Typhlocharis toletana Lencina & Andújar, 2010

Andújar, Carmelo, Grebennikov, Vasily V., Lencina, José Luís & Serrano, José, 2010, A new Typhlocharis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillina) from Spain: combining adult and larval morphological data with DNA information, Zootaxa 2485, pp. 47-57 : 49-55

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.195522
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678468
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB9418-0018-8356-439B-FCA2FE32FBE4
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Typhlocharis toletana Lencina & Andújar
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Typhlocharis toletana Lencina & Andújar View in CoL new species

( Figs. 1–5 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 )

Type series. Holotype: 1ɗ, 19–VI–2007, Arroyo de Vitoria, Villarrubia de Santiago (province of Toledo, Spain), 590 m (N 40, 0 2 W –3,30) C. Andújar and J.L. Lencina leg., deposited in the Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia (ZAF–UMU).

Paratypes: 52ɗ and 21Ψ, same locality and date, C. Andújar and J.L. Lencina leg. (2ɗ and 2Ψ gold coated); 79ɗ and 69Ψ, 15–IX–2007 same locality, C. Andújar, J.L. Lencina and J. Sánchez leg.

Two paratypes, one male and one female are deposited in the collection of Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. The other paratypes are deposited in the Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia (ZAF–UMU), and in J. L. Lencina collection, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Jumilla (Murcia).

Diagnosis: Anophthalmous. Body long, depressed and parallel ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), light brownish. Integument microreticulate with scattered short setae. Antennomeres 3–11 moniliform ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 c). Clypeus without median tooth. Pronotum ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 d) relatively slender (L/W = 1.2) with minute dentiform projection at hind angle and base arcuate. Each elytron with seven setae in the lateral umbilicate series distributed in two groups of 4+3 ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 j); no dentiform projection is found at apex or laterally at the end of the slight carina corresponding to seventh stria ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 h). Female with lateral slight fovea on first ventrite ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 i). Male genitalia ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 b) with median lobe slightly arcuate and ventral side almost straight. Female genitalia ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 a) with gonocoxite 2 of IX gonocoxa unguiform, with one internal seta and two external nematiform setae.

Description of the adult: Length of holotype: 1.2 mm. Length of paratypes: 1.1–1.3 mm. Body long, depressed and parallel, light brownish. Integument microreticulate, mesh pattern isodiametric, with scattered short setae. Head capsule ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 a) robust, slightly narrower than pronotum and almost as wide (0.27 mm.) as long (0.29 mm.), slightly depressed in the middle of the frons, with two frontal divergent depressions delimiting it. Dorsal surface reticulate, except stridulatory area without microlines ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 f). Clypeus without median tooth. Anophthalmous. Appendages: antennomeres 1–2 cylindrical, 3–11 moniliform ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 c); labial mentum with one tooth and lateral lobes rounded ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 b); penultimate labial palpomere thickened, ultimate palpomere minute. Setation: clypeus with two setae, the external pair longer than the internal; cephalic capsule with 3–4 frontal setae, two median, and three large periorbital setae (supraorbital plus temporal); cephalic capsule and lateral carina with some other minor setae; labrum with five setae, three short and medial, one long and lateral and one external to the latter; labial mentum with two pairs of long setae, one close to the base of tooth and another on the lateral lobes, prebasally there are two other lateral pairs of setae.

Prothorax. Pronotum ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 d) longer (0.35 mm) than wide (0.29 mm), surface microreticulate, slightly trapezoidal with maximum width close to the apical margin. Disc flattened. Anterior margin slightly arcuate. Sides slightly crenulate only in the posterior quarter. Hind angle obtuse and distinctly marked with a small acute tooth. Posterior margin arcuate. One seta in anterior quarter of lateral margin and another on hind angle. Three longitudinal series of minute setae. Six pairs of strong setae on the anterior margin and two pairs of setae on the posterior margin. Both anterior and posterior margins with a row of tomentose setae. Prosternum with sparse and short setae.

Elytra ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 g; 2h; 2j) twice longer (0.60 mm) than wide (0.28 mm), totally reticulate, with longitudinal carina at seventh stria slight and short, not extended to the apical margin of elytron (it disappears in the posterior fifth), and thus without forming there a small dentiform projection. Basal and lateral margins perpendicular, humeral region clearly marked and humeral angle smoothly rounded. Sides parallel with lateral margin slightly serrate to posterior quarter. Sutural angle not dentate ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 h). There are four longitudinal series of setae. Lateral margin with four setae in the anterior umbilicate group and three setae in the posterior group ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 j).

First ventrite of female with slight lateral fovea ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 i).

Legs similar in both sexes without special features such as dentiform projections or distally dilated femora. Front tibia with antenna cleaner (toilette organ) long and regularly arcuate, with one securiform clip seta at its proximal border ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 e), also reported in other species (e.g., T. gonzaloi: Ortuño 2005 ; T. martini Andujar et al. 2008 ). Trochanter long with rounded apex ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 a), similar in male and female.

Median lobe of male genitalia ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 b) slightly curved, ventral side almost straight and dorsal side with a membranous appearance to the apex. Apex short and acute. Internal sac with a small sclerotized piece. Parameres with two apical setae.

Gonocoxite 2 of IX gonocoxa of female genitalia unguiform ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 a), with one internal seta and two external nematiform setae. Spermatheca rounded, sclerotized, spermathecal gland distally dilated.

Description of the larva: Material studied. Twenty apparently older-instar larvae were collected in the type locality, ten in June 19, 2007 and another ten in November 12, 2007. Larvae were labelled “ SPAIN Villarrubia de Santiago Toledo 19.VI-–2007 Spring on a hillside 590m N 40, 0 2 W -3,30 Andújar and Lencina leg., and “ SPAIN Villarrubia de Santiago Toledo 15.IX-2007 Spring on a hillside 590 m N 40, 0 2 W -3,30 Andújar, Lencina and Sánchez leg.. Five larvae of these two dates were mounted on Euparal microscope slides and stored at the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada. Larvae are not designated as type specimens.

Diagnosis. Three-segmented antennae is a unique feature readily distinguishing Typhlocharis from those of the vast majority of Carabidae genera, including the genus Geocharidius Jeannel, 1963 , the only other member of Anillina with described larvae ( Grebennikov 2002). Larval characters of T. toletana are similar to those described for Tyhlocharis sp. ( Arndt et al. 1999).

Description of the larva. Body length about 2.2 mm ( Figs. 4–5 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 ); maximal head width 0.173 mm (0.172– 0.175 mm, n = 5). Cephalic capsule almost parallel-sided and slightly elongated ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 , 5 View FIGURE 5 a), without epicranial suture ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 d) and stemmata ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 e), mandible with a wide base, terebrum apically of retinaculum with one apical and large tooth, and one medial and small. All other characters of these larvae, including details of the chaetotaxy, are identical with a Typhlocharis larva previously described by Arndt et al. (1999).

Molecular analysis: ModelTest showed that GTR+G was the best-fit substitution model, with a γ value of 0.1603. A pairwise divergence analysis conducted in PAUP with this parameter showed that divergences between the adults and the putative larva of T. toletana are low, between 0 and 0.013%, while divergences among different Typhlocharis species vary from 15% to 26%. Divergences between Typhlocharis and Hypotyphlus are around 30% ( Table 2).

Habitat: The type locality of Typhlocharis toletana n. sp. is a spring on a lateral hillside facing Arroyo de Vitoria, a stream with permanent water in white loamy soil area close to Villarrubia de Santiago (Toledo, Spain). Type locality is 1.5 km apart from the main course of river Tajo. There was only herbaceous vegetation, mainly composed of grass, like Brachypodium sp.

conducted in PaupUp using the nucleotide substitution model GTR+G (γ= 0.1602), calculated with ModelTest 3.7. T. toletana T. toletana T. toletana T. diecki T. estrellae T. armata T. martini larva adult 1 adult 2

T. toletana larva -

T. toletana adult 1 0.000 -

T. toletana adult 2 0.003 0.001 -

T. diecki 0.205 0.201 0.210 -

T. estrellae 0.209 0.209 0.209 0.200 - T. armata 0.265 0.265 0.265 0.216 0.201 - T. martini 0.257 0.257 0.256 0.232 0.156 0.169 -

Hypotyphlus navaricus 0.319 0.320 0.331 0.302 0.289 0.288 0.248

Etymology: The specific epithet is a noun in genitive case deriving from Toletum (=Toledo), the province in central Spain where the new species has been found.

Affinities: Adults of T. toletana n. sp. share with those of T. monastic a Zaballos and Wrase 1998 and T. peregrina Zaballos and Wrase 1998 the unguiform type genitalia. However, T. toletana can be easily distinguished from them by the absence of tooth at the posterior margin of elytra and the umbilicate series of 4+3 type (as compared to 4+2 type found in the cited species). These and other characters suggest the inclusion of T. toletana in the T. diecki species group, whereas the lack of teeth in the posterior half of the lateral margin plus the sutural angle of elytra is characteristic to the T. silvanoides species group. Presently described T. toletana larva cannot be reliably distinguished from the congeneric larvae described by Arndt et al. (1999) and, therefore, are not informative in clarifying species relationships. Affinities of the new species are, therefore, ambiguous.