Simocephalus (Echinocaudus) expinosus ( De Geer, 1778 )

CHATTERJEE, TAPAS, KOTOV, ALEXEY A., DAMME, KAY VAN, CHANDRASEKHAR, S. V. A. & PADHYE, SAMEER, 2013, An annotated checklist of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from India, Zootaxa 3667 (1), pp. 1-89 : 21-22

(37) Simocephalus (Echinocaudus) expinosus ( De Geer, 1778)

Indian records. Andhra Pradesh — Chandrasekhar (2004a); Assam — Biswas (1980), Sharma S (2008b); Bihar —Sharma B.K. & Sharma S. (2001); Jammu & Kashmir— Raina & Vass (1993), Nath (1994), Dar et al. (2002); Jharkhand — Chandrasekhar & Chatterjee (2008); Karnataka — Patil & Gouder (1988), Rajshekhar et al. (2009); Kerala —Subash Babu & Nayar, (2004); Madhya Pradesh — Mishra (2005); Meghalaya — Patil (1976), Michael & Sharma B.K. (1988), Sharma B.K. & Sharma S. (1999); Punjab — Battish (1983); Rajasthan —Michael & Sharma B.K. (1988), Sharma V. et al. (2012); Tamil Nadu — Raghunathan & Suresh Kumar (2002, 2009), Sivakumar & Altaff (2004); Tripura — Venkataraman & Das (2000); West Bengal —Sharma B.K. (1978), Venkataraman et al. (2000), Michael & Sharma B.K. (1988), Venkataraman & Das (1993), Chandrasekhar (1998a), Venkataraman (1998c), Sharma B.K. (1978), Sinha & Khan (2000), Venkataraman & Das (2001), Chandrasekhar & Chatterjee (2002), Khan (2003), Ganesan & Khan (2008), Patra et al. (2011); General record— Fernando & Kanduru (1984), Sharma B.K. & Michael (1987), Murugan et al. (1998), Raghunathan & Suresh Kumar (2003).

Remarks. Valid species, probably described from Europe; no type locality is indicated in the first description ( De Geer 1778). Simocephalus vamani Rane 1985 distinctly refers to Simocephalus exspinosus (Sharma B.K. & Sharma S. 1990; Orlova-Bienkowskaja 2001). Note that Indian populations described by Michael & Sharma B.K. (1988) probably belong to the S. congener instead of S. exspinosus .

Distribution. “Many authors assume this species to be cosmopolitan, but its range clearly needs to be redefined. It occurs with certainty in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia ” ( Orlova-Bienkowskaja 2001).

Simocephalus (Echinocaudus) gajareae Rane, 1986

Type locality. "Balsager tank behind medical college, c. 7 km. s/w on Shahpura Road" Jabalpur , India ( Rane, 1986a) .

Indian records. Madhya Pradesh — Rane (1986a).

Remarks. Junior synonym of S. acutirostratus (Sharma B.K. & Sharma S. 1990; Orlova-Bienkowskaja 2001)