Teruelius ankarafantsika (Lourenço, 2003), Lowe & Kovařík, 2019

Lowe, Graeme & Kovařík, František, 2019, Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae), Euscorpius 281, pp. 1-128 : 60

Teruelius ankarafantsika (Lourenço, 2003) comb. n.

1♀ (holotype, Figs. 219 , 389–390 , 394–403, 406–408 , 410–415 ) 1♂ (paratype, Figs. 201 , 220 , 387–388 , 391–393, 404–405 , 409, 416–417 ), Majunga Province, Ankarafantsika Reserve, Forest Station Ampijoroa, 16°18’S 46°48’E, sand area of Paquypodium (= Pachypodium ) , 27.II.2001 - 1.III.2001, leg. García Herrero ( MHNG); 1♀ 45 newborn (paratypes), Majunga Province, Ankarafantsika Reserve, Forest Station Ampijoroa, “Jardin Botanique A” , 16°18’S 46°48’E, 24.-24. II.2001, leg. García Herrero ( MHNG); 1♂ ( Figs. 13 , 78–79 , 93 , 99, 138 , 150 , 170 ), Mahajanga Province, SE d’Ampijoroa, 16°19.4’S 46°48.4’E, 160 m a. s. l., in dry deciduous forest on white sand, 17.IV.2003, leg. S. M. Goodman, SMG#13610 pitfall (FMNH 73423); 1♀ ( Figs. 13 , 44 , 78–79 , 99, 127 ), Mahajanga Province, SE d’Ampijoroa, 16°19.4’S 46°48.4’E, 100 m a. s. l., in dry deciduous forest on white sand, 22.IV.2003, leg. S. M. Goodman, SMG#13639 pitfall 3 bucket 74 (FMNH 73425); 1♂ 1♀ ( Figs. 15 , 24 , 45 , 80 , 99, 171 , 186–187 ), Mahajanga Province, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, 5 km SSE Ampijoroa, 16°20.3’S 46°47.6’E, 160 m a. s. l., 4–7.II.1997, slightly disturbed deciduous forest, pitfall, leg. S. M. Goodman (FMNH ♂ 73430, ♀ 73432), det. as G. bistriatus .

Teruelius ankarana (Lourenço & Goodman, 2003) comb. n. 1♂ 1♀ ( Figs. 14 , 46 , 71–72 , 90 , 100, 128 , 141 , 154–155 , 172 , 188 ), Antsiranana Province, Reserve Special d’Analamerana, Forêt d’Ankavanana , 15.8 km SE Anivorano-Nord, 12°47.7’S 49°22.1E, 200 m a. s. l., 23.I.2004, pitfall trap, in particularly disturbed mixed dry deciduous and humid forest, leg. S. M. Goodman, SMG#14114 ( FMNH 86978 ) ; 8♂ 10♀ 5juvs. ♂ 3juvs. ♀ ( Figs. 100, 202 , 216 , 418–421 ), Antsiranana Province, Ankarana NP, Diego Suarez env., E of Ramena village , 12°57’43.4”S 49°07’13.48”E, 126 m a. s. l., ( FKCP, GLPC) ; 2♂ (after 4th ecdysis) 2♂ (after 5th ecdysis) 2♀, 2011 ( FKCP) ; 1♂, Mahajanga Province, Ankofia riv., Ambodimanga env. (Bora) ( FKCP).

Figures

Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).

Figures 387–390. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Habitus. Male paratype (387–388) and female holotype (389–390), dorsal (387, 389) and ventral (388, 390) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 391–408. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (391–393, 404–405) and female holotype (394–403, 406–408). Figures 391–402. Pedipalp.Chela in dorsal (391, 394), external (392, 395) and ventral (396) views. Patella in dorsal (397), external (398) and ventral (399) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (393, 400) and dorsal (401) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (402). Figures 403–408. Telson in lateral (403, 404) views. Metasoma and telson in lateral (405, 406), dorsal (407) and ventral (408) views.Scale bar: 10 mm (406–408).

Figures 409–417. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (409, 416–417) and female holotype (410–415). Figures 409–411. Carapace and tergites I–III (409–410) and sternopectinal region (411). Figures 412–417. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (412), leg II (413), leg III (414, 416), leg IV (415, 417).

Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).

Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).

Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.

Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.

Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).

Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).

Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).

Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.

Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.

Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).

Figures 418–419. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Male in dorsal (418) and ventral (419) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 420–421. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Female in dorsal (420) and ventral (421) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.