GUMILLINAE Navás, 1912

Winterton, Shaun L., Martins, Caleb Califre, Makarkin, Vladimir, Ardila-Camacho, Adrian & Wang, Yongjie, 2019, Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera, Zootaxa 4581 (1), pp. 1-99 : 17-18

GUMILLINAE Navás, 1912

(= Epiosmylinae Panfilov in Dolin et al., 1980 . Type genus: Epiosmylus Panfilov in Dolin et al., 1980: 100 )

Type genus: Gumilla Navás, 1912: 57 .

Diagnosis. Antenna longer than forewing, scape enlarged and flagellomeres slightly elongated; ocelli absent; prothorax length subequal to width; FW costal area relatively narrow along entire length, veinlets simple and lacking interlinking crossveins, widely spaced proximally; wing venation irregular, without inner or outer gradate series of crossveins (outer series sometimes poorly formed); FW with single basal crossvein sc-r (rarely more); RP branches straight, curved posteriorly apically, typically 5–7 branches of RP in both wings, rarely fewer or more; FW with RP1 originating distant from fork of RP; FW medial vein forked usually around wing length (rarely around); wing trichosors restricted to distal part of wing; both wings with end-twigging mostly absent along posterior margin; HW basal sinuate (sigmoid) crossvein (1r-m) absent; HW CuP simple and not pectinately branched, sometimes forked just before wing margin; male abdomen with tergites 8 and 9 appearing fused into single sclerite, male lacking eversible scent glands between abdominal tergites 8 and 9; gonarcus narrow with sparse pile; mediuncus narrow and arched; parameres into narrow, arched sclerite. Female genitalia unknown.

Comments. Menon & Makarkin (2008) provided an excellent characterisation of Gumillinae , including proposing the synonymy of Epiosmylidae . The feature unique to members of this subfamily is the greatly elongate antennal flagellum, exceeding the length of the forewing. Other important diagnostic features in the wings include the lack of well-defined gradate series, trichosors present only in the distal part of the wing margin, forewing medial vein forking in the basal half of the wing and the loss of the basal crossvein 1r-m in the hind wing, although some of these are not unique to Gumillinae . The unbranched hind wing CuP unites this subfamily with Protosmylinae and Spilosmylinae ( Winterton et al., 2017) and is found in all genera conclusively placed in this subfamily. The only extant genus of Gumillinae is Gumilla , with male genitalia that appear highly divergent from other members of the family ( Fig. 2C, J ). The male abdominal tergites 8 and 9 are fused into a single sclerite and similar to the independently derived condition found in distantly related Stenosmylinae , Eidoporisminae and Porisminae. Gumilla is distributed in South America (see discussion by Martins et al., 2016) while extinct members of the subfamily are more widely known from Jurassic to Cretaceous-aged deposits in Asia, Europe and South America. Wang & Ren (2010) presented a key to fossil genera of Gumillinae , although this is incomplete now as several genera have been described since. In addition, the distinction amongst the various genera of Gumillinae is problematic since most were established based on relatively few, rather minor venational features ( Table 1 ). Consequently, some characters used to distinguish fossil genera of Gumillinae are similar to the variation attributed as species-level characters in other subfamilies such as Osmylinae and Kempyninae . The status of some genera of Gumillinae should be re-evaluated in the future as more material is discovered and the description of new genera based solely on wing fragments or hind wings should be discouraged. Larvae are unknown for this subfamily.

Genera included. Allotriosmylus Yang et al. , Enodinympha Ren & Engel , Epiosmylus Panfilov in Dolin et al. , Gumilla Navás , Kolbasinella Khramov , Nilionympha Ren & Engel , Nuddsia Menon & Makarkin , Osmylochrysa Jepson et al. , Tenuosmylus Wang et al.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Male genitalic morphology amongst different subfamilies of Osmylidae. Colour code: gonarcus (red), entoprocessus (blue), parameres (green), mediuncus (purple), hypandrium internum (orange). Scale line: 0.5 mm.