Adetomyrma caputleae, Yoshimura, Masashi & Fisher, Brian L., 2012

Yoshimura, Masashi & Fisher, Brian L., 2012, A revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Adetomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae), Zootaxa 3341 (1), pp. 1-31 : 17-19

Adetomyrma caputleae sp. nov.

( Figs 8 , 11 , 21 , 31 , 40 , 49 , 58 , 66 , 75, 76 , 82 , 85, 87, 89 , 91, 92 )

Holotype. Worker: CASENT0227992 , BLF02537 , MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, 3 km 41° NE Andranomay , 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe , 18° 28.4´S, 47° 57.6´E, 1300malt., montane rainforest, ex rotten log, 5–13.xii.2000, Fisher, Griswold et al. leg. [ CASC]

Paratypes. 7 workers: CASENT0004352 [ BMNH], CASENT0227993 [ CASC], CASENT0227994 [ CASC], CASENT0227995 [ CASC], CASENT0227996 [ MCZC], CASENT0227997 [ MHNG], CASENT0227998 [ NHMB], 7 males: CASENT0004353 [ BMNH], CASENT0011473 [ CASC], CASENT0227978 [ CASC], CASENT0227979 [ CASC], CASENT0227980 [ MCZC], CASENT0227999 [ MHNG], CASENT0247048 [ NHMB], with same data as holotype.

Worker. Description. Measurements: holotype. HL 0.72, HW 0.7, SL 0.44, HD 0.5, WL 1.01, PnW 0.47, MnW 0.26, PpW 0.36, PtW 0.39, CI 97.4, SI 63.1, MnI 36.5, PpI 142.7, PtI 106.3.

HL 0.57–0.72, HW 0.53–0.7, SL 0.35–0.45, HD 0.36–0.5, WL 0.81–1.05, PnW 0.36–0.45, MnW 0.2–0.26, PpW 0.3–0.37, PtW 0.27–0.4, CI 91.9–97.9, SI 60.4–68.9, MnI 37.2–38.8, PpI 140.7–149.5, PtI 91.3–107 (10 individuals measured).

Head quadrate in full-face view, almost as long as wide; sides slightly convex, widening near the mandibular insertions, converging posteriorly; posterior margin almost flat ( Fig 82 ). Clypeal principal surface deflected ventrally. Anterior margin of clypeus broadly convex with small, shallow central concavity, and furnished with a row of about 26 small, specialized conical setae. Frontal carinae in full-face view short and low, expanded laterally as small frontal lobes covering more than about 2× the length of antennal insertions. Mandible subfalcate, without distinct basal and masticatory margins ( Fig 8 ): inner margin with two apical teeth and three basal denticles; no denticle on base of subapical tooth (second tooth from apex); apical-most denticle slightly larger than other two; sometimes basal-most (third from apical-most one) denticle divided into two adjacent small, low denticles (CASENT004363). Palpal formula 3,3 (three maxillary and three labial). Antennal scape shorter than head length. Pedicel (the second antennal segment) shorter than combined length of next three (third to fifth) antennal segments. Antenna gradually broadened from third segment and not forming a distinct club. Dorsal outline of mesosoma in lateral view flattened, mesonotum not raised from pronotal and propodeal dorsum. Pronotum in dorsal view longer than broad, with convex sides. Mesonotum in dorsal view short, 2× as wide as long. Metapleuron fully fused with propodeum, division of the two plates not distinguishable in lateral view. Dorsal face of propodeum narrower than pronotum, about 1.5× longer than wide, with subparallel sides converging slightly toward mesonotum ( Fig 76 ). Propodeum in lateral view, its dorsal margin 2× or less the length of its declivity, and rounding gently into the latter. Propodeal spiracle medium sized, distant from propodeal dorsal margin in lateral view, usually not visible in dorsal view. Subpetiolar process distinctly developed, shaped like an irregular axe blade. Shallow and dense punctures covering dorsal head, mesosoma, abdomen, and ventral head. Clypeus with two groups of hairs; mid clypeal hairs directed dorsally, and anterior clypeal hairs deflected anteriorly. Mid clypeal hairs consisting of one long hair and one to several shorter hairs around the long one. With head in full-face view, anterior clypeal hairs consisting of one pair of long hairs and two (sometimes three) shorter hairs laterally ( Fig 8 ).

Queen. Description. Measurements: HL 0.92–1.07, HW 1.05–1.18, SL 0.53–0.56, EL 0.07–0.07, WL 1.4–1.48, MnW 0.55–0.68, PpW 0.74–0.78, PtW 0.81–0.93, CI 108.1–114.6, SI 47.1–51, EI 6.9–7.2, MnI 51.1–57.7, PpI 114.2–134.4, PtI 110–126.1 (3 individuals measured).

Wingless. Head quadrate in full-face view ( Fig 89 ), almost as long as wide; sides slightly convex; posterior margin slightly concave. Eye small, consisting of about seven ommatidia. Mid ocellus vestigial in a small concavity. Lateral ocelli absent. Clypeal principal surface not strongly deflected. Anterior margin of clypeus with central concavity, and furnished with a row of about 17 small, specialized, conical setae. Frontal lobes separated by midposterior portion of clypeus. Mandible subfalcate, without distinct basal and masticatory margins, inner margin with two apical teeth and two low and dull basal denticles, no denticle on base of subapical tooth (second tooth from apex). Antennal scape 0.5× as long as combined length of pedicel and flagellum. First flagellomere as long as wide. Distal antennal segments not forming distinct club. In lateral view, mesosomal dorsum somewhat flattened ( Fig 85 ); pronotum occupying entire anterior and about 0.33× of dorsal margins; mesonotum reduced in size and only occupying about 0.33× of mesosomal dorsal margin; metanotum not visible; propodeum occupying about 0.33× of remaining dorsal and posterior margins. With mesosoma in dorsal view, division between mesoscutum and mesoscutellum often unclear ( Fig 87 ); axillae not distinct; metanotum reduced into narrow tip; and propodeum distinctly widened posteriorly. Propodeal spiracle in lateral view located close to propodeal declivity in lateral view, distance from declivity margin as long as diameter of spiracle. Petiole stouter than that in conspecific worker ( Fig 87 ), distinctly wider than long, width approximately same as that of propodeum in dorsal view, anterodorsal portion more protruding anteriorly in lateral view. When metasoma seen in dorsal view, little difference in width present between posterior portion of petiole and anterior portion of abdominal segment III.

Clypeus with long hairs; division of mid clypeal hairs and anterior clypeal hairs unclear. With head in full-face view, anterior portion of clypeus with one pair of long hairs and two (sometimes three) shorter hairs laterally ( Fig 89 ). Body surface with denser appressed hairs than in conspecific workers.

Male. Description. Measurements: HL 0.64–0.73, HW 0.91–1.1, SL 0.2–0.26, EL 0.39–0.44, WL 1.84–2.03, MnW 1.13–1.27, CI 143–151.2, SI 21–24.3, EI 60.4–67, MnI 114.8–124.1 (5 individuals measured).

Eye well developed and prominent, posterior margin not exceeding posterior margin of mid ocellus in full-face view. Distance between lateral ocellus and eye longer than 1.5× diameter of lateral ocellus ( Fig 21 ). Palpal formula 3,3 (three maxillary and three labial). Notaulus absent on mesoscutum. Parapsidal line clearly impressed ( Fig 40 ). Anterior margin of petiole as long as or shorter than dorsal margin in lateral view. Subpetiolar process well developed, usually with more than five hairs ventrally.

Left and right parameres not overlapping or narrowly overlapping on dorsal small part of basimere. No distinct projection or lobe present on posterodorsal portion of paramere. Basal ring not reduced, covering whole anterior margin of paramere in lateral view. Basal projection on cuspis clear but not extraordinarily well developed. Aedeagus in lateral view as in Figure 58 ; narrowing from base of ventral projection; apical margin relatively sharp with a small, broadly triangular projection on posteroventral portion; posteroventral margin of ventral projection convex.

Hair on compound eyes short, 0.33× to 0.5× diameter of mid ocellus. Mesofemur in dorsal view, its anterior face with dense decumbent hairs, and sometimes one or two longer suberect hairs. Ventral margin of eye not edged with darker pigment or punctures. Body color uniform dark brown ( Fig 31 ).

Etymology. This species name is derived from the Latin words caput (head) and lea (lioness), referring to the stout, thick head of the new species. The species epithet is treated as a noun in apposition, and thus invariant.

Distribution. MADAGASCAR: as in Figure 66 .

Additional material examined: in addition to the type material, specimens from the following localities were examined in this study: MADAGASCAR. Analamanga Region, district of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, 18° 11.88´S, 47° 16.89´E, 701 m alt., sclerophyll forest; 3 km 41° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe, 18° 28.4´S, 47° 57.6´E, 1300 m alt., montane rainforest; Ankokoy Forest, 3 km E Ibity, malaise in Uapaca forest, 20° 4.05´S, 46° 59.97´E, 1700 m alt., Uapaca forest; Amoron'i Mania Region, district of Ambositra, Italaviana Uapaca forest, 135km SE of Antsirabe, 20° 10.4´S, 47° 5.16´E, 1359 m alt., Uapaca forest; Forêt d'Atsirakambiaty, 7.6 km 285° WNW Itremo, 20° 35.6´S, 46° 33.8´E, 1550 m alt., montane rainforest; 27.4 km SSW Ambositra, 20° 46.2´S, 47° 11.2´E, 1600 m alt., disturbed montane rainforest; Parc naturel communautaire, 26.8 km SW Ambositra, 20° 46.5´S, 47° 11.02´E, 1755 m alt., disturbed montane rainforest; Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20° 47.56´S, 47° 10.54´E, 822 m alt., rainforest; Vohiparara broken bridge, Fianarantsoa Prov., 21° 13.57´S, 47° 22.19´E, 1110 m alt., high altitude rainforest; radio tower, Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Prov., 21° 15.05´S, 47° 24.43´E, 1130 m alt., forest edge, mixed tropical forest, open area; Fitovavy Fitovinany Region, district of Ifanadiana, 12 km W of Ranomafana, 21° 15.05´S, 47° 24.43´E, 1127 m alt., forest edge, open area; JIRAMA water works near river, Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Prov., 21° 14.91´S, 47° 27.13´E, 690 m alt., open area near stream; Belle Vue trail, Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Prov., 21° 15.99´S, 47° 25.21´E, 1020 m alt., mixed tropical forest; Foret d'Ambalagoavy Nord, Ikongo, Ambatombe, 21° 49.65´S, 47° 20.33´E, 625 m alt.; Parc National d'Andringitra, Plateau d'Andohariana, 35.9 km 205° Ambalavao, 22° 9.14´S, 46° 53.95´E, 2000 m alt., ericoid thicket.

Remarks. The worker of Adetomyrma caputleae is easily distinguished from that of A. bressleri and A. goblin by the lack of a small denticle on the basal portion of the subapical tooth and by having more than one hair lateral to the longest anterior clypeal hairs ( Fig 8 ), and from A. venatrix ( Fig 84 ) by the flattened posterior margin of the head in full-face view ( Fig 82 ) and the swollen ventral margin of the head in lateral view. In the male, this species is distinguished from other Adetomyrma species by the combination of a smaller lateral ocellus distant from the eye, the relatively longer dorsal margin than anterior margin of the petiole, the paramere without projection or lobe, and the brown body color.

Geographical variation in male characters can be observed in body size, wing color, head shape, and the development of the subpetiolar process and its hairs. The smallest specimens are often similar to males of A. venatrix ; however, the diagnostic characters above still separate A. caputleae from A. venatrix . Specimens from Forêt d'Atsirakambiaty (20° 35.6´S, 46° 33.8´E, 1550 m alt.) show larger morphological differences from the others in wing color and head shape. The Forêt d'Atsirakambiaty specimens were separately listed as A. mg05 in Yoshimura & Fisher (2012). However, our detailed examination revealed that the apparent differences appear in only one parapatric population. Moreover, the morphological differences are not very consistent, which are observed even within members of a single colony. Therefore these morphological differences should be regarded as intraspecific variations.

This new species corresponds to the following species codes used in previous studies:

sp.2a: Saux et al. 2004

sp.2b: Saux et al. 2004; Moreau et al. 2006

MAD02: Brady et al. 2006

sp.Ma-02: Ouellette et al. 2006

sp.Ma-04: Ouellette et al. 2006

mg02: Yoshimura & Fisher, 2012

mg05: Yoshimura & Fisher, 2012

Figures

FIGURES 7 – 8. Clypeus and mandible of Adetomyrma workers in oblique full-face view. 7, A. bressleri (CASENT 0205995: holotype); 8, A. caputleae (CASENT 0227994: paratype). 7, only a single hair is present lateral of the longest anterior clypeal hair; 8, two or more hairs are present lateral of the longest anterior clypeal hair. 7, a denticle is present on the base of the subapical tooth; 8, no denticle is present on the base of the subapical tooth.

FIGURES 11 – 12. Metatarsus of Adetomyrma workers in posterior view. 11, A. caputleae (CASENT 0227994: paratype); 12, A. venatrix (CASENT 0489808). 11, the fifth tarsomere distinctly wider compared to fourth; 12, the fifth tarsomere almost the same width as fourth.

FIGURES 21 – 22. Head of Adetomyrma males in oblique dorsal view. 21, A. caputleae (CASENT 0227999: paratype); 22, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606). 21, lateral ocellus is distant from the eye; 22, lateral ocellus is close to the eye.

FIGURES 29 – 37. Males of Adetomyrma in lateral view. 29, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0227991: holotype); 30, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0008693); 31, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0079552); 32, A. cassis sp. nov. (CASENT 0163620: holotype); 33, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0244415: holotype); 34, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0007808: holotype); 35, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0064259: holotype); 36, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0084070); 37, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606).

FIGURES 38 – 46. Males of Adetomyrma in dorsal view. 38, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0227991: holotype); 39, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0008693); 40, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0079552); 41, A. cassis sp. nov. (CASENT 0163620: holotype); 42, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0244415: holotype); 43, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0007808: holotype); 44, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0064259: holotype); 45, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0084070); 46, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606).

FIGURES 47 – 55. Head of Adetomyrma males in full-face view. 47, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0227991: holotype); 48, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0008693); 49, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0079552); 50, A. cassis sp. nov. (CASENT 0163620: holotype); 51, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0244415: holotype); 52, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0007808: holotype); 53, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0064259: holotype); 54, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0084070); 55, A. venatrix (CASENT 0151606).

FIGURES 56 – 63. Aedeagal plate of Adetomyrma males in lateral view. 56, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT 0008678); 57, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0218012); 58, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0218011); 59, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT 0111791); 60, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT 0218014); 61, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT 0111802); 62, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0218010); 63, A. venatrix (CASENT 0063101).

FIGURES 64 – 72. Distribution maps for Adetomyrma species. 64, A. aureocuprea sp. nov.; 65, A. bressleri sp. nov.; 66, A. caputleae sp. nov.; 67, A. cassis sp. nov.; 68, A. caudapinniger sp. nov.; 69, A. cilium sp. nov.; 70, A. clarivida sp. nov.; 71, A. goblin sp. nov.; 72, A. venatrix. Star symbols represent the type locality.

FIGURES 73 – 80. Workers of Adetomyrma in lateral view and dorsal view. 73, 74, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0205995: holotype); 75, 76, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0004358); 77, 78, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0227981: holotype); 79, 80, A. venatrix (MCZTYPE 34786). 73, 75, 77, 79, lateral view; 74, 76, 78, 80, dorsal view.

FIGURES 81 – 84. Head of Adetomyrma workers in full-face view. 81, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT 0205995: holotype); 82, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0004358); 83, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0227981: holotype); 84, A. venatrix (MCZTYPE 34786).

FIGURES 85 – 90. Queens of Adetomyrma species. 85, 87, 89, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT 0004350); 86, 88, 90, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT 0007401); 85, 86, lateral view; 87, 88, dorsal view; 89, 90, head in full-face view.

FIGURES 91 – 94. Colonies of Adetomyrma. 91, 92, A. caputleae (collection BLF 02531, ex rotten log); 93, 94, A. goblin (collection BLF 14240, ex rotten log, soil). 91, larvae, naked pupae, and workers; 92, pupae, workers, and a large ergatoid queen; 93, elongate larvae feeding between sclerites of a Tenebrionidae larva; 94 two workers grooming a larva. 91, 92, photos by Brian Fisher; 93, 94, photos by Alex Wild.