Heterosmylus Krüger, 1913c

Winterton, Shaun L., Martins, Caleb Califre, Makarkin, Vladimir, Ardila-Camacho, Adrian & Wang, Yongjie, 2019, Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera, Zootaxa 4581 (1), pp. 1-99 : 49-50

Heterosmylus Krüger, 1913c

( Figs 31–32 )

Type species. Heterosmylus aspersus Krüger, 1913c: 37 (by original designation).

Diagnosis. Three ocelli present; antennae less than FW length; wings ovoid, hyaline or FW weakly infuscate; costal area relatively narrow, subcostal veinlets simple, occasionally forked, subparallel at base; FW RP stem relatively long, RP1 originating distal to fork of M at approximately ⅓ wing length; 8–16 branches of RP; FW with basal radial crossveins sometimes arranged into a third gradate series basal to inner series, both wings with regular gradate series elongated, parallel in orientation; area between R and M without crossveins near wing base; medial area with rarely more than four ma-mp crossveins; FW with CuA with similar number of branches to CuP.

Comments. Dong et al. (2016) recently revised this genus and described a new species from China. Dong et al. (2016) do not mention parameres in the male genitalia in their revision but the structure is present and evident as an unlabelled structure in some of their images ( Dong et al., 2016: e.g., figs 18, 35, 48). Members of this genus are often relatively large compared with other protosmylines but do not have denser wing venation. In some species, the semi-ordered arrangement of some of the basal radial crossveins gives the appearance of a third gradate series; this feature is common in many fossil protosmyline genera. The elongate stem of RP, with RP1 notably distal to the fork of M, is distinctive for the genus.

Included species.

H. aspersus Krüger, 1913c ( India)

H. curvagradatus Yang, 1999 ( China)

H. flavidus Yang, 1992 ( China)

H. limulus Yang, 1987 ( China)

H. primus Nakahara, 1955 ( China)

H. processus Dong et al., 2016 ( China)

H. shennonganus Yang, 1997 ( China)

H. wolonganus Yang, 1992 ( China)

H. yunnanus Yang, 1986 ( China) (= H. zhamanus Yang, 1987 )

Figures

FIGURE 31. Protosmylinae. Heterosmylus processus Dong et al. (photo: Jishen Wang).

FIGURE 32. Protosmylinae. Heterosmylus wolonganus Yang.