Simplexollata simplex ( Bronn, 1831 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2023, The Architectonicidae and Mathildidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea-victims of the Miocene Climatic Transition, Zootaxa 5370 (1), pp. 1-74 : 17-19

Simplexollata simplex ( Bronn, 1831)

Figs 4D , 9A–D

* [ Solarium] simplex — Bronn 1831: 63.

Solarium carocollatum Lam. var. laevigata Pusch 1837: 111 , pl. 10, figs 11a–b [non Lamarck, 1816].

Solarium simplex Bronn — Ĥrnes 1848: 22.

Solarium simplex Bronn —Ĥrnes 1856: 463, pl. 46, figs 3a–c.

Solarium simplex Bronn —Neugeboren 1856: 193.

S [olarium]. simplex var. laevigata (Pusch) —Sacco 1892: 46 [non Lamarck, 1816].

Solarium (Architectonica) simplex Bronn — Boettger 1902: 114.

Solarium (Architectonica) simplex Bronn —Boettger 1907: 135.

Solarium simplex Bronn — Cossmann & Peyrot 1919: 460, pl. 15, figs 33–38.

Solarium simplex Bronn — Friedberg 1923: 413, pl. 25, fig. 5.

Solarium simplex Bronn, 1831 — Glibert 1949: 123, pl. 8, figs 6a–c.

Solarium simplex Bronn — Montanaro Gallitelli & Tacoli 1951: 177, pl. 2, figs 6–8.

Architectonica simplex Bronn — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 18, pl. 1, figs 16–18.

Architectonica (Architectonica) simplex Bronn — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 13, figs 18a–c.

Architectonica simplex Bronn — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 431.

Architectonica (A [rchitectonica].) simplex Bronn —Sieber 1958: 139.

Architectonica (Architectonica) simplex ( Bronn 1831) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 91, pl. 29, fig. 14.

Solarium simplex szobiense nov. var. —Strausz 1960: 349, pl. 19, figs 4–5.

Solarium simplex Bronn —Strausz 1962: 124, pl. 51, fig. 15, pl. 52, fig. 1.

Solarium simplex szobiensis Strausz —Strausz 1962: 124, pl. 52, figs 3–5.

Solarium simplex Bronn —Strausz 1966: 116, pl. 51, fig. 15, pl. 52, fig. 1.

Solarium simplex sobiense [sic] Strausz, 1960 —Strausz 1966: 116, pl. 52, figs 3, 4, 6.

Solarium simplex Bronn, 1831 —Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 133, pl. 34, figs 12–14.

Solarium simplex Bronn — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969b: 20, pl. 2, figs 18, 22, 25.

? Architectonica (A [rchitectonica].) simplex Bronn —Steininger 1973: 404.

Architectonica (Architectonica) simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Bałuk 1975: 117, pl. 13, figs 1–2.

Solarium simplex Bronn, 1831 — Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 92, pl. 14, figs 2a–c.

Architectonica (Architectonica) simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Atanacković 1985: 97, pl. 23, figs 4–6.

Philippia (Psilaxis) simplex — Melone & Taviani 1985: 164, Fig. 24 .

Basisulcata simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 150, fig. 415.

Basisulcata simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Bogi et al. 2002: 32, figs 1, 2.

Architectonica (Architectonica) simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Harzhauser 2002: 122, pl. 11, figs 14–15.

simplex (Solarium ) Bronn, 1831 — Bieler & Petit 2005: 64.

szobiense ( Solarium ) Strausz, 1960— Bieler & Petit 2005: 68.

Basisulcata simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Landau et al. 2011: 39, pl. 21, fig. 11.

Basisulcata simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Chirli 2013: 7, pl. 2, figs 7–15.

Psilaxis simplex ( Bronn, 1831) — Landau et al. 2013: 301, pl. 52, fig. 3 [cum syn.].

Psilaxis simplex ( Bronn, 1831) —Sacchetti et al. 2023: 88, pl. 6E 1 – 2.

non Solarium carocollatum simplex Bronn —Strausz 1954: 15.pl. 6, fig. 139 [= Simplexollata anticollata nov. sp.].

non Architectonica (Architectonica) simplex Bronn — Marinescu 1961: 531, pl. 5, fig. 19 [= Simplexollata anticollata nov. sp.].

Type material. Parts of the collection of Heinrich Georg Bronn (1800–1862) have been stored at the Harvard University, but the types could not be found.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1846/0037/0425a, SL: 7.3 mm, MD: 13.8 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), illustrated in Ĥrnes (1856: 463, pl. 46, figs 3a–c), Figs 9A 1 –A 3 . NHMW 2013/0078/0109, SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 14.7 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 4D , 9B 1 –B 3 . NHMW 1876/0011/0075, SL: 8.3 mm, MD: 16.4 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus ( Romania), Figs 9C 1 –C 3 . NHMW 1860/0023/0087, SL: 12.3 mm, MD: 25.7 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus ( Romania), Figs 9D 1 –D 3 .

Additional material. 2 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0521, Gainfarn ( Austria) .

Revised description. Shell medium-sized to large, solid, relatively flattened to elevated lentiform, periphery angled, profile weakly convex above, flattened, very weakly convex below. Protoconch medium-sized of <0.5 visible whorls, very bulbous (diameter 1.2 mm). SSC weakly developed and beaded on first two teleoconch whorls, fading thereafter. MC-field smooth, except for weak, prosocline growth lines. UPC with weak subquadratic beads. LPC slightly wider and stronger, smooth, forming angled periphery, not prominent, also serving as upper point of whorl attachment. IPC very prominent, narrow, rounded, basal field smooth, except for some shallow irregular spiral grooves present in some specimens and weak axial folds strengthening towards umbilicus. No PUC. UC separated from basal field by deep, narrow groove, UC overhanging umbilicus. Umbilicus moderately wide (23–26% of MD). Umbilical wall bearing fine axial growth lines. Aperture small, subtrigonal, angled at LPC, with deep CG and weaker PG.

Synonyms in Paratethyan literature. Solarium simplex szobiense Strausz, 1960 (holotype: M.8., Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary), from the Badenian of Szob ( Hungary), is based on a single lentiform specimen, which has prominent spiral sculpture and irregular axial swellings on the MC field. Based on its size ( MD: 9 mm), the low outline, the reduced mid-cords and the (partly damaged) bulbous protoconch, we assume that it is a small specimen of Simplexollata simplex .

Discussion. This species is characterized by its bulbous protoconch and delicate axial ribs on the early teleoconch. Sacco (1892: 47) identified the specimen illustrated by Ĥrnes (1856) with his Solarium simplex rugulodepressa Sacco, 1892 , from the Pliocene of Albenga ( Italy) (Sacco 1892: pl. 1 fig. 54). This subspecies is synonymized with Simplexollata simplex herein. Protoconch and sculpture of the Badenian Paratethyan specimens correspond fully to specimens from the Pliocene of Estepona ( Spain) (Landau, in prep.).

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic and middle to outer neritic.

Distribution. Simplexollata simplex was a widespread and long-lived species, which existed for more than 20 my. During the Miocene Climatic Optimum, it was distributed from the North Sea Basin to the Central Paratethys Sea but retreated from the North Sea during the Middle Miocene. It is one of the few Architectonicidae , which occurred in the Central Paratethys Sea also during the Late Badenian.

North Sea. Burdigalian/Langhian (Early/Middle Miocene): North Sea Basin ( Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands) ( Glibert 1949; Moths et al. 2010; Janssen 1984).

Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian, Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1919; Lozouet et al. 2001); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin ( France) ( Glibert 1949); Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1919); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Cacela Basin ( Portugal) ( Dollfus et al. 1903); Pliocene: Guadalquivir Basin ( Spain) ( Landau et al. 2011); Mondego Basin ( Portugal) ( Landau et al. 2011).

(Proto-)Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi, Italy (Sacco 1892); Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin ( Turkey) ( Landau et al. 2013); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin ( Italy) (Sacco 1892); Pliocene: Estepona Basin ( Spain); Roussillon Basin ( France); central Mediterranean Sea ( Italy, Morocco) ( Landau et al. 2013). Gelasian (Early Pleistocene); Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Rhodes Island (Chirli & Linse, 2011).

Central Paratethys Sea.? Ottnangian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Gernergraben, Kaltenbachgraben ( Germany); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota ( Hungary) (Steininger 1973). Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf ( Austria) ( Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Lysice, Rudice, Žabčice ( Czech Republic); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Bałuk 1975); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zboriv (Ternopil Region) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1923); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Pötzleinsdorf, Steinebrunn ( Austria) (Hörnes 1856; Sieber 1953); Pannonian Basin: Bóta, B̧kkmogyorósd, Keletcserhát, Márkháza, Szob, Sámsonháza, Tar ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954, 1956; 1969b; Strausz 1966); Hrvaćani ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Boettger 1902); Dacian Basin: Bivolare ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Descriptive terms used in descriptions of Architectonicidae (modified from Bieler 1993).

FIGURE 3. Descriptive terms used in descriptions of Mathildidae.

FIGURE 4 Protoconchs of Paratethyan Architectonicidae. A. Ammotectonica gregorovae nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 1862/0029/0078c. B. Simplexollata anticollata nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 1854/0035/0331, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). C. Simplexollata carocollata (Lamarck, 1822), NHMW 1850/0018/0115, Léognan (France), Burdigalian. D. Simplexollata simplex (Bronn, 1831), NHMW 2013/0078/0109, Baden (Austria).E. Nipteraxis deformatusnov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2010/0004/0456a, Bad Vöslau (Austria). F. Nipteraxis exmoniliferus (Sacco, 1892), NHMW 1907/0323/1959, M̂llersdorf (Austria). G. Solatectonica kostejana (Boettger, 1907), NHMW 2012/0229/0049b, Traiskirchen (Austria). H. Nipteraxis monilifer (Bronn, 1831), NHMW 1846/0037/0427, M̂llersdorf (Austria). I. Solatisonax tavianii nov. sp., NHMW2016/0266/0002, SL: 8.0 mm, MD: 15.0 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania). J. Solatisonax transversa nov. sp., holotype, NHMW 2016/0177/0341, Lăpugiu de Sus (Roma- nia). K. Granosolarium semilaevis (Sacco, 1892), NHMW 1846/0037/0428d, M̂llersdorf (Austria). L. Heliacus globosus nov. sp., holotype NHMW 1907/0328/1959a, M̂llersdorf (Austria). M. Heliacus miser (Dujardin, 1837), NHMW 2023/0267/0001, Steinebrunn (Austria). N. Pseudotorinia grasemanni nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2023/0267/0010, Steinebrunn (Austria). O. Pseudotorinia marthae (Boettger, 1902), NHMW 2012/0229/0049, Traiskirchen (Austria). All figures same scale.

FIGURE 9 A1–A3. Simplexollata simplex (Bronn, 1831), NHMW 1846/0037/0425a, Gainfarn (Austria). B1–B3. Simplexollata simplex (Bronn, 1831), NHMW 2013/0078/0109, Baden (Austria). C1–C3. Simplexollata simplex (Bronn, 1831), NHMW 1876/0011/0075, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania). D1–D3. Simplexollata simplex (Bronn, 1831), NHMW 1860/0023/0087, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania).

FIGURE 24 A1–A2. Mathilda clara Boettger, 1902, lectotype, SMF 372692, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania). B1–B2. Mathilda praeclara Boettger, 1902, holotype, SMF 372690, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania).