Scaphidysderina, Platnick & Dupérré, 2011

Platnick, Norman I. & Dupérré, Nadine, 2011, The Andean Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Scaphidysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Dysderina, American Museum Novitates 2011 (3712), pp. 1-52 : 5-8

Scaphidysderina , new genus

TYPE SPECIES: Scaphidysderina palenque , new species .

ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is a contraction of “ Scaphiella -like Dysderina ” and is feminine in gender.

DIAGNOSIS: Members of this genus can easily be recognized by their highly crenulated sternum (figs. 15, 68). They also differ from those of Dysderina in lacking both a spinneret scutum and a groove connecting either the anterior or posterior spiracles (compare figs. 5, 27).

DESCRIPTION: Total length of males 1.9–2.7, of females 2.1–3.2. Carapace red-brown, without color pattern; sternum and mouthparts orange-brown, sternum without color pattern; abdominal scuta orange, abdominal soft portions white, without color pattern; legs usually yellow, without color pattern (except in S. tayos , where coxae, trochanters, and basal two-thirds of femora orange, more distal portions of legs yellow). Cephalothorax: Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view, anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its maximum width, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anterolateral corners without extension or projections, pars thoracica with rounded posterolateral corners, without depressions or radiating rows of pits, posterolateral edge without pits, posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, posterolateral surface without spikes (except in females of S. tayos and S. napo , which have pair of elevated tubercles at rear of pars cephalica, figs. 67, 231); elevated portion of pars cephalica with low tubercles around midline, surrounded by U-shaped smooth area, sides granulate (figs. 136, 137, 172, 173); fovea absent, lateral margin straight, rebordered (figs. 138, 174), with sharply pointed denticles projecting past lateral margin in dorsal view; plumose setae near posterior margin of pars thoracica absent; nonmarginal pars cephalica and pars thoracica setae light, needlelike, scattered; marginal setae light, needlelike. Clypeus margin strongly rebordered, sinuous in front view, vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection present; setae light, needlelike. Chilum undivided, fused to clypeus, with or without apparent seam. Eyes six, well developed, ALE largest, ALE oval, PME squared, PLE oval; posterior eye row straight or slightly recurved from above, procurved from front; ALE usually separated by their radius to diameter (but by less than their radius in S. loja and S. molleturo ), ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum wider than long, not fused to carapace, surface highly crenulated (figs. 15, 39), raised portions of crenulations often forming anastomosing ridges (figs. 139, 175); median concavity absent, without hair tufts, without radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, without pits, microsculpture present everywhere but front, sickle-shaped structures absent, posterior margin extending posteriorly beyond anterior edges of coxae IV as single extension, anterior corner unmodified, lateral margin with infracoxal grooves and anterior and posterior openings, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles absent, lateral margins with bridges to coxae, without posterior hump; setae sparse, light, needlelike, densest laterally, originating from surface. Chelicerae slightly divergent, anterior face with swelling; males usually with promarginal tooth (figs. 140, 141), sometimes with dorsally directed spine (fig. 140), females usually with one promarginal and one retrolateral tooth (figs. 176, 177); fang without toothlike projections, directed medially, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae light, needlelike, densest medially; paturon inner margin with pairs of enlarged setae, distal region unmodified, posterior surface unmodified, promargin with row of flattened setae, inner margin unmodified, laminate groove absent. Labium triangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle (fig. 178), same as sternum in sclerotization; with six or more setae on anterior margin, subdistal portion with unmodified setae. Endites same as sternum in sclerotization, those of males distally excavated, with short ventral and longer dorsal processes (figs. 142, 242); serrula present in single row in females (figs. 179, 182), apparently reduced in males (fig. 143). Labrum long, distally narrowed, with long and short setae (figs. 144, 180, 181). Female palp without claw (fig. 195) or spines; patella without prolateral row of ridges; tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 186); tarsus unmodified (figs. 184, 185). Abdomen: ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, interscutal membrane rows of small sclerotized platelets absent; dorsum soft portions white, without color pattern. Book lung covers large, ovoid, without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified. Posterior spiracles not connected by groove. Pedicel tube medium, ribbed, scutopedicel region unmodified, scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel, plumose hairs absent, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel absent. Dorsal scutum present in males, strongly sclerotized, without color pattern, not fused to epigastric scutum, middle surface smooth, sides smooth, anterior half without projecting denticles; dorsal scutum present in females only in S. scutata , where small, weakly sclerotized (fig. 52). Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, surrounding pedicel, not protruding, small lateral sclerites absent, without lateral joints in females. Postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, almost semicircular, fused to epigastric scutum in males and some females, anterior margin unmodified, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Spinneret scutum absent; supraanal scutum absent. Abdominal dorsal, epigastric, and postepigastric setae dark, needlelike; epigastric area setae uniform in size (fig. 187); dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent; interscutal membrane with setae. Colulus present, tiny, with pair of setae. Anterior lateral spinnerets bisegmented, posterior medians unisegmented, posterior laterals bisegmented (figs. 151, 189); spigots scanned only in S. palenque , anterior laterals with one major ampullate gland spigot plus four piriform gland spigots in male (fig. 152), five in female (fig. 190); posterior medians with two minor ampullate gland spigots plus two aciniform gland spigots in male (fig. 153), 12 in female (fig. 191); posterior laterals with two minor ampullate gland spigot plus three aciniform gland spigots in male (fig. 154), 15 in female (fig. 192). Legs: femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, all femora rugose (figs. 155–158, 193, 194, 196); patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace, tibia I unmodified, tibia IV ventral scopula and specialized hairs on ventral apex absent, metatarsi I, II mesoapical comb absent, metatarsi III, IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spines present on femur I (and sometimes II); anterior tibiae and metatarsi with several pairs of very long spines (figs. 155, 156, 193, 194). Tarsi without inferior claw. Superior claws with four or five large teeth on median and lateral surfaces (figs. 164– 171, 201–207). Trichobothrial base with numerous parallel ridges (fig. 159). Tarsal organ with three sensillae on legs I, II (figs. 160, 161, 197, 198), two on legs III, IV, palp (figs. 149, 162, 163, 183, 199, 200). Genitalia: Male epigastric region with sperm pore small, triangular with rounded angles, situated between anterior and posterior spiracles, rebordered, furrow without Ω-shaped insertions, without setae (fig. 150). Male palp of normal size, not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical, proximal segments pale orange, cymbium and bulb yellow; embolus dark, prolateral excavation absent, bifid, with elaborate projections; trochanter minute, unmodified; femur of normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter, without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 148); cymbium ovoid in dorsal view, completely fused with bulb, no seam visible (figs. 145–147), not extending beyond distal tip of bulb, plumose setae absent, without stout setae or distal patch of setae; bulb elongated, 1.0–1.5 times as long as cymbium, stout. Female genitalia with strong apodemes (fig. 188), atrium varying from long ovoid to short slit, anterior genitalic process narrow throughout its length, basally widened, or widened throughout its length.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Andean nations ( Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia); found on both slopes of the Andes, at elevations up to 3865 m.