Scaralina, OCCURRING

Yanega, Douglas, Goemans, Geert, Dam, Matthew Van, Gómez-Marco, Francesc & Hoddle, Mark, 2024, Description of a new genus of North and Central American planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) with fourteen new species, Zootaxa 5443 (1), pp. 1-53 : 8-9

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5443.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:85B08D1D-489A-43A9-9E66-86755024D9FB
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11033844
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3A664-FF91-FFD2-58C5-7D59FA02FC58
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Scaralina
status

Treatment

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS SCARALINA OCCURRING NORTH OF PANAMA

1. Mottling of dorsal thorax composed primarily of numerous, tiny pale spots on a dark background, each spot with a seta in its center ( Figs 42, 44–47 View FIGURES 42–50 )— cristata species group............................................................. 2

-. Dorsal thoracic markings otherwise, well-defined............................................................ 6

2. Pronotal carina strongly cristate ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ); spots on thoracic dorsum and vertex mostly well-separated ( Fig. 44 View FIGURES 42–50 ); abdomen with strong dark bands separating the median and lateral pale markings, which are composed of fused spots ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 13–20 )............................................... cristata Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. ( USA: AZ, NM; Mex: CHI, DUR, SON)

-. Pronotal carina sometimes strong, but not compressed into a crest; spots on thoracic dorsum and vertex mostly fused into irregular clusters ( Figs 42, 45–47 View FIGURES 42–50 ); abdomen with irregular dark markings, median and lateral pale markings largely confluent ( Figs 6 View FIGURE 6 , 13, 17–18 View FIGURES 13–20 ).................................................................................... 3

3. Abdominal dorsum extensively bright red; hindwing very broadly red at base ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 13–20 ); forewing heavily maculated medially with contrasting venation ( Fig. 61 View FIGURES 57–62 ); large species (well over 20 mm from frons to wing tips)........................................................................................... gigantea Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: CHI, DUR)

-. Abdominal dorsum yellowish to orange; hindwing basal markings small, orange in color; forewing maculation variable but never as extensive..................................................................................... 4

4. Hindwing reddish-orange at base; abdominal dorsum mostly orange ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 13–20 ); forewings with distinct medial maculation ( Fig. 60 View FIGURES 57–62 ); lower frons mostly dark ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 27–35 ); female lacking elongated supra-anal plate on tergum 6............................................................................................. durango Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: DUR)

-. Hindwing pale orange at base; abdominal dorsum yellowish ( Figs 6 View FIGURE 6 , 13, 19 View FIGURES 13–20 ); lower frons at least partially pale with contrasting dark circular spots ( Figs 27, 32 View FIGURES 27–35 ); forewings with faint spotting medially ( Figs 57, 62 View FIGURES 57–62 )............................... 5

5. Frons with large dark spots ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 27–35 ); female lacking elongated supra-anal plate on tergum 6 ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 )........................................................ aethrinsula Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. ( USA: AZ, ID, NM, UT; Mex: CHI)

-. Frons mostly pale, with very small dark spots ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 27–35 ); female with elongated supra-anal plate ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 13–20 )....................................................................................... hawksi Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: DUR)

6. Lower frons without tiny dark spots, upper edge of frons smooth and largely or entirely pale, clypeus only slightly longer than broad ( Figs 28, 35 View FIGURES 27–35 ); hindwings blue or red at base........................................................... 7

-. Lower frons with tiny dark spots (or entirely black), upper edge of frons irregularly maculated and/or with vertical creases, clypeus distinctly longer than broad ( Figs 33–34 View FIGURES 27–35 , 36–41 View FIGURES 36–41 ); hindwings orange or reddish-orange at base— marmorata species group............................................................................................... 8

7. Frons entirely pale yellowish green ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 27–35 ), forewing bases and postcostal cell strongly marked with rose-magenta and green ( Figs 14 View FIGURES 13–20 , 58 View FIGURES 57–62 )...................................... chapina Goemans & Yanega, sp. nov. ( Guatemala to Honduras)

-. Frons dark with upper margin pale, and dark intrusion at midline ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 27–35 ); forewing bases extensively black, venation highly contrasting, greenish, including in postcostal cell ( Figs 21 View FIGURES 21–26 , 65 View FIGURES 63–68 ).................................................................................................... monzoni Goemans & Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: SIN to Panama)

8. Base of forewing with dark sub-basal band greatly reduced, light markings mostly orange, semi-translucent, remainder of wing almost entirely hyaline, often with unusually large rectangular cells ( Figs 26 View FIGURES 21–26 , 70–71 View FIGURES 69–72 )................................ 9

-. Base of forewing with dark sub-basal band more extensive, light markings and crossveins varying from translucent to opaquely pale ochraceous, remainder of wing with distinct, irregular spotting, cells not especially large........................ 10

9. Hindwings light orange at base; basal half of subcostal cell lacking crossveins ( Fig. 71 View FIGURES 69–72 ); pronotum pale anteromedially ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 51–56 ); frons laterally nearly straight, lower lobes not expanded laterally ( Fig. 41 View FIGURES 36–41 )........................................................................................... veracruzensis Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. (Mex: VER)

-. Hindwings reddish-orange at base; basal half of postcostal cell with crossveins ( Figs 26 View FIGURES 21–26 , 70 View FIGURES 69–72 ); pronotum black anteromedially ( Figs 26 View FIGURES 21–26 , 55 View FIGURES 51–56 ); frons laterally slightly concave, lower lobes expanded laterally ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 36–41 )................................................................................................... sullivani Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: VER)

10. Lateral mesonotal carinae low but distinct, with posterior portion running along inner (medial) side of posterior mesonotal spot, thus appearing strongly recurved ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 42–50 ); medial abdominal dorsum broadly orange ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 13–20 )........................................................................... metcalfi Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. ( USA: AZ; Mex: CHI)

-. Lateral mesonotal carinae with posterior portion running distinctly along outer (lateral) side of posterior mesonotal spot, thus gently sinuate ( Figs 48 View FIGURES 42–50 , 51–56 View FIGURES 51–56 ); medial abdominal dorsum with at most pale marks on terga 2 and 3 and/or a narrow orange midline ( Figs 16 View FIGURES 13–20 , 22–26 View FIGURES 21–26 ).............................................................................. 11

11. Frons very slightly convex, with upper inflection gently rounded; lateral margin of frons slightly concave, lower lobes expanded laterally ( Figs 36–37 View FIGURES 36–41 ); medial abdominal dorsum variable but generally mostly dark ( Figs 22–23 View FIGURES 21–26 ); basal half of postcostal cell lacking crossveins ( Figs 66–67 View FIGURES 63–68 )......................................................................... 12

-. Frons flat to slightly impressed, upper inflection almost an obtuse angle, and with one to three low medial ridges; lateral margin of frons nearly straight, lower lobes not expanded ( Figs 33 View FIGURES 27–35 , 38–39 View FIGURES 36–41 ); medial abdominal dorsum typically with pale marks on terga 2 and 3 ( Figs 16 View FIGURES 13–20 , 24–25 View FIGURES 21–26 ); only basal quarter of postcostal cell without crossveins ( Figs 63, 68–69 View FIGURES 63–68 View FIGURES 69–72 )................ 13

12. Hind wings orange at base; pronotum mostly pale with small black markings ( Fig. 52 View FIGURES 51–56 )................................................................... obrienae Yanega & Van Dam, sp. nov. (Mex: JAL to HID, south to Guatemala)

-. Hindwings red at base; pronotum mostly black with limited pale markings ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 51–56 )................................................................................................. obfusca Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: CHI, DUR)

13. Setae on dorsal notum shorter than spaces between them and slightly recumbent; lower frons and clypeus with extensive pale coloration ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 27–35 ).................................... marmorata (Spinola) ( USA: TX to FL, north to OK and VA)

-. Setae on dorsal notum long, erect ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ); lower frons and clypeus almost entirely dark ( Figs 38–39 View FIGURES 36–41 ).................. 14

14. Base of forewings with crossveins and membrane of pale area orange-tinted ( Figs 24 View FIGURES 21–26 , 68 View FIGURES 63–68 ); frons weakly impressed at most ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 36–41 )..................................................... orientalis Yanega, sp. nov. (Mex: NL, PUE, SLP, TAM)

-. Base of forewings with crossveins whitish, and membrane hyaline ( Figs 25 View FIGURES 21–26 , 69 View FIGURES 69–72 ); frons strongly impressed on either side of elevated midline ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 36–41 ).................................................... rileyi Yanega, sp. nov. ( USA: TX)