Calamagrostis arundinacea, (L.) Roth

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1980, Flora Europaea. Volume 5. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 239

11. C. arundinacea (L.) Roth , Tent. FI. Germ. 2(1): 89 (1789).

Caespitose, with short rhizomes; stems 60-150 cm, erect, rather stout, with 2-3 nodes, smooth. Leaves up to 50 cm x 4-12 mm, flat, hairy at junction of lamina and sheath, the upper surface scabrid, with widely spaced veins; ligule 2-4 mm, obtuse or truncate. Panicle 10-25 x up to 5 cm, often rather dense; branches scabrid or weakly aculeolate. Spikelets 4-6 mm, light brown to purplish. Glumes subequal, lanceolate, scabridulous. Lemma 2-fid at apex; awn bent and twisted, about twice as long as and arising from near base of lemma. Callus-hairs not more than i as long as lemma. 2/i = 28 + 0-2B. Open woods and marshes. Most ofEurope except the islands, the extreme north and much of the south-west. Au Be Bu Cz Da Fe Ga Ge Gr He Hs Hu ItJuLuNoPoRmRs (N, B, C, W, E) Su.