Urupelma machiguenga, Kaderka, Lüddecke, Rezac, Rezacova and Hüsser, 2023

Radan Kaderka, Tim Lüddecke, Milan Řezáč, Veronika Řezáčová & Martin Hüsser, 2023, Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History 57 (41 - 44), pp. 1710-1824 : 1782-1788

Urupelma machiguenga sp. n.

( Figures 45– 52 , 78E ; Tables 17 , 18 , 24 )

Types

Male holotype ( MUSM-ENT 0513029 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención province, Echarati , 1075 m a .s .l., 10 .X .2018, R. Kaderka col .; female paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513027 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Echarati , 1069 m a .s .l., 10 .X .2018, R. Kaderka col .; female paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513028 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Echarati , 1069 m a .s .l., 10 .X .2018, R. Kaderka col .; female paratype ( MUSM-ENT 0513030 ) from Peru, Cusco, Convención, Echarati , 1075 m a .s .l., 10 .X .2018, R. Kaderka col.

Etymology

The specific name refers to the Arawak language native to the Amazon rainforest in central and southern Peru and to the native tribe living along the lower Urubamba River.

Diagnosis

Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. differs from U. ashaninka sp. n., U. johannae sp. n., U. atarraz sp. n. and U. megantonianum sp. n. in the absence of urticating setae of type IV (only type III are present).

The males of U. machiguenga sp. n. differs from all congeners in the presence of short and stout embolus with well-developed PI and developed R keel, PS keel is absent ( Figure 48 ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on male tibia I, basally fused, both with short spine. Palpal tibia retrolaterally without a cluster of short spiniform setae, the retrolateral process is absent. Males of U. machiguenga sp. n. differ from U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n. in having R keel developed and less developed TP in palpal bulb (weakly developed R keel and the presence of well-developed TP in palpal bulbs of U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n.).

Distribution and natural history

Known only from the type locality in Peru, Cusco, Convención province, Echarati ( Figures 76 , 77 ) . In that locality, the spiders were found under stones.

MALE (MUSM-ENT 0513029): ( Figures 45–48 ) Total length: 19.58, carapace length 8.83, width 7.94, chelicerae with 10 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 46C ) AME 0.33 (circular), ALE 0.42 (oval), PME 0.34 (oval), PLE 0.38 (oval), AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.53, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.13, AME-PME 0.06, OQ length 0.78, width 1.40. Ocular tubercle length 1.04, width 1.40, clypeus narrow, length 0.078. Fovea transverse, procurved, deep, width 0.94, 6.14 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.23, width 1.58, anterior half with 59 cuspules, maxillae with 159–172 cuspules in basal half. Ventral maxilla without short spiniform setae. Coxa I prolaterally covered with short spiniform setae. Sternum length 4.59, width 3.71, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.51, 0.36 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.26, 0.22 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.20, 0.21 from edge of sternum). Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Incrassate leg segments: incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 80%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 25%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I undivided, tarsal scopulae II–III divided by a longitudinal line of setae, tarsal scopulae IV divided by a longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on left leg (prolateral/ retrolateral row): I 3/2, II 2/3, III 3/2, IV 3/4. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I d 0-1-3, II d 0-2-3, III d 0-4-2, IV d 0-0-2 and femora of palps d 0-0-1; patellae I v 0-0-3, II v 0-0-1, III p 0-2-0, IV 0 and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 2-1-1-1 (apical), p 0-1-1, II v 2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, III v 2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 2-2-3 (apical), p 0- 1-1, r 1-1-1 and tibiae of palps p 1-2-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), p 1-0-0, II v 2-1-1 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 2-2-3 (apical), p 2-1-1, r 1-1-1, IV v 3-1-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 1-1-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figure 48 , embolus short and stout with three keels, PI, A and R keel, PI keel apically subtriangular, A keel transparent, R keel well developed. Tegulum with short basal conical apophysis. Retrolateral lobe of cymbium covered with short spiniform setae. Prolateral cymbial lobe larger than retrolateral one. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia without subapical protuberance ( Figure 47A ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 47B ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short apical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, retrolateral spine. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts the retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis.

Abdomen: ( Figure 46D, E ) urticating setae of type III are located in a central patch. Size of the patch: length 2.95, width 3.56. PLS: length 3.46, basal segment 1.61, middle segment 0.86, apical segment 0.99, all digitiform. PMS: 1.04.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 45 ) carapace, coxae and trochantera covered with golden pubescence, femora dark grey, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two equal longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Abdomen dark brown intermixed with long pale setae, central patch darker than the rest of abdomen. Ventral view: maxillae, labium, sternum reddish brown, sparsely covered with covering setae, legs brown, ventral abdomen yellowish brown, except for paler booklungs. Spinnerets dark grey.

FEMALE (MUSM-ENT 0513027): ( Figures 49 , 51 , 52C–F ) Total length: 30.01, carapace length 11.48, width 9.63, chelicerae with 10–11 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 51C ) AME 0.45 (circular), ALE 0.44 (oval), PME 0.39 (oval), PLE 0.40 (oval), AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.78, PME-PLE 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.18, AME-PME 0.10, OQ length 0.91, width 1.69. Ocular tubercle: length 1.35, width 1.69, clypeus narrow, length 0.208. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.77, 7.58 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.70, width 2.24, anterior half with 86 cuspules, maxillae with 272–277 cuspules in basal half and without short spiniform setae in apical half. Sternum length 5.80, width 4.72, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.68, 0.62 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.31, 0.40 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.18, 0.51 from edge of sternum). Cuspules on labiosternal suture joined. Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. All leg segments uniform.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 95%, metatarsi II 60%, metatarsi III 25%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I integral, II divided by a line of longitudinal setae, III divided by a narrow band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by a wide band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on right legs (prolateral/ retrolateral row): I 4/4, II 3/3, III 3/3, IV 2/3. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II d 0-0-1, III d 0-0-1, IV d 0-0-1 and femora of palps d 0-0-1, patellae III p 0-1-0, tibiae I v 0-1-1 (apical), II v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 0-1-4 (apical), p 1- 1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 2-1-2 (apical), r 0-1-0 and tibiae of palps v 1-1-3 (apical), metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-1-1 (apical), III v 2-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 2-2-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0- 1-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Spermathecae: ( Figure 52C–F ) two separated oval seminal receptacles with sub-basal constriction and SBE, which are not fused.

Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in oval central patch. Length of the central patch: 5.38, width 5.62. PLS: length 5.72, basal segment 2.34, middle segment 1.64, apical segment 1.74, all digitiform. PMS: 1.46.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 49 ) carapace brown, lateral and posterior edge of carapace thicky covered with pale setae, cephalus domed and sparsely covered with protruding setae, thorax lighter than cephalus, chelicerae covered with light brown setae, coxae and trochantera covered with pale setae, femora black with light violet irridescence, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two almost equal parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Palpal femur prolaterally partly bare. Femur I prolaterally without spiniform setae in basal half. Abdomen ( Figure 49 ) dark brown with long pale setae, more concentrated in the area of urticating setae. Ventral view: maxillae, labium, sternum, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Abdomen ventrally brown, except for the anterior and posterior booklungs which are yellowish brown. Spinnerets brown.

Variability

The variability in the shape of spermathecae is shown in Figure 52 .

Figures

Figure 45. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, Echarati, habitus of mature male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513029). Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 46. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513029) from Peru, Cusco, La Convención, Echarati, 1075 m a.s.l. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D. Abdomen, dorsal view. E. Abdomen, ventral view. F. Labium and left maxilla, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 47. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513029) from Peru, Cusco, La Convención, Echarati, 1075 m a.s.l. A. Palpal tibia,retrolateral view. Arrow shows short spiniform setae. B. Tibia I, ventrally-prolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 48. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513029) from Peru, Cusco, La Convención, Echarati, 1075 m a.s.l., morphology of right palpal bulb. A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 49. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, Echarati, habitus of female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027). Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 50. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. from Peru, Cusco, Echarati, habitus of immature female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513030). Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 51. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D. Labium and left maxilla, ventral view. E. Colouration of epigyne, ventral view. F. Abdomen, dorsal view. G. Abdomen, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 52. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., female spermathecae with two seminal receptacles, terminating with rounded lobes. A. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513030) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 9.15). B. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513030) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 9.79). C. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 7.86). D. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 9.00). E–F. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 12.06). E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513028) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from exuvia (car. 8.59). H. Female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027) from Peru, Cusco, Echarati. Spermathecae dissected from specimen in alcohol, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka.

Figure 76. Distribution map of Urupelma gen. n. from Peru. Prepared by M. Hüsser.

Figure 77. Distribution map of Urupelma spp. from Urubamba River Valley, Cusco, Peru, showing highly diversified populations and so-called ‘high mountain insularisation̍ caused by geographical barriers and restricted gene flow. Red square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n. from Santa Teresa, Cusco; white square = Urupelma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) and Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n. from Santa María, Cusco; yellow square = Urupelma machiguenga sp. n. from Echarati, Cusco; green square = Urupelma veronicae sp. n. from Abra Málaga near Nevado Veronica, Cusco; pink square = Urupelma dianae sp. n. from between Phiry near Ollantaytambo and Abra Málaga, Cusco. Scale bar: 10 km. Prepared by R. Kaderka.

Figure 78. Urticating setae types found in single species of Urupelma gen. n. A. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025). B. Urupelma sanctimariae sp. n., juvenile specimen of female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513025) with carapace length 1.9 mm. C. Urupelma sanctitheresae sp. n., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0513021). D. Urupelma veronicae sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0511154). E. Urupelma machiguenga sp. n., female paratype (MUSM-ENT 0513027). F. Urupelma johannae sp. n., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514015). Prepared by R. Kaderka.