Eriophyidae

Navia, Denise, Duarte, Mercia Elias & Flechtmann, Carlos H. W., 2021, Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from Brazil: an annotated checklist, Zootaxa 4997 (1), pp. 1-152 : 27-30

Eriophyidae , Phyllocoptinae , Anthocoptini

056 * Aculops caesalpiniae Keifer, 1977: 11 .

Type host. Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Leguminosae) , presently referred as Libidibia ferrea (Mart.ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz. (Fabaceae) ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. Piracicaba , São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. The mites are underside leaf rust mites ( Keifer 1977).

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plants status. Native tree, endemic, occurring in Caatinga , Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

057 * Aculops emblemus Navia & Flechtmann, 1998 a: 119 .

Type host. Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. (Caesalpiniaceae) , presently referred as Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima ( Fabaceae ) ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. Cavalcante , Goiás, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Collected from leaf erineum-galls in association with Acalitus carbonis Navia & Flechtmann, 1998a . It could not be determined which species cause the galls.

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status. Native tree, endemic, occurring in Amazônia , Caatinga and Cerrado biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

058 * Aculops fenestratus Navia & Flechtmann, 2007: 41 .

Type host. Delonix regia (Bojer ex. Hook.) Raf. ( Fabaceae ).

Type locality. Brasília , Distrito Federal , Brazil (15°47’S, 47°55’W) .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants, causing no apparent symptoms ( Navia & Flechtmann 2007).

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status. Exotic tree, widely cultivated as an ornamental in all regions, appropriate for landscape use ( Lorenzi & Souza 2001).

059 * Aculops flechtmanni Keifer, 1972: 23 .

Type host. Rollinia sp. (Annonaceae) . This genus was synonymized with Annona L. ( Flora do Brasil 2020). Flechtmann (1972) cited that the common name of the host plant was ‘fruta-do-conde”, fruit tree which scientific name is Annona squamosa L. ( Annonaceae ).

Type locality. Piracicaba , São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Mites can be found on leaves, flowers and fruits. In flowers mites bronze petals and on fruits rust the surface and produce necrotic areas ( Keifer 1972; Flechtmann 1972).

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality. Heavy infestations cause flower drop. It was observed in association with flat mites in the genus Brevipalpus ( Keifer 1972; Flechtmann 1972).

Type host plant status. Exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in domestic and commercial orchards ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

060 * Aculops fuchsiae Keifer, 1972: 21 .

Type host. Fuchsia sp. (Onagraceae) .

Type locality. Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Mites develop on the leaves causing rust and deformations ( Keifer 1972).

Remarks. No additional reports in Brazil. In San Francisco, CA, USA, mites were reported causing twisted and distorted leaves and swelling and reddening of tissues ( Koehler et al. 1987).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Native shrub, subshrub or liana, not endemic, occurring naturally in Cerrado Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes ( Zeferino & Echternacht 2020). Widely cultivated as an ornamental in many countries ( Lorenzi & Souza 2001).

061 Aculops lycopersici ( Tryon, 1917) : 55. ( Keifer 1966d: 9).

Previous assignments.

Aculops lycopersicae ( Tryon, 1917)

Phyllocoptes lycopersici Tryon, 1917

Synonyms.

Phyllocoptes lycopersici Massee, 1937

Aculops lycopersici ( Massee, 1937)

Vasates lycopersici ( Massee, 1937)

Aculus lycopersici ( Massee, 1937)

Phyllocoptes destruct or Keifer, 1940

Vasates destructor ( Keifer, 1940)

Type host. Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw. ( Solanaceae ), presently referred as Solanum lycopersicum L. ( Solanaceae ).

Type locality. Queensland, Australia .

Host plants and localities reports in Brazil. On S. lycopersicum (Solanaceae) : locality not informed, sub-middle São Francisco valley (Moraes 1981), Juazeiro ( Moreira et al. 1999b), Bahia ; locality not informed (Cavalvante et al. 1974 in Cavalcante et al. 1981), Morada Nova ( Sales et al. 1973), Ceará; Brasília (Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia) (15º43’51”S, 47º54’02”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Gama (Embrapa Hortaliças) (15º55’58”S, 48º08’25”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Paranoá (15°97’30”S, 47°48’49”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Samambaia (15º89’01”S, 48º11’38”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), São Sebastião (15º54’04”S, 47º45’40”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Vargem Bonita (15º56’58”S, 47º55’57”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; Goiânia ( Silva et al. 1988), Goiás; Campo Grande ( Roel et al. 2004), Dourados ( Roel et al. 2004), Mato Grosso do Sul; Governador Valadares ( Fiaboe et al. 2007), Viçosa ( Leite et al. 1999), Minas Gerais; locality not informed ( Arruda & Arruda 1976); locality not informed, sub-middle São Francisco valley (Moraes 1981), Petrolândia ( Moraes & Flechtmann 1981), Petrolina ( Ramalho 1978), Pernambuco; Uruguaiana ( Silva et al. 2008), Itaqui ( Silva et al. 2008), Alegrete ( Silva et al. 2008), Barra do Quaraí ( Silva et al. 2008), São Borja ( Silva et al. 2008), Rio Grande do Sul; Campinas (laboratory) ( Costa & Carvalho 1962), Jaboticabal ( Oliveira et al. 1982a), Piracicaba ( Lopes et al. 2015), São José do Rio Preto (laboratory) ( Ferreira et al. 2015), São Paulo; on Solanum americanum Mill. (Solanaceae) : Gama (Embrapa Hortaliças) (15º55’58”S, 48º08’25”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; Petrolândia ( Moraes & Flechtmann 1981), Pernambuco; Uruguaiana ( Silva et al. 2008), Itaqui ( Silva et al. 2008), Alegrete ( Silva et al. 2008), Barra do Quaraí ( Silva et al. 2008), São Borja ( Silva et al. 2008), Rio Grande do Sul; Campinas ( Costa & Carvalho 1962), São Paulo; on Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal , presently referred as Solanum aegyptiacum Poir. (Solanaceae) (Tropicos 2020): Viçosa ( Leite et al. 1999), Minas Gerais; on Capsicum frutescens L. ( Solanaceae ): Gama (Embrapa Hortaliças) (15º55’59”S, 48º08’25”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Solanum aethiopicum L. ( Solanaceae ): São Sebastião 15º54’04”S, 47º45’40”W ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Solanum melongena L. ( Solanaceae ): Vargem Bonita (15º57’15”S, 47º56’11”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; Viçosa (20°44’38.7”S, 42°49’18”W) ( Leite et al. 2003), Guidoval (2108’36”S, 42°47’54”W) ( Leite et al. 2003), Minas Gerais; on Solanum muricatum Ait. (Solanaceae) : Gama (Embrapa Hortaliças) (15º56’05”S, 48º08’24”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Physalis sp. (Solanaceae) : Gama (Embrapa Hortaliças) (15º56’05”S, 48º08’24”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal (Solanaceae) : Gama (Embrapa Hortaliças) (15º55’56”S, 48º08’21”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae) : Uruguaiana ( Silva et al. 2008), Itaqui ( Silva et al. 2008), Alegrete ( Silva et al. 2008), Barra do Quaraí ( Silva et al. 2008), São Borja ( Silva et al. 2008), Rio Grande do Sul.

Relationship to host plants. Mites feed on leaves, stems and fruits causing russeting on leaves, stems and fruits. Leaves can turn shiny, dry and drop prematurely and fruits can stop maturing ( Moraes & Flechtmann 2008). Dried leaves became necrotic and can drop or remain on the stem ( Costa & Carvalho 1962). Infestation begins in the basal leaves and moves toward the top of tomato plants ( Michereff et al. 2019). Fruits can present rough and burned skin. Heavy infestations can completely defoliate the plant and kill tomato plants ( Rossetto 1972; Michereff et al. 2019). On Physalis sp. and S. americanum this mite causes chlorotic spots mainly around the veins on leaves. In otherhost plants no apparent symptoms were observed or reported.

Remarks. A cosmopolitan pest. In Brazil severe high infestations have been observed in the Northeastern Region ( Ramalho 1978; Moraes et al. 1986) and in the Southeast Region ( Oliveira et al. 1982a). According to Rossetto (1972) this mite causes greatest economic impact during dry seasons. Although mostly considered as a secondary tomato pest in the country ( Michereff et al. 2019) infestations can reduce production significantly. Experiments conducted by Oliveira et al. (1982) in São Paulo showed that losses due to infestations can reach 66%.

Type host plant status in Brazil. Exotic herb, widely cultivated as a vegetable for food ( Treichel et al. 2016) .

Status of additional host plants in Brazil. Capsicuum frutescens —naturalized shrub, cultivated mainly in North, Northeast, Central-West and Southeast regions ( Carvalho et al. 2006); Physalis sp. —native herb or shrub, not endemic, occurring naturally in Amazônia, Caatinga and Mata Atlântica biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020); S. aegyptiacum —exotic herb, widely distributed ( Zeist et al. 2018). This wild species is a potential source of novel genes for tomato breeding (Sacks & St. Clair 1998); S. aethiopicum — exotic shrub, cultivated throughout the country, mainly in the southeast region ( Pinheiro et al. 2015; Flora do Brasil 2020); S. americanum — native herb, not endemic, widely distributed in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020); S. melongena — exotic herb, widely cultivated as a vegetable for food ( Ribeiro et al. 1998; Flora do Brasil 2020); S. muricatum —exotic shrub, cultivated grown in backyards mainly South and Southeast regions ( Melo et al. 2017); S. sessiliflorum —native shrub or subshrub, not endemic, occurring naturally in Amazônia biome ( Flora do Brasil 2020); S. sisymbriifolium — native shrub, subshrub, not endemic, occurring in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020).