Cortinarius anaunianus Fellin & Ferrari, 2021

Fellin, Alessandro, Ercole, Enrico, Ferrari, Renato Jonny & Vizzini, Alfredo, 2021, Cortinarius anaunianus (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae): a new species of the Humolentes clade from Italy, Phytotaxa 520 (3), pp. 225-240 : 230-231

Cortinarius anaunianus Fellin & Ferrari sp. nov. ( Figures. 1–4 )

MycoBank:—MB838950

Type:— ITALY. Trentino Alto Adige : Campodenno, Lover ( TN), 46°14’31’’N 10°59’59’’E, 1350 m a.s.l., 29 Oct 2020, in the litter of a silver fir ( Abies alba ) forest, on calcareous soil, leg. A. Fellin, TR gmb 01246. GenBank accession numbers: MW 587758 ( ITS), MW 587768 ( LSU), MW 590310 (rpb1), MW 590311 (rpb2) .

Etymology:—the epithet “ anaunianus ” refers to the ancient name of the Val di Non (Trento, Italy), the geographical area in which the new Cortinarius species was found and described.

Diagnosis:— Cortinarius anaunianus is distinguished from C. humolens by its ecology, different DNA sequences at the ITS, LSU, rpb1 and rpb2 loci and different colors of the basidiomes, without yellowish hues while the olive colors are predominant, in lamellae, veil and pileus of young specimens.

Description:— Pileus: 3–15 cm, at first convex, then plano-convex to slightly depressed in mature specimens, firm and fleshy, glutinous, glabrous, with an incurved margin; olive-gray colors at the pileus margin, sometimes completely olive over the entire surface in early stages of development, turning ocher-brown all over the surface in mature specimens, with ocher/brownish radial fibrils starting from the center of the pileus and progressively extended to the entire pileus surface in mature specimens. Universal veil indistinct to quite abundant, as whitish patches in pileus center of young specimens or of those covered with plant debris. Lamellae: moderately crowded, emarginate to arcuate, interspersed with short lamellulae, faintly veined on the faces, fringed at the stipe apex, olive, in rapid succession on gray-pinkish tones, then clay/ocher starting from spots or lesions localized on the lamellar faces; edge often slightly to distinctly crenulate. Stipe: 2–8 × 1–3 cm stocky to slender, firm, deeply immersed in the growth substrate, with abundant whiteolive cortina remnants, progressively widened downwards into a distinctly marginate basal bulb (up to 4.5 cm wide), often folded, flattened, tapered or with an oblique cut. Universal veil on the bulb margin well-developed and volva-like when young, viscid and distinctly greenish; bulbipellis and basal mycelium white, often forming whitish rhizomorphs. Context: firm, whitish, orange in correspondence of the deteriorated points or in the tunnels dug by the insect larvae. Smell: earth-like or raphanoid. Taste: mild. Exsiccata: brown-ocher. Macrochemical reactions: 30% KOH negative on all external surfaces; immediate yellowish in the bulb context. Extractable pigments: not studied. The pigment topology, the colors and the strong brown discoloration due to oxidation processes suggest the same anthraquinonoid pigment (flavomannintrimethylether) as found in other, yellow-gilled taxa in Humolentes. Spores: [160/8/7] (9.8–) 10.6–11.2–11.8 (–12.8) × (5.9–) 6.4–6.7–7.0 (–7.3) µm Q= (1.46–) 1.59–1.67–1.75 (–1.97) ocher/tawny in 2% KOH, dextrinoid, amygdaliform to citriform, with a more or less differentiated papilla, grossly warty; ornamental pattern consisting of coalescing, dense and rather prominent plaque warts; with distinct, sub-smooth suprahilar plague. Basidia: 23–32 × 9–11 µm, claviform, tetrasporic, with an olive-yellow granular intracellular pigment. Lamellar edge partially fertile. Marginal sterile elements: present, cylindrical to claviform, hyaline, simple or articulated, 9–20 × 5–9 µm. Hymenophoral trama: regular, consisting of subparallel cylindrical 2–10 µm wide hyphae with a fine yellow/olive intracellular pigment. Pileipellis: a rather thick ixocutis of cylindraceous hyphae with subparallel or sinuous course; suprapellis of 2–6 µm wide hyphae with cylindrical, clavate or tapered terminal element and yellow-olive-yellow to brownish granular intracellular pigment; subpellis of larger, up to 10 µm wide, hyaline, or weakly pigmented yellowolive hyphae. Gloeoplerous hyphae: scattered. Clamp connections: present in all tissues.

Habitat:—gregarious or sometimes paired, deeply immersed in the litter and needles, in silver fir forests. The studied specimens have always been found in mountainous silver firs on calcareous soil, in sites notoriously rich in other phlegmacioid species. So far known only from Northeastern Italy.

Additional specimens examined:— ITALY. Trentino-Alto Adige: Trento, Lover, 1370 m a.s.l., 46°14’30’’N 11°00’01’’E, 26 Sep 2020, in silver fir forest, leg. A. Fellin (AF-050-2020); Ruffrè, 1250 m a.s.l., 46°24’ 58’’N 11° 10’ 04’’E, in needles and litter in a silver fir forest, 08 Oct 2020, leg. A. Fellin (AF-057-2020); Sporminore, 1570 m a.s.l., 46°12’39’’N 11°00’20’’E, close to Abies alba trees, 27 Sep 2020, leg. A. Fellin (AF-053-2020); ibidem, 1070 m a.s.l., 46°13’07’’N 11° 01’ 16’’E, silver fir forest, 25 Sep 2020, leg. A. Fellin (AF-040-2020); Vigo di Ton , 1070 m asl., 46°15’07’’N 11°05’39’’E, silver fir forest, 19 Oct 2019, leg. A. Fellin (AF-503-2019); ibidem, 1030 m a.s.l., 46°15’11’’N 11°05’46’’E, silver fir forest, 26 Sep 2020, leg. A. Fellin (AF-051-2020); Masi di Vigo , 1300 m a.s.l., 46°14’41’’N 11°05’37’’E, silver fir forest, 29 Sep 2017, leg. A. Fellin (AF-025-2017) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cortinarius anaunianus a Natural habitat of silver fir forest. b Georeferenced sites of the collected C. anaunianus vouchers. Photos by A. Fellin.

FIGURE 2. Cortinarius anaunianus fresh samples in-situ. a C. anaunianus voucher AF-050-2020. b C. anaunianus voucher AF-051- 2020. c–d C. anaunianus voucher TR gmb 01246, holotype. e C. anaunianus voucher AF-053-2020. f C. anaunianus KOH yellowish reaction on the bulb context. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photos by A. Fellin.

FIGURE 3. Cortinarius anaunianus (holotype, TR gmb 01246). a Basidiospores. b Basidiospore ornamentation. c Elements of the pileipellis. d Marginal cells. Scale bars: 10 μm. Photos by A. Fellin.

FIGURE 4. Cortinarius anaunianus a Spores. b Basidia. c Marginal cells. d Elements of the pileipellis. Coll. TR gmb 01246 (holotype). Scale bars: 10 μm. Drawings by T. Lezzi & R.J. Ferrari.