Gryllacrididae Blanchard, 1845

Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., 2019, A proposal towards classification of the Raspy Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) with zoogeographical comments: An initial contribution to the higher classification of the Gryllacridines, Zootaxa 4605 (1), pp. 1-100 : 9-10

Family Gryllacrididae Blanchard, 1845

Diagnosis: Size small to large (5–50 mm. aprox.). Slender or stout body ( Figs. 3 and 4 ); antennae significanly longer than body length; antennal space 1.5 to three times as wide as the antennal scape; eyes ovoid, ocelli with diverse degrees of development, lateral ocelli usually present; central ocellum can be present or not; if present, of varying degrees of development and color ( Figs. 5 and 6 ). Wing development variable (wingless, subapterous, brachypterous and macropterous) ( Figs. 3 and 4 ). If wings are present, tegmina and hind wings membranous (tegminal stridulation absent, femoro-abdominal stridulation does occur in some species) ( Fig. 7 ); tarsi of all legs soft and depressed ( Figs. 8–10 ), mid and fore tibiae with spines, varying in size from little developed to prominent, fore tibiae hearing organs absent ( Figs. 11 and 12 ). Male terminalia with several structural variations, in the tenth tergite, epiproctus, cerci and subgenital plate ( Figs. 16–19 ). Ovipositor elongated and with varying degrees of curvature.

Taxa included: Subfamilies Hyperbaeninae n. subf. and Gryllacridinae n. sensu.

Comments: Subfamily Lezininae is back to the family Anostostomatidae , such as Gorochov (2001 a), proposed, as it has characters which associate it more to that family than with Gryllacrididae , such as the presence of tympani in the first pair of tibiae and the outer side of hind femora with only traces of chevron ridges. Chevrons are one of the synapomorphic characters that define anostostomatides and which is absent in gryllacridines, as are the tympani on fore tibiae.

Genera established by Karny (1937) were delimited mostly by similarities (and differences) on wing venation ( Rentz & John, 1990; Hale & Rentz, 2001, Ingrisch, 2018), which gave rise to a large number of genera with no grouping whatsoever and with affiliation problems even within genera. So, several species of a genus can be grouped in other genera and other genera could be synonyms of others. Genera not grouped here are so because there is no information about the species in them contained. Once this information becomes available, their location and validity would be established.

The following classification was based on the characters of type species of genera and of the greater possible number of species within them. During this review, it was evident that several genera need to be reviewed and redelimited, and that consistent morphological characters for determination must be established. For now, the characters suggested by Rentz & John (1990) and Ingrisch (2018), are proposed, including terminalia, which can supply a better delimitation of species and genera.

Two subfamilies and ten tribes are suggested below, which are described without the characters previously mentioned in the family diagnosis, besides a key to the separation of the taxa of the classification is hereby proposed.

Figures

FIGURES 3–19. Diagnostic characters to family Gryllacridinae. 3. Habitus to a typical Hyperbaeninae. 4. Habitus to a typical apterus Gryllacridinae. 5. Frons with wide space between antennal sockets, and little developed frontal o<cellus. 6. Frons with normal space between antennal sockets and well developed frontal ocellus. 7. Membranosus tegmina. 8–9. Tarsomeres in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. 11 and 12. Fore tibia with little and well developed spines on ventral edge. 13– 15. Hind femur typical to 13. Hyperbaeninae taxa, 14. Gryllacridini 15. Progryllacridini and Ametroidini taxa. 16–19. Variations on male terminalia in the gryllacridines.