Armeria Willd.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.305475 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287E6-FFBD-5524-E7F0-6D83F3B810C4 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Armeria Willd. |
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4. Armeria Willd. View in CoL 2
Caespitose perennial herbs or cushion-forming dwarf shrubs, with a branched woody stock. Leaves simple, in basal rosettes or on densely leafy branches. Inflorescence a capitulum, with an involucre of imbricate bracts and a tubular scarious sheath at the base enclosing the top of the scape. Flowers usually bracteolate, in usually bracteate, cymose spikelets. Calyx infundibuliform, inserted obliquely, with a basal spur; tube 5- or 10-ribbed; limb scarious; lobes usually awned. Corolla infundibuliform; petals connate at the extreme base, persistent. Stamens inserted at base of corolla. Styles 5, connate at the base; stigmas plumose. Fruit with circumscissile or irregular dehiscence.
Most species in temperate Europe show dimorphism of pollen and stigma and are self-incompatible. In Europe only 1(b) is known to be monomorphic and self-compatible.
The extent of hybridization in the genus is not clear, but the following hybrids seem worthy of mention: 1x3 2, 18x31(a), 35 x 37 and 40 x 38.
This account follows Bernis (1953) in considering the calyxspur as the unveined basal extremity of the calyx, adnate to the pedicel at least before maturity, and including the insertion-scar; the tube is measured from the apex of the pedicel to the base of the limb. Measurements of tube and spur refer to the flower with the longest pedicel in the spikelet, i.e. the oldest one, which is opposite the bract.
Literature: F. A. Novak, Mém. Soc. Sci. Bohême 1938: 1-25 (1938); 1939: 1-24 (1939). G. H. M. Lawrence, Gentes Herb. 4: 389-418 (1940). F. Bernis, Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 23: 225-263 (1950); Anal. Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11(2): 5-287 (1953); 12(2): 77-252 (1954); 14: 259-432 (1956).
1 Calyx-tube not more than 2(-2|) times as long as spur; insertion-scar of calyx narrowly elliptical to linear
2 Dwarf shrub; stock with many long branches
3 Outer involucral bracts at least as long as the inner, acuminate, mucronate to cuspidate; spikelet-bract at least as long as calyx 34. welwitschii 3 Outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner, obtuse, muticous; spikelet-bract absent or rudimentary 35. pungens 2 Herb; stock short
4 Leaves obovate- to linear-lanceolate, usually at least 2 mm wide
5 Leaves velutinous 39. velutina 5 Leaves glabrous or puberulent
6 Leaves (10—)15—35 mm wide; outer involucral bracts at least as long as the inner, acuminate to cuspidate
40. gaditana 6 Leaves not more than 10 mm wide; outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner, obtuse, rarely mucronate
41. hirta 4 Leaves (at least the inner) filiform to linear, sometimes linearlanceolate, usually not more than 1 mm wide
7 Leaves not more than 30 mm 42. hispalensis 7 Leaves at least 40 mm
8 Spikelet-bract present
9 Spikelet-bract longer than calyx, coriaceous; leaves all similar; awns absent or not more than 0-4 mm
37. rouyana 9 Spikelet-bract shorter than calyx, scarious; leaves dimorphic; awns 0-7-2 mm 43. cariensis 8 Spikelet-bract absent (but bracteoles sometimes rudimentary, scarious)
10 Involucral bracts puberulent, the outer ±cuspidate;
calyx-tube usually hirsute 36. pinifolia
10 Involucralbractsglabrous,theoutermucronulate; calyx-
tubehirsuteonly on ribs 38. macrophylla 1 Calyx-tube2-8 times as long as spur; insertion-scar of calyx orbicularto ovate-oblong
11 Leavesatleast5 mm wide,lanceolateto obovate-lanceolate
12 Leavesmostly mucronate; scapes 10-20 cm 33. berlengensis 12 Leavesmuticous; scapes20-80 cm
13 Dwarfshrub; stock large, stout; capitula 30-40 mm wide
10. pseudarmeria 13 Herb; stock rathershort,slender; capitula 10-30 mmwide
14 Involucral bracts spinescent, the inner with narrow scariousmargins; calyx-awns 1- 5-3 mm 13. villosa 14 Involucral bracts not spinescent, the inner with wide scariousmargins; calyx-awns0-3-1-5 mm
15 Sheath 8 -20 mm; spikelet-bractatleastas long as calyx
16 Calyx 7-8mm, the awns (0-8—)1 —1- 5 mm; spikelets stipitate 15. morisii 16 Calyx 6-6-5mm, the awns O-3-O-5 mm; spikelets sessileorsubsessile 16. colorata 15 Sheath 20-60 mm; spikelet-bract shorter than calyx
17 Capitula 25-30 mm wide; calyx 8-10 mm; leaves
(60-) 100-200 mm; involucral bracts greenish
17. macropoda 17 Capitula 8-2O(-3O)mm wide; calyx 5-9 mm; leaves
13-130 mm; involucralbractsbrownish or reddish
18 Outerinvolucralbractsusually longer than the inner,
with narrowscariousmargins; spikelet-bractalmost aslong ascalyx 8. alliacea 18 Outerinvolucral bracts shorter than the inner, with widescariousmargins; spikelet-bract shorter than calyx 12. langei 11 Atleasttheinnerleaves not more than 4(-7)mm wide, filiform orlinearto linear-spathulate
19 Atleast the inner leaves less than 0-7 mm wide, filiform, usually canaliculate,conduplicate or convolute
20 Innerleavesmuticous
21 Capitula soft,notbecominghard infruit; outerinvolucral bracts long-acuminate; corolla purple 6. vandasii 21 Capitula compact,becoming hard in fruit; outer involucral bracts obtuse, mucronate to shortly cuspidate; corolla pinkish or white
22 Calyx-awnsO-3-O-6 mm; leavessubobtuse; corollawhite orpalepinkish 20. littoralis 22 Calyx-awnsatleast0-7 mm; leavesusually acute or subacute; corolla pinkish,rarely white 21. duriaei 20 Innerleavesusually mucronate or mucronulate
23 Sheath (10-)15-35 mm
24 Calyx-awnsnotmore than 1 mm; scapes erect or some whatdivergent; spikelet-bractpuberulent, brown
12. langei 24 Calyx-awns1 - 2-1- 5 mm; scapespatent-ascending; spike let-bractglabrous,white-scarious 24. eriophylla 23 Sheath 4-15 mm
25 Calyx-awns(O- 5-)l~l-5 mm
26 Outer leaves mucronulate; bracteoles reduced
25. humilis 26 Outerleavesmuticous; bracteoles well-developed
19. trachyphylla 25 Calyx-awnsO-3-O-9 mm
27 Scapes18-32 cm,straight,erect; outerinvolucralbracts much shorterthan the inner 18. filicaulis 27 Scapes 4-15 cm, arcuate-ascending; outer involucral bractsalmost as long as the inner
28 Spikelet-bract shorter than calyx, white-scarious;
scapes10-15 cm 23. girardii 28 Spikelet-bract as long as calyx, dark brown, with scariousmargin and fimbriate apex; scapes 4-5 cm
22. arcuata 19 Leavesmore than0-7 mm wide,at leasttheinner linearto linear-spathulate,mostly flat
29 At leastthe innerleavesmucronateor mucronulate
30 Leavespungentlymucronate; scapesnotmore than 5 cm; bracteolesabsentorreduced 30. juniperifolia 30 Leaves not pungent; scapes more than5 cm; bracteoles ± well-developed
31 Sheath notmorethan 15 mm 32 Capitula (12-)20-25 mm wide; leaves uniform; spikelet-stipe up to 2 mm; corolla usually white
27. leucocephala
32 Capitula not more than 20 mm wide; leaves dimorphic; spikelets sessile to shortly stipitate; corolla usually pinkish
33 Calyx-awns O-3-O-6 mm; scapes 18-32 cm; outer leaves 10-30 mm, subacute, mucronulate 18. filicaulis
33 Calyx-awns (0-5-)l-l- 5 mm; scapes 4-20 cm; outer leaves 30-50 mm, subobtuse, muticous 19. trachyphylla
31 Sheath 15-65 mm 34 Calyx-awns not more than 1 mm
35 Capitula 8-10(-13)mm wide, becoming hard in fruit; outer involucral bracts with wide scarious margins 12. langei
35 Capitula 1O-2O(-3O) mm wide, not hard in fruit; outer involucral bracts with narrow scarious margins 8. alliacea
34 Calyx-awns 1-4 mm
36 Calyx-awns 2-4 mm; outer involucral bracts ± contracted, cuspidate-spinescent 14. transmontana
36 Calyx-awns not more than 2 mm; outer involucral bracts ± acuminate
37 Spikelets usually subsessile; leaves usually more than
3 mm wide, lanceolate to linear-spathulate; capitula 10-20(-30) mm wide; bract almost as long as calyx 8. alliacea
37 Spikelets stipitate; inner leaves 1- 5-3 mm wide, linear; capitula 20-35 mm wide; bract at least as long as calyx 4. rumelica
29 At least the inner leaves muticous 38 Sheath not more than 15 mm 39 Outerinvolucralbractslongerthantheinner,acuminatecuspidate
40 Calyx-awns 1-1- 5 mm 9. ruscinonensis
40 Calyx-awns not more than 1 mm
41 Capitula 15-25 mm; leaves all similar, entire
1. maritima
41 Capitula 10-12 mm; leaves dimorphic, the outer
± undulate-denticulate 7. denticulata
39 Outer involucral bracts shorter than or as long as the inner, usually mucronate to muticous
42 Herb; stock short, with short branches
43 Leaves all similar, or somewhat unequal but not dimorphic, with at most very narrow scarious margins; outer involucral bracts with narrow scarious margins
44 Calyx-awns absent or not more than 1 mm; spikeletbract nearly as long as or longer than calyx; leaves not becoming coriaceous 1. maritima
44 Calyx-awns 1-1- 5 mm; spikelet-bract shorter than calyx; leaves becoming coriaceous 9. ruscinonensis
43 Leaves dimorphic, at least the outer with wide scarious margins; outer involucral bracts with wide scarious margins
45 Outer involucral bracts acuminate-cuspidate; scapes up to 50 cm; corolla usually white 3. undulata
45 Outer involucral bracts ± acute, muticous or mucronate; scapes not more than 20(-25) cm;
corolla usually pink to purple 2. canescens
42 Dwarf shrub; stock woody, stout, dense, muchbranched
46 Scapes not more than 15 cm
47 Calyx-awns 1-1- 5 mm; outer involucral bracts as long as the inner 9. ruscinonensis
47 Calyx-awns not more than 1 mm; outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner
48 Plant usually velutinous; outer involucral bracts with narrow, scarious margins, mucronate to
± cuspidate (coastal) 32. pubigera
48 Plant glabrous or ±puberulent; outer involucral bracts with wide scarious margins, muticous or mucronate (mountains)
49 Spikelets usually sessile or subsessile; outer involucral bracts suborbicular to ovate-acuminate
31. splendens 49 Spikelets stipitate; outer involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate
50 Calyx-awns not more than 0-5 mm, usually scarcely distinct from the lobe; leaves 0-7-
l-5(-2)mm wide; capitula 10-15(-18)mm
wide 28. multiceps 50 Calyx-awns 0-5-1 mm; leaves 1 -5-5 mm wide;
capitula (15-)18-30 mm wide 1. maritima 46 Scapes more than 15 cm
51 Outer involucral bracts muticous or mucronulate;
calyx 5-6 mm; spikelets sessile or subsessile
52 Leaves not papillose, the inner 1 -1-2 mm wide
26. sardoa 52 Leaves papillose, the inner c. 2 mm wide 29. soleirolii 51 Outer involucral bracts acuminate-cuspidate or mucronate; calyx 6-8 mm; spikelets ± stipitate
53 Calyx-awns 1-1-5 mm 9. ruscinonensis 53 Calyx-awns not more than 1 mm
54 Plant usually velutinous 32. pubigera 54 Plant glabrous or puberulent 1. maritima 38 Sheath at least 15 mm
55 Outerinvolucralbractslongerthanthe inner
56 Involucral bracts and leaves velutinous 11. vestita 56 Involucral bracts glabrous; leaves glabrous, cibate or puberulent
57 Outer involucral bracts obtuse, with wide scarious margins; capitula becoming hard in fruit; calyx-tube with secondary ribs glabrous or less hirsute than primary ribs 20. littoralis 57 Outer involucral bracts acuminate, with narrow scarious margins; capitula not becoming hard in fruit; calyx-tube pubescent, or hirsute on both primary and secondary ribs
58 Leaves acute or subacute, usually few 8. alliacea 58 Leaves obtuse or subobtuse, numerous
59 Calyx-awns absent or not more than 1 mm; scapes straight or arcuate only at base 1. maritima 59 Calyx-awns 1 -1-5 mm; scapes arcuate or flexuous
9. ruscinonensis 55 Outer involucral bracts not longer than the inner
60 Calyx-awns at least 1 mm
61 Capitula not more than 14 mm wide, becoming hard in fruit; calyx 4-5-6- 5 mm; outer involucral bracts with wide scarious margins 21. duriaei 61 Capitula usually more than 14 mm wide, not becoming hard in fruit; calyx 6-12 mm; outer involucral bracts with narrow scarious margins
62 Scapes not more than 20 cm; outer involucral bracts at least as long as the inner; usually a dwarf shrub with the stock often long-branched; leaves becoming coriaceous 9. ruscinonensis 62 Scapes at least 25 cm; outer involucral bracts not longer than the inner; herb with shortly branched stock; leaves not becoming coriaceous
63 Inner leaves 1-2 mm wide, linear, subobtuse; outer involucral bracts usually acuminate-cuspidate,
the inner mucronulate or muticous, with wide scarious margins 2. canescens 63 Leaves at least 3 mm wide, lanceolate to linearspathulate, subacute; outer involucral bracts
± contracted at apex, cuspidate-spinescent, the inner subacute to emarginate, mucronatespinescent, with narrow scarious margins 13. villosa 60 Calyx-awns not more than 1 mm
64 Capitula at least 15 mm wide
65 Dwarf shrub, usually velutinous 32. pubigera 65 Herb, glabrous, cibate or puberulent
66 Calyx-tube hirsute only on primary ribs; leaves dimorphic, the outer 3—10 mm wide; outer involucral bracts much shorter than the inner
5. sancta
66 Calyx-tube pubescent throughout, or hirsute only on ribs; leaves all similar or slightly dimorphic;
outer involucral bracts slightly shorter than to as long as the inner
67 Leaves usually not more than 4 mm wide, usually obtuse, linear to linear-spathulate; outer involucral bracts with narrow scarious margins
1. maritima
67 Leaves (3—)4—14 mm wide, acute, the outer lanceolate-spathulate; outer involucral bracts with wide scarious margins 8. alliacea
64 Capitula not more than 15 mm wide
68 Capitula not becoming hard in fruit; outer involucral bracts with narrow scarious margins 1. maritima
68 Capitula becoming hard in fruit; outer involucral bracts with wide scarious margins
69 Sheath 40-60 mm, lax (on serpentine and dolomite) 12. langei
69 Sheath not more than 30 mm, appressed (on schist and granite)
70 Calyx-awns 0-3-0-6 mm; leaves subobtuse; corolla white or pale pinkish 20. littoralis
70 Calyx-awns at least 0-7 mm; leaves usually acute or subacute; corolla pink, rarely white 21. duriaei
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