Thiodininae Simon, 1901

Ruiz, Gustavo R. S. & Maddison, Wayne P., 2015, The new Andean jumping spider genus Urupuyu and its placement within a revised classification of the Amycoida (Araneae: Salticidae), Zootaxa 4040 (3), pp. 251-279 : 274

Subfamily Thiodininae Simon, 1901

Thiodineae Simon, 1901: 454 (Type genus: Thiodina Simon, 1900 ).

Hyetusseae Simon, 1903: 859 (Type genus: Hyetussa Simon, 1902 ), NEW SYNONYMY. Arachnomureae Mello-Leitão, 1917 (Type genus: Arachnomura Mello-Leitão, 1917 ), NEW SYNONYMY.

Monophyly: Members of this group, formerly known as the Hyetusseae, are united by the male chelicerae being excavated on the inner edge, similar to the euophryines Mexigonus Edwards and Pensacola Peckham & Peckham. Some species (e.g., cf. Arachnomura sp. “HTCHV” and cf. Arachnomura sp. “HTLIN”) in life wave black-tipped front legs like ant-mimicking salticids, though their bodies do not appear particularly ant-like, whereas others (e.g. Atomosphyrus ) are more convincing mimics. The placement of Atomosphyrus within the thiodinines, suggested by the excavated male chelicerae (see Galiano 1966b: fig. 13) indicates a third origin of ant mimicry, independently from the sarindines and simonellines.

Agelista and Titanattus are closely related to each other, sharing similar palps and body forms, including the posterior eye row on elevations of the carapace. They also have modified tips of front legs and slight ant-mimic behavior, similar to what is observed in other thiodinines. On the strength of 28S, the combined molecular data puts Titanattus (and implicitly the very similar Agelista ) not with thiodinines ( Fig. 37 ), but embedded within the sarindines. However, the individual 16SND1 ( Fig. 41 ) and actin 5C ( Fig. 43 ) analyses disagree. Based on this and the presence of excavated chelicerae and other similarities, we place them tentatively in the Thiodininae ( Fig. 36 ). Future work may clarify whether this makes the group paraphyletic or polyphyletic, and how to correct it.

Figures

FIGURE 36. Summary of molecular phylogeny results. Numbers show likelihood bootstrap percentages, in format <chimera analysis> / <non-chimera analysis> (<analysis without Nilakantha and Gypogyna>).

FIGURES 37 – 38. Maximum likelikhood phylogenies from Chimera and Non-chimera matrices, combined 5 gene analyses. Numbers show likelihood bootstrap % for Amycoids only; in parenthesis are bootstrap percentages for analysis without Nilakantha and Gypogyna (shown for deep amycoid branches only). Rectangles at nodes indicate bootstrap support in parsimony analysis (filled rectangle at least 75 %; open 50 % to 74 %). Sites partitioned as per PartitionFinder analysis.

FIGURES 39 – 43. Maximum likelihood phylogenies from analyses on individual genes.