Baccharis nebularis G. Heiden

Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas, Phytotaxa 241 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

3. Baccharis nebularis G. Heiden in Heiden & Pirani (2014: 126). Type:— BRAZIL. Paraná: Guaratuba, Serra de Araçatuba, Morro dos Perdidos , cume, 25° 53' 21 "S, 48° 57' 28 "W, 1,411 m, 17 December 2010, ♀, G. Heiden, J. R. V. Iganci, J. M. da Silva & J. M. Vaz 1449 (holotype SPF!; isotypes FLOR!, K!, MBM!, RB!, US!) .

Illustration: — Heiden & Pirani (2014: 126). Fig. 7 , 8 .

TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

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Shrubs 0.5–2 m tall, erect; fertile shoots ascending, dichotomously branched. Stems brown, shoots tomentose. Leaves 1.2–5 cm long, 0.7–2 cm wide, leaves crowded at the distal part of the branches; petioles 2–18 mm long; leaf blade indurate, obovate to elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronulate, base acute, margins entire or with 1–3 pairs of teeth, flat; leaves basally 3-nerved, acrodromous imperfect, with a secondary semicraspedodromous reticulum, adaxial surface with a caducous lanose indumentum, abaxial surface with a

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HEIDEN & PIRANI persistent felted indumentum. Capitulescences terminal; corymbs 3–6.5 cm long, 3.3–6.8 cm wide. Capitula pedunculate; peduncles 0.7–2.5 cm long, tomentose. Male capitula 4.7–6 mm long; involucre 4–5 mm long, 7–9.6 mm wide, cup-shaped; phyllaries 3–4-seriate, light green, outer and median ovate, inner linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex rounded, pilose, glabrescent; clinanthium plane, nearly glabrous, with scarce biseriate trichomes; florets 34–45; corollas 3–3.6 mm long, tube 1.6–1.9 mm long, throat 0.7–0.9 mm, lobes 0.7–0.8 mm long, biseriate hairs on the lobes; anthers fulvous, 2.3–2.7 mm long; style 2.3–2.9 mm long; ovary abortive, 0.3–0.5 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, covered by biseriate and twin trichomes; pappus 3.3–3.7 mm long, bristles 18–22, flexuous, apically broadened. Female capitula 6.7–8.5 mm long; involucre 4.2–5.5 mm long, 7.3–9.9 mm wide, campanulate; phyllaries 4–5-seriate, light green, outer ones elliptic, median ovate, inner ones oblanceolate, margins

TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

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entire, apex rounded, pilose, glabrescent; clinanthium plane, nearly glabrous, with scarce flagelliform trichomes; florets 26–44; corollas 2.8–3 mm long; style 3.9–4.2 mm long, branches 0.3–0.5 mm long. Cypselae 1.2–1.4 mm long, 0.4–0.8 mm wide, brown, puberulous, evenly covered by twin trichomes, oblong, 8–10-ribbed; pappus multiseriate, 2.9–3.2 mm long; bristles 32–48, slightly broadened apically. Chromosome number unknown.

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the habitat in cloud forest thickets amidst high altitude grasslands.

Distribution and habitat:— Baccharis nebularis occurs in southern Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina states) and is restricted to the summits of the peaks of the southernmost range of Serra do Mar, at elevations between 1400 and 1700 m a.s.l. (Fig. 4). It grows in patches of moist high altitude tropical grasslands mixed with cloud forest thickets, forming sparse populations, in the buffer zone between the ombrophilous dense forest and the high altitude subtropical highland grasslands of the Atlantic province.

Phenology:— Fertile specimens have been collected from August to late December, with a flowering peak between October and November.

Conservation status: —Near threatened (NT, Heiden & Pirani 2014). It is known to occur in a few non-protected primary areas and seems not to persist in secondary and anthropogenous environments. Some populations along the range of distribution could become locally extinct, while others are recorded from hardly accessible places, out of reach of strong anthropogenic pressure. As habitat quality is decreasing and habitat loss is increasing along its naturally fragmented range, the species should be monitored and the category Vulnerable could be applied in the near future.

Vernacular names: —Unknown.

Comments: — Baccharis nebularis resembles the allopatric B. chionolaenoides due to the densely branched habit with leaves crowded in branch apices. However, B. nebularis is more closely related to the parapatric B. curitybensis . The studied specimens of B. nebularis were previously determined in herbaria as B. curitybensis . The two species have in common similar 3-nerved, entire or dentate leaves, corymbose capitulescences, cup-shaped male and campanulate female capitula, pappus bristles of male florets broadened apically and cypselae covered by twin trichomes, but can be differentiated as shown in the key.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. PARANÁ: Campina Grande do Sul , Morro Camapuã, 9 September 1999, ♂, E . Barbosa, J.M. Silva & L.A. Ferreira 390 ( C, CTES, ESA, G, INPA, MBM); Pico Caratuva , 2 August 1967, 1950 m, ♂, G . Hatschbach 16829 ( MBM); 5 October 1967, G . Hatschbach 17322 ( CTES, K, MBM, MO, UPCB); ♂, 15 November 1967, G . Hatschbach 17845 ( HBR, MBM, UPCB); Serra do Capivari , 23 October 1997, ♂, C . V . Roderjan & A . P . Tramujas 1510 ( MBM, UPCB); Capivari Grande , 23 October 2001, ♂, E . Barbosa, O.S. Ribas & E. F . Costa 670 ( B, MBM); Serra do Ibitiraquire , 2 November 2001, ♂, A . Y . Mocochinski & M . Scheer 40 ( UPCB); Serra dos Órgãos, Morro Tucum , 19 November 1999, ♂, J . Cordeiro, J . M . Cruz & L . A . Ferreira 1643 ( B, CESJ, G, MBM, UFP). Guaratuba, Serra de Araçatuba , 9 November 1983, ♂, R . Kummrow 2391 ( GB, HBG, MBM, NY, UB, UPCB); 23 November 1996, ♂, E . P . Santos, H . M . Fernandes & C . M .S. Coimbra 297 ( MBM, UPCB); 1 December 1998, ♂, J . M . Silva , E. Barbosa & J. M . Cruz 2661 ( C, FLOR, G, HBG, HUEFS, K, MBM, NY, SPF); 25 February 2000, ♂, J . M . Silva , E. Barbosa & J. Cordeiro 3262 ( CESJ, ESA, HUEFS, MBM); 30 October 2003, ♂, J . M . Silva , E. lucas, F. F . Mazine & C . M . Sakuragui 3809 ( CORD, MBM, NY, SP); Morro dos Perdidos , cume, 25° 53' 21 "S, 48° 57' 28 "W, 1,411 m, 17 December 2010, ♀, G . Heiden, J . R .V. Iganci, J . M . da Silva & J. M . Vaz 1449 ( FLOR, K, MBM, RB, SPF, US); ♂, G . Heiden, J . R .V. Iganci, J . M . da Silva & J. M . Vaz 1450 ( MBM, RB, SPF, US); 9 November 1994, ♀, C . B . Poliquesi & J . M . Cruz 208 ( BHCB, HAS, MBM, UB); 9 September 2006, bud, G . O . Romão & A . P .T. Dantas 1676 ( BHCB, ESA, UEC); 29 October 2006, ♂, G . O . Romão, C . D. Rodrigues & A . P . Dantas 1496 ( BHCB, ESA, SPF, UEC); 23 November 1996, ♂, E . P . Santos, H . M . Fernandes & C . M .S. Coimbra 297 ( NY, UPCB). Quatro Barras, Morro Mãe Catira , 8 October 1985, ♀, R . Kummrow & J . M . Silva 2626 ( C, CORD, FLOR, GB, MBM, US); 31 October 1989, ♂, J . M . Silva & C. B . Poliquesi 655 ( MBM, SP). SANTA CATARINA: Campo Alegre, Serra do Quiriri , 19 November 1992, J . Cordeiro & C . B . Poliquesi 953 ( C, HUEFS, MBM, MO); 28 December 1999, ♀, J . Cordeiro, J . M . Silva , E. Barbosa & O. S . Ribas 1747 ( CTES, MBM). Garuva, Monte Crista , 6 October 1960, R . Reitz & R . M . Klein 10034 ( HBR, RB) .

II. Baccharis ser. Colliculatae G. Heiden , ser. nov. Type:— Baccharis patens Baker (1882: 52) .

Differs from all species of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides by its glabrous cypselae with colliculate surface.

Shoots patent. Leaves sessile, 1-nerved. Capitulescences racemose. Pappus bristles of male florets tortuous apically. Female corollas with a subapical wreath of trichomes. Cypselae 5–7-ribbed, glabrous, colliculate; pappus deciduous, multiseriate.

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HEIDEN & PIRANI

Baccharis ser. Colliculatae is assigned to B. sect. Tarchonanthoides due its life form and pappus of female florets not accrescent. The series is characterized by the glabrous cypselae with a colliculate surface, which is unique in the subgenus. The 1-nerved sessile leaves and female corollas with a subapical wreath of trichomes are also unique within B. sect. Tarchonanthoides . Baccharis patens , occurring in subtropical and temperate grasslands from Southern Brazil and Uruguay, was previously placed in B. sect. Canescentes by Giuliano (2005). It is the only known species to be assigned to this series and represents an isolated or relictual lineage.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Baccharis nebularis. A. Fertile shoot of pistillate plant. B. Leaves. C. Portion of tomentose peduncle. D. Male capitulum. E. Phyllaries of male capitulum (outer to inner). F. Male floret. G. Female capitulum. H. Phyllaries of female capitulum (outer to inner). I. Female floret. J. Corolla and style of female floret. K. Cypsela. A, C, G–K: Heiden 1449 (SPF). B (from left to right): Roderjan 1510 (MBM); Hatschbach 6835 (MBM); Kummrow 2626 (MBM); Santos 297 (MBM); Heiden 1449 (SPF). D–F: Heiden 1450 (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.

FIGURE 8. Baccharis nebularis. A. Habitat in moist high altitude tropical grasslands mixed with cloud forest thickets at Morro dos Perdidos, Serra de Araçatuba, Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil. B. Habit. C. Leaves. D. Male capitula. E. Female capitula. Photos by G. Heiden.