Baccharis phylicifolia Candolle (1836: 415)

Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas, Phytotaxa 241 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

12. Baccharis phylicifolia Candolle (1836: 415) [as “phylicaefolia”]. Lanugothamnus phylicifolius (DC.) Deble (2012: 13) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: s.d., ♂, F. Sellow s.n. = M. I. B. 491 (holotype P! (00755658); isotype G-DC! (G00200390), F! (979317, fragment)).

Baccharis anabelae (Deble) G. Heiden (2013: 2) . Lanugothamnus anabelae Deble (2012: 20) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul, São José dos Ausentes, cânion Monte Negro, 1000 m, 7 November 2005, ♀, L.P.Deble & A.S. Oliveira-Deble 4128 (holotype MBM; isotype SI!) .

Illustrations: —Malagarriga (1954: 19); Barroso (1976: 217); Malagarriga (1977: dessin 61); Deble (2012: 21, as L. anabelae ). Fig. 30 , 31 .

Shrubs 0.5–1 m tall, erect; fertile shoots virgate, branches axillary. Stems light brown, shoots tomentose. Leaves 0.5–2.5 cm long, 2–8 mm wide, sessile, evenly distributed along the branches; leaf blade thin to indurate, ovate to linear oblong, apex acute, rarely rounded, rounded, obtuse or subcordate, margins entire; leaves 1-nerved or basally 3-nerved, acrodromous imperfect, adaxial surface with a caducous, deciduous or persistent sericeous indumentum, abaxial surface with a persistent tomentose indumentum. Capitulescences corymbose, 2–20 cm long, 2–15 cm wide. Capitula sessile to pedunculate; peduncles 0.1–1 cm long, tomentose. Male capitula 4.3–5.7 mm long; involucre 3.6–4.5 mm long, 6.9–9.6 mm wide, campanulate; phyllaries 3-seriate, canescent, outer ones ovate, median ones oblong, inner ones linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, villose; clinanthium conical, pubescent, covered by filiform trichomes; florets 20–34; corollas 2.2–2.8 mm long, tube 1.2–1.4 mm long, throat 0.6–0.8 mm, lobes 0.4–0.8 mm long, biseriate trichomes on the throat and filiform trichomes on the lobes; anthers violet, 2.2–2.8 mm long; style 2.2–2.8 mm long; ovary abortive, 0.2–0.25 mm long, 0.15–0.2 mm wide, covered by filiform trichomes; pappus 3–4.1 mm long, bristles 42–62, tortuous, apically not broadened, with shortprotruding cell apices. Female capitula 6–8 mm long; involucre 5.7–6.6 mm long, 4.7–8.9 mm wide, turbinate to cylindrical; phyllaries 3–4-seriate, canescent, outer and median ones ovate, inner linear-oblanceolate, margins entire, apex acute, villose; clinanthium plane or slightly convex, pubescent, covered by filiform trichomes; florets 26–44; corollas 2.2–2.7 mm long; style 2.4–2.9 mm long, branches 0.2–0.3 mm long. Cypselae 0.8–1.1 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, light brown, pilose, evenly covered by twin trichomes, obconical, 5-ribbed; pappus 3.3–5.4 mm long, deciduous; bristles 94–110, not broadened apically, accrescent. Chromosome number unknown.

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Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of the leaves with the leaves of some species of the African genus Phylica L. ( Rhamnaceae ).

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Distribution and habitat: — Baccharis phylicifolia occurs in southeastern (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states) and southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states), known from several disjunct locations along the highlands of Serra da Mantiqueira, Planalto Paulista, and Serra Geral, at elevations between 900 and 2800 m a.s.l. (Fig. 29). It forms sparse populations in open and generally moist or seasonally

TAXONOMY OF BACCHARIS SUBGEN. TARCHONANTHOIDES

Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 55 flooded vegetation types, growing in patches of high altitude tropical and subtropical highland grasslands, in between the Ombrophilous Dense Forest and the Ombrophilous Mixed forest (with Araucaria ), along the Atlantic and Paranense provinces.

Phenology: —Fertile specimens have been collected from February to July, with a flowering peak between March and April.

Conservation status: —Near threatened (NT). Baccharis phylicifolia is known to occur in some nature reserves and in a few non-protected primary areas, and it seems not to persist in secondary and anthropized environments. Some populations along the range of distribution are at risk of becoming locally extinct, while habitat quality is decreasing and habitat loss is increasing along its naturally fragmented range. Regional state assessments are encouraged with the aim to keep the great variability found in populations preserved.

Vernacular names: —Vassourinha-das-turfeiras (Heiden & Iganci 1493).

Comments: —As discussed in the comments on Baccharis leucopappa and B. uleana , specimens of B. phylicifolia were mistakenly considered as B. leucopappa by Baker (1882), and merged in the circumscription of this species by subsequent authors, whilst the name B. phylicifolia was misapplied to specimens of B. uleana , a previously neglected name referring to a distinct species. The examination of the type specimens along with protologues and the study of additional specimens allowed us clarify the application of these three names in the current taxonomic study.

Deble (2012) described Lanugothamnus anabelae based on specimens collected in the highlands of the boundary between Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states. Heiden (2013) provided the combination B. anabelae for this taxon. Further study of the protologue, illustration and isotype picture of B. anabelae , along with additional specimens collected in the same area, allowed us to conclude that B. anabelae is conspecific with B. phylicifolia . In the protologue of B. anabelae, Deble (2012) compared the putative new species with B. phylicifolia ; however, the characters ascribed to B. phylicifolia by him reveal that this name was misapplied to specimens of B. uleana in that study.

Baccharis phylicifolia has a wide distribution with several disjunct areas. Due to the broad geographical range and geographic isolation among populations, leaf characteristics of shape, size, venation and persistence of the indumentum vary greatly along its entire geographical range. As observed in other species of B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides , capitulescence size, peduncle length and number of capitula per capitulescence may vary enormously within the same population and these traits are not correlated geographically.

Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. S . l., s.d., ♂ & ♀, F . Sellow 4445 ( K); ♂ & ♀, F . Sellow 4197 ( NY). MINAS GERAIS: Passa Quatro, Serra Fina, Pedra da Mina , 2664–2792 m, 15 May 2005, ♂, L . D. Meireles, J. A . Nunes & T. R . Cordeiro 1665 ( BHCB, RB, UEC); 7 June 2006, ♂, L . D. Meireles, J. A . Nunes & G. G . Castanho 2402 ( BHCB, RB, UEC). S .l., s.d., A.F.M. Glaziou 19522 ( C). PARANÁ: Palmas, Horizonte , 1303 m, 8 February 2011, bud, G . Heiden, J. M . Silva & J. Vaz 1582 ( SPF). RIO DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , 2330–2750 m, May 1950, ♀, A. C . Brade 20360 ( RB); 27 October 1927, A . Ginzberger 251 ( HBG); 9 July 1872, bud, A. F. M . Glaziou 5901 ( K, P); 21 January 1873, ♀, A. F. M . Glaziou 6594 ( C, G, K, MG, P); 13 April 2008, G . Heiden 999 ( RB); 14 April 1985, ♀, T. M . Lewinsohn s.n. ( UEC18146 ); 13 May 1906, ♀, L . Luederwaldt 1998 ( US); April 1921, ♀, P . Occhioni s.n. ( RB 16469 ); 26 March 1943, ♀, E . Pereira 2913 ( HB, RB); 4 April 2007, ♀, M. M . Saavedra et al. 372 ( ECT, RB); ♂, M. M . Saavedra et al. 374 ( ECT, RB); Pedra Assentada , 2200 m, 8 February 1945, ♂ & ♀, A. C . Brade 17418 ( MO, NY, RB); Retiro de Ramos , 2100 m, 8 July 1902, st., P. K. H . Dusén 648 ( S); 24 May 1902, ♀, P. K. H . Dusén 137 ( BHCB, HBG, R, S); s.d., st., E . Hemmendorff 613 ( R, S); Serra das Agulhas Negras, 28 February 1984, ♀, K . Kubitzki 84-25 ( HBG, NY); Serra do Itatiaia , 2000 m, March 1894, ♂, E . Ule 178 ( CORD, HBG, R); ♂, E . Ule 186 ( R); Serra da Mantiqueira , 3 March 1931, 2300 m, bud, ♂, R. W . Kaempfe 420 ( RB); 26 March 1943, E . Pereira 29 B ( HB). Resende, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , 1975, ♀, A. M . Camerik 130 ( RB); 3 April 1966, ♂, J. R . Coleman 376 ( K, SP, US); 6 February 1970, ♂, T . Koyama & P. G . Windisch 13700 ( SP, US); 2000 m, 25 May 1978, ♀, G . Martinelli 4552 ( RB, SI); March 1953, ♀, SERRA-I 244 ( NY, R); Prateleiras , 16 April 1967, ♀, J. C . Lindeman & J. H . Haas 5211 ( NY, UB). S . l., Vargem Grande, 2250 m, 23 May 1985, T. M . Lewinsohn & R. F . Monteiro 5100 ( UEC). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Bom Jesus, Serra da Rocinha , 1280 m, 11 January 1987, bud, D. B . Falkenberg, P . Berry & L . Brako 4193 & 4202 ( FLOR); 12 February 1941, ♂, B . Rambo 4616 ( PACA); 28 February 1946, ♂, B . Rambo 32411 ( LIL, SP); 14 February 1947, ♂, B . Rambo 35190 ( PACA); 18 January 1950, bud, B . Rambo 45325 ( CTES, LIL, PACA, SI); 3 February 1953, ♂, B . Rambo 53839 ( B, PACA); 1000 m, 18 January 1950, ♀, A . Sehnem 4244 ( B, PACA, SI); 7 February 1988, ♂, N . Silveira 6350 (HAS).

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Cambará do Sul , Aparados da Serra, 4 March 1965, ♂, R . Brescia & E . Marchesi 4241 ( MBM, MVFA); 5 February 1985, ♂, N . Silveira 1975 ( HAS); 28 March 1989, ♂, N . Silveira 9178 ( HAS); Fortaleza , 17 January 2011, bud, G . Heiden et al. 1540 ( SPF); 15 April 1993, ♂, G . Hatschbach, M . Hatschbach & J. M . Silva 58154 ( C, HBG, MBM, MO, NY); 11 February 1987, ♂, N . Silveira 4464 ( HAS); 17 January 2011, Itaimbezinho , 900 m, 16 March 2006, ♀, A. A . Schneider 1230 ( ICN); 924 m, 22 October 2012, ♂, G . Heiden et al. 1989 ( SPF); 1000 m, 30 January 1950, bud, B . Rambo 45583 ( LIL, PACA); Serra do Faxinal , 21 February 1951, ♂, B . Rambo 50131 ( C, LIL, PACA, SI, SP, US); ♀, B . Rambo 50132 ( CTES, LIL, PACA). São Francisco de Paula , 13 July 2002, st., J . Paz 131 ( ICN). São José dos Ausentes, 1327 m, 16 January 2011, bud, G . Heiden et al. 1528 ( SPF); Monte Negro , 27 May 2005, ♂, 1100 m, F . Marchett 249 ( HUCS, MBM, O); March 1999, ♂, M . Sobral 8815 ( ICN, MBM, SP). São Francisco de Paula, Fazenda Englert , 8 February 1941, ♂, B . Rambo 4606 ( LIL). SANTA CATARINA : Alfredo Wagner, Morro do Trombudo , 7 February 2007, bud, G . Hatschbach & O. S . Ribas 79680 ( MBM). Água Doce , Rio Roseira, 16 February 1978, ♀, A . Krapovickas & C. L . Cristóbal 33674 ( CTES). Bom Jardim da Serra , 1400 m, 28 January 1971, U . Eskuche 1760-9 ( SI); March 1953, ♂, J. R . Mattos 2083 ( HBR); Curral Falso , 1500 m, 19 February 1959, ♂, R . Reitz & R. M . Klein 8391 ( HBR, LP, NY, RB, US); Serra do Oratório , Rio Capivaras, 1200 m, 16 January 1952, bud, L. B . Smith & R . Reitz 10133 ( HBR, LP, US); Serra do Rio do Rastro , 1200 m, 7 April 1991, G . Hatschbach, M . Hatschbach & D. Guimarães 55321 ( HBG, MBM, US). Bom Retiro , Campo dos Padres, 25 January 1957, bud, L. B . Smith & R . Reitz 10425 ( HBR, LP, RB, US). Calmon , 15 March 1910, ♂, P. K. H . Dusén 9329 ( E, NY, S). Campo Alegre , Serra do Quiriri, 3 March 2001, ♂, O. S . Ribas et al. 3356 ( CESJ, MBM). Rancho Queimado , Campo de Boa Vista, s.d., ♂, F . Müller 258 ( K, R); Serra da Boa Vista , 1000 m, 2 March 1961, ♂, R . Reitz & R. M . Klein 10778 ( FLOR, HBR, LP, RB). São Joaquim , 1750 m, June 1986, D. B . Falkenberg 3434 ( FLOR, MBM, PACA, PEL); Fazenda Velha , 1953, st., J Mattos 1487 ( HAS); 1957, bud, J . Mattos 4647 ( HAS); Prisco , 27 February 1966, ♀, J . Mattos 13354 ( HAS). Timbé do Sul , Serra da Rocinha 13 March 2005, ♂, G . Hatschbach, E . Barbosa & E.F. Costa 79107 ( MBM, RB, SPF); Urubici , Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, 10 February 2007, ♂, G . Hatschbach & O. S . Ribas 79965 ( MBM); Morro da Igreja , 1820 m, 24 May 1991, ♀, D. B . Falkenberg 5512 ( FLOR); ♀, D. B . Falkenberg 5520 ( FLOR); 1800 m, 4 March 1992, ♀, D. B . Falkenberg 5651 ( FLOR); 25 February 1995, ♀, D. B . Falkenberg 7178 ( FLOR); ♂, D. B . Falkenberg 7182 ( FLOR); ♀, D. B . Falkenberg 7485 ( FLOR); 1850 m, 10 March 2005, ♀, G . Hatschbach, E . Barbosa & E.F. Costa 79004 ( ICN, MBM); ♂, G . Hatschbach, E . Barbosa & E.F. Costa 79007 ( CESJ, HUEFS, MBM, RB, SI); 2 April 20120, ♂, G . Heiden, T. E . Särkinen & J. R. V . Iganci 1332 ( SPF); ♀, G . Heiden, T. E . Särkinen & J. R. V . Iganci 1333 ( ECT, GB, ICN, K, MBM, MVFA, RB, SPF, SPFR, US); 12 Januray 2012, bud, G . Heiden & J. R. V . Iganci 1493 ( SPF); 22 January 1960, bud, J. R . Mattos 7229 ( HAS); bud, J. R . Mattos 8242 ( HBR); 14 may 2004, ♂ & ♀, J. M . Silva & L.R. Lima 4053 ( MBM, SPSF, UB). Urupema , Fazenda Farofa, 1426 m, 8 April 2007, ♂, R. L. G . Coelho et al. 209 ( SPF). S . l., Serra Geral, Campos de Capivari , February 1891, ♂, E . Ule 1778 ( HBG). SÃO PAULO : Campos do Jordão , April 1937, ♀, L . Lanstyack s.n. ( RB33181 ). Queluz, 2500–2600 m, 18 February 1997, ♂ & ♀, G. J . Shepherd et al. 97-64 ( UEC) .

Figures

FIGURE 30. Baccharis phylicifolia. A. Fertile shoot of pistillate plant. B. Leaves. C. Portion of tomentose peduncle. D. Male capitulum. E. Phyllaries of male capitulum (outer to inner). F. Male floret. G. Female capitulum. H. Phyllaries of female capitulum (outer to inner). I. Female floret. J. Corolla and style of female floret. K. Cypsela. A, C, G–K: Heiden 1333 (SPF). B (from left to right): Heiden 999 (RB); Meireles 2402 (RB); Heiden 1582 (SPF); Heiden 1528 (SPF); Sobral 8815 (ICN); Sehnem 4244 (PACA); Heiden 1989 (SPF); Heiden 1333 (SPF); Silveira 9178 (HAS); Schneider 1230 (SPF). D–F: Heiden 1332 (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.

FIGURE 31. Baccharis phylicifolia. A and B. Habitat and habit in moist highland subtropical grasslands at Morro da Igreja, Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Urubici, Santa Catarina, Brazil. C. Male capitulescence. D. Female capitulescence. Photos by G. Heiden.