Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015

Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička & Chiun-Cheng Ko, 2018, The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 407, pp. 1-33 : 22-23

Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015

Figs 3G–H , 4D, J , 5G–H, P , 6L , 8

Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015: 244 .

Diagnosis

This species is similar to Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky, 1999 in possessing unmargined lateral sides of pronotum, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: reddish-brown to brown body and legs; aedeagus: wider and more rounded paramere and wider basal part of median lobe.

Material examined

Holotype ( Fig. 3G ) TAIWAN: ♂, Malunshan , 1167 m, 24°11′30″ N, 121°1′10″ E, 4 Apr. 2013, ex larva, Y. Hsiao leg. ( NMNS).

Paratype TAIWAN: 1 ex., same data as for holotype ( NMNS).

Other material

TAIWAN: 1 ♀, Fushan , Ilan Co., 29 May 1995, light trap, site C, 2000, A. Warneke leg. ( TFRI) ; 1 ♂, Tengchih, Kaoshiang , 18 Aug. 2008, C.-T. Yao leg. ( TARI) ; 1 ♀, Ssumahsien Trail , Miaoli, 9 Jul. 2011, Y.-L. Lin leg. ( TARI) ; 1 ♀, Fenchihu , Chiayi, 4 Sep. 2012, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI) ; 1 ♂, Dalulintao [= Dalu Forest Trail], Wufeng , Hsinchu, 1 Jul. 2017, Y.-L. Lin leg. ( YHC).

Supplementary description of male

ABDOMEN. Abdominal ventrite V subtruncate, with lateral sides somewhat rounded, terminal margin slightly emarginate in middle ( Fig. 4J ); sternite VIII concave in middle of apical edge, forming two roundly angular lobes on both sides, densely pubescent apically ( Fig. 5H ); sternite IX without spiculum gastrale on apical edge ( Fig. 5P ); tergite VIII without median strut on apical edge, emarginate in middle, moderately pubescent apically ( Fig. 5G ); tergite IX and X completely fused, rounded apically, densely pubescent on apical edge ( Fig. 5P ).

Supplementary description of female ( Fig. 3H )

MAESUREMENTS. Length: 10.90–13.00 mm; width: 2.95–3.35 mm.

BODY. Similar to males.

HEAD. Eyes smaller than in male, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0:1.6–2.0. Antennae shorter in male, when directed backwards extending the posterior edge of pronotum, antennomere XI ca 3.3–4.0 times as long as maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 2.00:1.00:2.30:2.00:2.10:2.00: 1.90: 2.00:2.10: 2.00: 2.85.

PRONOTUM. Ca 1.5 times as wide as length, ca 1.7–1.8 times as wide as head.

ELYTRA. Slightly wider than in male, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.6–2.7 times width.

OVIPOSITOR. Paraproct elongate, ca 2.7–3.0 times length of coxite, sides straight and subparallel; proctiger subtruncate.

Notes

Although this species was described as having elytral striae in the basal half of the elytron, we discovered that the elytral striae are noticeable on the entire elytron ( Fig. 4D ) or indistinct in some specimens. Besides, elytral striae on each elytron vary from 4–7 traces in this species. On the other hand, we examined one specimen having narrower apical half of paramere than the holotype ( Fig. 6L ). After examination of the external morphological characters and the median lobe of the aedeagus, and in consideration of the intraspecific variation of other synchroids, we herein conclude that it is conspecific with S. formosana .

Distribution

Taiwan ( Fig. 8 ).

Figures

Fig. 3. Habitus, dorsal view. A–B. Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838. C–D. S. melanotoides Lewis, 1895. E–F. S. chinensis Nikitsky, 1999. G–H. S. formosana Hsiao, 2015. I. S. elongatula Nikitsky, 1999. J–K. Synchroina tenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898. L. Thescelosynchroa pangu (Hsiao, Li, Liu & Pang, 2016) gen. et comb.nov.A, C, E, G, I, J, L = ♂. B, D, F, H, K = ♀. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Fig. 4. Elytron and abdominal ventrite V. A–F. Elytron. G–L. Abdominal ventrite V of ♂♂. — A, G. Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838. B, H. S. melanotoides Lewis, 1895. C, I. S. chinensis Nikitsky, 1999. D, J. S. formosana Hsiao, 2015.E, K. S. elongatula Nikitsky, 1999. F, L. Synchroinatenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 5. Abdominal sternite VIII–IX and tergite VIII–X of ♂♂. A, C, E, G, I, K. Abdominal tergite VIII. B, D, F, H, J, L. Abdominal sternite VIII. M–R. Abdominal sternite IX, and fused tergite IX and X. — A–B, M. Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838. C–D, N. S. melanotoides Lewis, 1895. E–F, O.S.chinensisNikitsky, 1999.G–H,P.S.formosana Hsiao,2015.I–J,Q. S.elongatulaNikitsky,1999. K–L, R. Synchroinatenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 6. Aedeagus. A–E. Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838. F–I. S. melanotoides Lewis, 1895. J–K. S. chinensis Nikitsky, 1999. L. S. formosana Hsiao, 2015. M–N. S. elongatula Nikitsky, 1999. O–P. Synchroina tenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898. Q–R. Thescelosynchroa pangu (Hsiao, Li, Liu & Pang, 2016) gen. et comb. nov. — A–C, F–G, J, L–M, O, Q. Dorsal view. D–E, H–I, K, N, P, R. Lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 8. Distribution map of Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015 from Taiwan.