Gilpinia Benson, 1939

Wang, Hannan, Smith, David R., Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2019, Gilpinia infuscalae Wang & Wei, sp. nov. and a key to the Chinese Gilpinia species (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), Zootaxa 4571 (4), pp. 589-596 : 591

Key to the Chinese species of Gilpinia Benson

(females; examined species are marked with *)

1. Inner spur of hind tibia scale like......................................................................... 2

- Inner spur of hind tibia simple........................................................................... 4

2. Annuli 2 and 3 divergent downwards ( Fig. 2B ); pronotum entirely yellow; only posterior margin of mesoscutellum black. China (Heilongjiang), Finland....................................................... * G. fennica (Forsius, 1911)

- Annuli 2 and 3 parallel ( Figs. 2A, C ); pronotum yellow with black marks; both anterior and posterior margins of mesoscutellum black............................................................................................ 3

3. Serrulae 3–5 broader than the ctenidium bear them ( Fig. 2A ); head with a dark band on ocellar area, not reaching inner margins of eyes; apical margin of clypeus straight; ocellar area with 3 small brownish marks; pronotum pale with anterior margin black. China (Inner Mongolia)............................................... G. baiyinaobaoa G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1985

- Serrulae 3–5 equal to the ctenidium bear them ( Fig. 2C ); head with a dark band on ocellar area, reaching inner margins of eyes; apical margin of clypeus slightly incised; ocellar area without brownish marks; pronotum black with lateral corners pale. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin), Siberia, Europe.................................................... * G. virens ( Klug, 1812)

4. Head black at least between ocellar area and toruli........................................................... 5

- Head pale with black at most on ocellar area above toruli..................................................... 10

5. Head black at least above toruli, but dorsally more or less pale.................................................. 6

- Head black with labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area and dorsal margin of head more or less pale....................... 8

6. Scape, pedicel and flagellomere 1 black and each basally pale; lateral mesoscutal lobe black with anterior and lateral margins pale; mesoscutellum pale with a central longitudinal black line; legs whitish yellow. Lancet in Fig. 2E . China (Sichuan, Yunnan)................................................................ G. yongrenica G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1984

- Scape and pedicel pale, flagellomere 1 black; lateral mesoscutal lobe black with lateral margins pale; mesoscutellum pale with posterior margin black; legs yellow with black marks or dirty yellow............................................. 7

7. Pectus, lower anterior margin of mesepisternum, lower mesepimeron, and most of metepimeron black; legs yellow with black marks; lancet with basal annuli straight, subparallel ( Smith 1974: Fig. 1 ). China (Fujian), Thailand................................................................................................... * G. marshalli ( Forsius, 1931)

- Pectus, mesepisternum, mesepimeron, metepimeron pale; legs dirty yellow. Lancet with basal annuli curved, annuli 1 and 2 distinctly divergent ( Fig. 2F ). China (Heilongjiang)............................. G. pinicola G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1985

8. Body entirely black; wings strongly smoky; lancet with 11 distinct annuli; length of basal ctendium to lancet apex about 2.0× maximum width of lancet; maximum length of annulus 2 about 2.1× minimum; annulus 1 narrow and about 0.4× length of annulus 2 ( Fig. 2H ). China (Jiangxi).......................................... * G. infuscalae Wang & Wei , sp. nov.

- Body black with pale marks; wings transparent; lancet with 9 or 10 distinct annuli; length of basal ctendium to lancet apex at least 2.5× maximum width of lancet; maximum length of annulus 2 at most 1.6× minimum; annulus 1 about at least 0.7× length of annulus 2 ( Fig. 2D, G ).......................................................................... 9

9. Head black with labrum and ventral margin of clypeus yellow; median mesoscutal lobe and mesoscutellum black; legs yellow, coxae, trochanters and femora basally dark brown, tibiae basally more or less whitish; annuli 2 and 3 divergent downwards, annulus 1 about 0.7× length of annulus 2 ( Fig. 2G ). China (Heilongjiang), Japan (Hokkaido)......... G. tohi Takeuchi, 1940

- Head black with labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area and dorsal margin of head pale; median mesoscutal lobe black with posterior lateral margin pale, mesoscutellum black with a central horizontal pale band; coxae and trochanters black, tarsi, hind femur and apex of tibiae reddish brown, tibiae basally yellow; annulus 2 parallel with 3, annulus 1 about 1.1× length of annulus 2 ( Fig. 2D ). China (Anhui)................................................... * G. massoniana G. Xiao, 1992

10. Annulus 1 with a distinct serrula ( Fig. 2 I )................................................................. 11

- Annulus 1 without serrula ( Figs. 2 J-M)................................................................... 12

11. Body reddish brown; ocellar area with a short dark band; mesoscutellum, central part of pronotum and most of lateral mesoscutal lobes black (median mesoscutal lobes sometimes with black triangular marks); tergum 1 black. Lancet in Fig. 2 I . China (Gansu).................................................................... * G. tabulaeformis G. Xiao, 1992

- Body yellowish brown; ocellar area pale without black marks; pronotum, median mesoscutal lobe, lateral mesoscutal lobe and tergum 1 pale; mesoscutellum black. China (Hebei).............................. G. funingensis Wen, Sun & Li, 1991

12. Ctenidium 1 broken at middle ( Fig. 2M ); lateral mesoscutal lobe entirely pale. China (Anhui, Guangxi).......................................................................................* G. lipuensis G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1985

- Ctenidium 1 entire; lateral mesoscutal lobe pale with dark marks or entirely black................................. 13

13. Annuli 1 and 2 straight and parallel ( Fig. 2J ); body yellow; mesoscutellum entirely pale; sheath with lateral margin of scopa slenderly protruding. China (Yunnan).................................................. * G. hebedentata Xu, 1997

- Annuli 1 and 2 curved and divergent downwards ( Fig. 2K, L ); body reddish brown, mesoscutellum entirely black or pale with posterior margin black; sheath with lateral margin of scopa more or less flat...................................... 14

14. Annuli 1 and 2 distinctly divergent ventrally, basal serrulae acute ( Fig. 2K ); labrum black; flagellomeres dorsally reddish brown, ventrally black; dorsal mesonotum mostly pale, median mesoscutal lobe pale, both lateral mesoscutal lobes with central longitudinal dark stripes; mesoscutellum with posterior margin black. China (Yunnan).................................................................................................. G. jinghongensis G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1984

- Annuli 1 and 2 weakly divergent ventrally, basal serrulae truncate ( Fig. 2L ); labrum reddish brown; flagellomeres black; dorsal mesonotum mostly black; both median mesoscutal lobe with posterior dark marks; lateral mesoscutal lobes and mesoscutellum entirely black. China (Yunnan, Guizhou)......................................* G. jingxii G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1984

Figures

FIGURE 1. Gilpinia infuscalae Wang & Wei, sp. nov. A. Female, dorsal view. B. Male, lateral view. C. Female head, dorsal view. D. Female, mesoscutum, dorsal view. E. Female, metascutellum and tergum 1–3, dorsal-lateral view. F. Female, mesopleuron, lateral view. G. Ovipositor sheath, dorsal view. H. Scope of ovipositor sheath, ventral view. I. Lances. J. Lancet. K. 5–7th serrulae of lancet. L. Gonoforceps. M. Penis valve. Scale bars: 1–2 = 1 mm; 9 = 500 µm; 10–13 = 100 µm.

FIGURE 2. Lancets. A. Gilpinia baiyinaobaoa. B. G. fennica. C. G. virens. D. G. massoniana. E. G. yongrenica. F. G. pinicola. G. G. tohi. H. G. infuscalae sp. nov. I. G. tabulaeformis. J. G. hebedentata. K. G. jinghongensis. L. G. jingxii. M. G. lipuensis. N. G. nigra. A–G, I–M: Drawings of lancet by Xiao (1992), Xiao et al. (1992) and Xu (1997); N, photo by DRS.