tergite straight; second tergite usually less than 2.2x as broad posteriorly as long medially, often as long as third tergum; firsat tergite oftenwithnearly straight,evenlyconverginglateral margins( fig.56 View FIGURES 39–59 );stigma nearly always suffused with extensive pale yellower areas; hind coxae nearly always yellowbrown to yelloworange over most of distal portions .................................... salalicus (Mason) View in CoL
18) Ovipositor sheaths short, broadened abruptly into asymmetrical spatulate form ( fig. 73 View FIGURES 72–78 ); posterior margin of second metasomal tergite medially convex; first metasomal tergite usually clearly narrowing posteriorly ( fig. 53 View FIGURES 39–59 ) .............. viminetorum (Wesmael) View in CoL
Ovipositor sheaths fusiform or at least more elongate, occasionally more or less parallelsided and short but not broadened and spatulate (fis. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72); posterior margin of second tergite usually not strongly convex medially; first tergite variable ( figs. 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52 View FIGURES 39–59 ) .......................................................................... 19
19) First tergite of metasoma as broad at widest point as long medially, or nearly so (often broader); second tergite about 2.5x as broad posteriorly as long medially, or less broad ( fig. 52 View FIGURES 39–59 ); ovipositor sheaths short, with more or less fusiform expanded hairy portions ( fig. 72 View FIGURES 72–78 ) .................................................................................................. variabilis View in CoL , n. sp.
First tergite at least 1.4x as long as broad at broadest point; second tergite usually more than 2.5x as broad posteriorly as medially long ( figs. 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 View FIGURES 39–59 ); ovipositor sheaths variable ( figs. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ).................................................................... 20
20) Tegulae pale yellowish, translucent; metasoma shortened and hind coxae somewhat enlarged so that distal ends of hind coxae reach nearly to posterior end of third metasomal tergum ( fig. 68 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); ovipositor sheaths about 2/3 length of hind basitarsi, more or less parallelsided over most of length ( fig. 68 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 )......................................... longicoxis View in CoL , n. sp.
Tegulae dark brown, sometimes translucent but not pale; metasoma not strongly shortened; hind coxae not reaching beyond second metasomal tergite; ovipositor sheaths longer than hind basitarsi or broadest near apex and not parallelsided ..................... 21
21) Ovipositor sheaths about 0.75 as long as hind tibiae, broadly fusiform but much more strongly convex ventrally than dorsally in profile ( fig. 69 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); fore wing length greater than 2.5 mm ............................................................................................... powelli View in CoL , n. sp.
Ovipositor sheaths either much shorter, not more than half of hind tibial length or more strongly convex dorsally than ventrally in profile or not broadly fusiform ( figs. 66, 67, 70 View FIGURES 60–71. 60–62 ); fore wing length usually less than 2.5 mm .............................................. 22
22) First metasomal tergite strongly narrowing posteriorly, about 1.5x as broad anteriorly as posteriorly; second tergite transverse, subtriangular, with fine longitudinal, diverging aciculations over most of surface ( fig. 47 View FIGURES 39–59 )............................. chiricahuensis View in CoL , n. sp.
First tergite more or less barrelshaped, not much broader or narrower posteriorly than anteriorly; second tergite, if longitudinally aciculate, at least with rounded anterolateral corners and more quadrate ( figs. 46, 50 View FIGURES 39–59 ).............................................................. 23
23) Expanded portions of ovipositor sheaths clearly longer than hind basitarsi; second metasomal tergite usually about 2.2x as broad posteriorly as long medially (or broader) ( fig. 50 View FIGURES 39–59 ) .................................................................................... thuiellae View in CoL , n. sp.
Expanded portions of ovipositor sheaths shorter than hind basitarsi; second metasomal tergite usually 2.0–2.1x as broad posteriorly as long medially ( fig. 46 View FIGURES 39–59 )......................... ......................................................................................................... bedelliae (Viereck) View in CoL
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