Beilschmiedia wallichiana (G.Don) Kosterm.

de kok, R. P. J., 2016, A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia, Blumea 61 (2), pp. 147-164 : 162

17. Beilschmiedia wallichiana (G.Don) Kosterm. — Map 7

Beilschmiedia wallichiana (G.Don) Kosterm. (1960) 391, f. 6; (1964) 154; Kochummen (1989) 122; I.M. Turner (1995) 277; Tetsana (2005) 60; Sach. Nishida (2008) 365. — Sideroxylon wallichiana G. Don (1838) 28; Kurz (1872) 172; Hook.f. (1886) 180; Kosterm. (1964) 1351. — Sideroxylon rugosum Wall. ( Nees (1831) 4158, nom. inval.). — Litsea rugosa (Wall.) Kurz (1872) 172;Hook.f.(1886) 180. — Malapoenna rugosa (Wall.) Kuntze (1891) 573. — Type: Porter [ Wallich] 4158 ( holotype K-W [K001038280]), Malay Peninsula, Penang.

Trees 1.5–15 m tall, dbh up to 40 cm diam; bark grey. Twigs slender, 3.7–7 mm diam, velutinous when young, soon becoming glabrous; terminal leaf buds lanceolate, 5.3–6.5 mm long, velutinous; hairs long, straight, erect to appressed, light brown. Leaves alternate or arranged spirally, or rarely opposite, blades elliptic to obovate, 13–30 by 4.3–10 cm, leathery; apex acute to acuminate; base cuneate, sometimes asymmetric; secondary veins 7–12 pairs, tertiary veins reticulate; upper surface glabrous, midrib flattened to raised, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins reticulate and distinct; lower surface sparsely hairy on and adjacent to midrib and along the margins, midrib raised, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct. Petiole 10–15 mm long, half terete, velutinous to sparsely hairy. Inflorescence 10– 20 mm long, velutinous, enclosed at base by orbicular bracts 2.5–2.8 mm long, hairy, margin entire; bracteoles orbicular, 1–2 mm long, persistent. Flowers white; perianth tube 0.8–0.9 mm long; perianth lobes lanceolate-oblong, 3–4 mm long, apices acute, sparsely hairy. Stamens 9, 1–2.5 mm long, filaments longer than the anthers. Ovary c. 2 mm long, glabrous; style c. 2 mm long. Fruit (dried) ellipsoid, 16.5–17.2 by 11–15 mm, apex round, base attenuate, surface smooth, shiny. Stalk when mature slightly swollen to 2.9 mm diam, 35–37 mm long, not constricted at apex.

Distribution — Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia.

Ecology — Growing in forests, sometimes among rocks or over shale, at 20–910 m altitude.

IUCN Conservation Assessment — Endangered (EN B2ab (ii,iii)). This species is endemic to Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and is known from only five collections, all made between the 1820s and 1971. The areas where this species was collected have gone through a major period of logging and general modification of the landscape since that time. An analysis of the EOO gives a conservation assessment of Near Threatened, but an analysis of the AOO gives the assessment of Endangered. Given the amount of landscape modification in the region, I consider it here to be Endangered.

Phenology — Flowering: January and February; fruiting in September.

Note — For a discussion of the differences between this species and B. maingayi , see under that species.

Figures

Map 7 Distribution of Beilschmiedia scortechinii (●) and B. wallichiana (▲). Map based on a map provided by d-maps.com.