Ankylopteryx octopunctata candida ( Fabricius, 1798 )

Wu, Jingyu & Liu, Xingyue, 2024, Systematics of the green lacewing tribe Ankylopterygini Navás, 1910 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from China, Zootaxa 5540 (1), pp. 1-169 : 29-33

[10] Ankylopteryx octopunctata candida ( Fabricius, 1798)

( Figs 15–16 , 78 )

Hemerobius candidus Fabricius, 1798: 202 . Type locality: India ( India orientali). Holotype in ZMUK.

Ankylopteryx fraterna Banks, 1939: 473 . Type locality: China (Guangdong, Moi Hinon; Hainan: Ta Hian and Vo Law). Syntype in MCZ .

Ankylopteryx laticosta Banks, 1939: 472 . Type locality: China (Hainan, Ta Hian). Syntype in MCZ .

Ankylopteryx lii Yang, 1987: 204 . Type locality: China (Xizang, Zäyu, Shajiong ). Holotype in CAU.

Ankylopteryx tibetana Yang, 1987: 205 . Type locality: China (Xizang, Zäyu, Dongjiong ). Holotype in CAU.

Ankylopteryx yangi Ma, Yang & Liu, 2020: 49 . Type locality: China (Guizhou, Maolan, Limingguan ). Holotype in CAU. syn. nov.

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the presence of a pair of quadrate black spots below the antennae, the scape with brown stripe on outer side, the pronotum with small brown spots on the anterolateral angle, the metanotum covered by brown markings or only with small brown spots on the anterolateral angle of mesoscutum, the broad and quadrate cell im, the male entoprocessus attached at about basal 1/4 of gonarcus, and the apex of entoprocessus projected in various degree.

Description. Male. Body length 7.4–8.8 mm, forewing length 10.0– 11.4 mm, hindwing length 9.7–11.3 mm.

Head yellow, vertex raised. Compound eyes prominent and blackish-brown. Scape with brown stripe on outer side; two interantennal spots small and black, often absent. A pair of quadrate black spots below antennae. Frons sometimes with red markings. Clypeal margin with brown stripes. Gena with black spots. Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow.

Pronotum anterior margin shorter than posterior margin, with small brown spots on anterolateral angle; mesothorax covered by brown markings or only mesoscutum with brown spots on anterolateral angle, metascutum with small brown spots.

Legs with dense setae. Pro- and mesotibia with median black spot. Pretarsal claws brown, with basal dilation.

Forewing broad, with brown shadings, especially on pterostigma, basal crossvein of inner gradate series and CuP. Costal area broad basally, with 23–25 crossveins; 11–12 radial crossveins present. Base of Rs and apical radial crossveins with brown markings. m1 smaller than m2, im quadrate; 7–8 psm-psc crossveins with small brown shadings. c1 smaller than c2, dcc opened.A1 forked and with small brown shadings, A2 and A3 simple. Inner gradate series with 5–6 crossveins, outer gradate series with 8 crossveins. Faint shadings on forking marginal veins.

Hindwing narrow. Small brown shadings present on pterostigma, inner gradate series, CuP and forking marginal veins. Costal area with 16–19 crossveins; 10–11 radial crossveins and 7–9 psm-psc crossveins present. A1 forked, A2 and A3 simple. Inner gradate series with 4–6 crossveins, outer gradate series with 6 crossveins.

Abdomen with dense setae. Tergum VII and sternum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; sternum VIII fused with sternum IX; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Gonarcus arcuate, lateral arms narrow at base and wide at tip; entoprocessus attached at about basal 1/4 of gonarcus and projected at tip in various degrees; pseudopenis narrowed near base and projected at tip.

Female. Body length 8.5–9.7 mm, forewing length 11.8–13.4 mm, hindwing length 11.2–11.9 mm.

Sternum VII obviously longer than tergum VII; tergum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca thick; vela and ventral impression absent; duct long and coiled.

Material. Type specimens of A. yangi : holotype ♂, China, Guizhou, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Limingguan , 2013.X.14, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); paratype: 1♀, China, Guizhou, Libo County , Maolan National Nature Reserve , Limingguan , 2013.X.14, Feiyang Liang ( CAU). Holotype of A. lii : ♂, China, Xizang, Nyingchi , Zayü , Shajiong , 1700 m, 1978.VI.25, Fasheng Li ( CAU). Type specimens of A. tibetana : holotype ♂, China, Nyingchi, Zayü, Dongjiong, 1570 m, 1978.VI.26, Fasheng Li ( CAU); paratype: 1♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, Shajiong, 1700 m, 1978.VI.25, Fasheng Li ( CAU). 3♂ 6♀, China, Fujian, Quanzhou, Dehua, Shuikou, 1974. XI.6–12, Chikun Yang ( CAU); 1♂, China, Fujian, Jianyang, 1974.IX.09, Fasheng Li ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Hongshulin National Nature Reserve , 2020.VI.11–24 ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve , 2021.IV.26–V.11; 1♂ 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve , 2017.VI.26, Yunlan Jiang ( CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve , 2019.V.28–29, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Huizhou, Mt. Xiangtoushan , 2004. V.11, Mengqing Wang ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Nanling, 2011.V, Zaifu Xu ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Haizhu District , 2020.IX.02–12 ( CAU); 2♀, China, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Mt. Baiyunshan , 1962. IX.09, Leyi Zheng & Hanhua Cheng ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve , 1962.IX.22, Leyi Zheng & Hanhua Cheng ( CAU); 1♂, China, Guangzi, Jingxi, Tongling Large Gorge, 2021.VI.06, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 19♂ 18♀, China, Guangxi, Chongzuo, Longzhou, Nonggang Natural Nature Reserve , 170–200 m, 2021.VI.03–07, Xingyue Liu, Yan Lai & Ying Yang ( CAU); 3♀, China, Guangxi, Ningming, Longrui Nature Reserve , 180 m, 1984.V.16–17, Fasheng Li ( CAU); 2♂ 6♀, China, Guangxi, Chongzuo, Longzhou, Nonggang Natural Nature Reserve , 240 m, 1982.V.18–20, Chikun Yang ( CAU); 2♀, China, Guangxi, Laibin, Yaozu, 1982.VI.11, Fasheng Li ( CAU); 4♀, China, Sichuan, Leshan, 1978.IX.20, Fasheng Li ( CAU); 2♂ 3♀, China, Guizhou, Libo County , Maolan National Nature Reserve , Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guizhou, Libo, Banzhai, 2013.X.13 ( CAU); 1♀, China, Guizhou, Zunyi, Suiyang, Jianba, Huangyu, 2016.III.05, Mengqing Wang ( CAU); 2♂, China, Guizhou, Libo County , Maolan National Nature Reserve , Limingguan, 1990. V.14, Chikun Yang ( IOZ); 1♂ 1♀, China, Guizhou, Libo County , Maolan National Nature Reserve , Limingguan, 1990.X.23, Wenzhu Li ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun, Qimaba, 920–980 m, 2021.VI.03, Yuchen Zheng & Pei Yu ( CAU); 1♂, China, Yunnan, Puer, Menglie, Baimushan, 1000 m, 2021.V.28, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Puer, Simao District , Dachunhe, 1400 m, 2021.V.22, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 2♀, China, Yunnan, Puer, Simao District , Taiyanghe Provincial Nature Reserve , 1450 m, 2016.VIII.12, Yunlan Jiang ( CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1500 m, 2020.VI.11–12, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Baihualing, Hanlongzhai, 1800 m, 2021.V.13–15, Yuchen Zheng & Pei Yu ( CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Puer, Simao District , Dachunhe, 1400 m, 2021.V.22, Yuchen Zheng, Jiazhi Zhang & Chao Wu ( CAU); 1♂, China, Lincang, Mengpeng, Silengba Reservior, 2022.VII.09, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan, Lincang, Linjing Park, 2023.VI.10, Zhixin He ( CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, No. 55 experimental site, 780 m, 2019.IV.25, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan, Cangyuan, Nangunhe National Nature Reserve , Xinya, 600 m, 2019.V.05, Hongyu Li ( CAU); 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Lvshilin Forestry Park, light, 2019.IV.26, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 800 m, 1981.IV.10, Fasheng Li ( CAU); 2♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 1979.IX.16, Shengli Liu ( CAU); 1♂, China, Lincang, Zhenkang, Nansan, 1100 m, 1980.IV.30, Ming Zhang ( CAU); 1 ex, China, Yunnan, Puer, 1320 m, 1981.IV.06, Chikun Yang ( CAU); 1♀, China, Xishuangbanna, Menglong, 1958.IV.15, Xuwu Meng ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 600 m, 1994.IV.12, Xiaolin Chen ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang, 850 m, 1958.VIII.20, Yiran Zhang ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 500 m, 1956.IV.20, Keren Huang ( IOZ); 1♂, China, Xizang, Nyingch, Mêdog, Miri, 810 m, 2018.VII.27, Hongyu Li ( CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Mêdog, Miri, 1000 m, 2020.VIII.19, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 2♂ 3♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, 1500–1570 m, 2020.VIII.09, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 3♂, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Mêdog, Guoguotang, 840 m, 2022.VI.21, Yuezheng Tu ( CAU); 1♂, China, Xizang, Mêdog, Baibung, 2012.VII.31, Xuankun Li ( CAU); 1♀, China, Xizang, Mêdog, Baibung, Jiangxin, 799 m, 2018.VII.29, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♂, China, Nyingchi, Mêdog, 900 m, 2020.VIII.18, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 1♂, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Mêdog, 1630 m, 2018.VI.25, Liang Wang ( CAU); 1♂, China, Xizang, Shigatse, Yatung, 2900 m, 2020.VIII.02–04, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 2♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, Rongyü, 1800 m, 2021.VIII.08, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, Bündü, 2000 m, 2020.VIII.11, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU); 1♀, China, Hainan, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan National Forestry Park, 1964.III.26, Shengli Liu ( CAU); 2♂ 2♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, Xinglong, 1974.XII.20, Chikun Yang ( CAU); 1♂, Hainan, Wanning, Xinglong, 1974.XII.21, Fasheng Li ( CAU); 4♀, China, Danzhou, Nada, 1974. XII.07–09, Chikun Yang ( CAU); 1♀, China, Hainan, Baoting, 1964.IX.08 ( CAU); 2♂ 1♀, China, Hainan, Dongfang, Datian National Nature Reserve , 2022.IV.30, Yuchen Zheng & Ying Yang ( CAU); 1♀, China, Hainan, Wenchang, Qinglan Port, 1965.II.07, Sikong Liu ( CAU); 1♂ 7♀, China, Hainan, Yingfeng, 200 m, 1960.V.04, Changqing Li ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Yingfeng, 200 m, 1960.V.04, Suofu Li ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, 10 m, 1960.IV.16, Changqing Li ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, 10 m, 1960.IV.16, Xuezhong Zhang ( IOZ); 1♂ 6♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, 10 m, 1960.IV.16, Suofu Li ( IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Qiongzhong, 400 m, 1960.VII.13, Suofu Li ( IOZ); 10♂ 2♀, China, Chongqing, Beipei District , Mt. Jinyunshan , 700 m, 2021.VIII.18–19, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Liangping District , Luojiawan, 2012.VIII.11–12, Zhifei Li ( CAU); 1♀, China, Taiwan, Pingdong, Chunyang, Mt. Dahanshan , 900 m, 2018.V.02, Wenyi Zhou ( CAU); 1♂, China, Taiwan, Nantou, Lugu, Fenghuanggu Ecological Park, 2016.I.04, Yisheng Zhao ( CAU); 1♀, China, Taiwan, Pingdong, Manzhou, 50 m, 2019.VI.08, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 8♂ 6♀, China, Taiwan, Pingdong, Mt. Lilongshan , 2013.VI.18, Feiyang Liang ( CAU); 1♀, China, Hong Kong, Dapu District , Shaluodong, 136 m, 2016.VII.11, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, China, Macau, Jiulong District , Jiaoye Park, 2019.V.10 ( CAU); 1♂, China, Hong Kong, Dayushan, Ho Pui Reservoir, V. 09–11 ( CAU); 1♂, China, Hong Kong, Dapu District , Shaluodong, 2016.VII.11, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 2♂ 1♀, Laos, nr. Vang Vieng, 2018.III.05, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♂, Laos, Saravan, Phou Xiang Thong NBCA, Muang Không Xedon, 140 m, 2017.VI.04 ( CAU); 1♂, Laos, Champasak, Paksong, Tad Fane Waterfall, 940 m, 2018.II.28, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); Laos, Bolikhamxay, Phou Khao Khouay NBCA, nr. Na Xay, 130 m, 2018.III.04, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, Laos, Huaphan, Muang Hiam – Xam Neua, 1210–1440 m, 2017.VI.06, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 2♂ 2♀, Laos, Luang Namtha, Namha NBCA along Roate 3, 690– 750 m, 2016.III.22 ( CAU); 3♂ 3♀, Laos, Vientiane, Vang Vieng, Phahom, 350 m, 2018.III.05, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, Laos, Champasak, Xe Pian NBCA, 2017.VII.17, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue, Bach Ma National Park , 150 m, 2011.IX.27, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♀, Japan, Okinawa, Ishigaki-jima, Hirano, 150 m, 2012.IV, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 2♂ 1♀, Japan, Okinawa, Ishigaki-jima, Airagawa Komi, 2012.VI.29, Xingyue Liu ( CAU); 1♂ 2♀, Myanmar, Chin State, Kanpetlet, 1601 m, 2016.II.03 ( CAU).

Distribution. China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan); Japan (Okinawa); Laos (Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Huaphan, Luang Namtha, Saravan, Vientiane, Vang Vieng); India (eastern India); Myanmar (Chin); Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue).

Remarks. Ankylopteryx octopunctata has seven subspecies and only A. octopunctata candida has been recorded from China. We found that this subspecies shows a high degree of intraspecific variations in marking patterns and projection of apex of entoprocessus. Ankylopteryx yangi Ma, Yang & Liu, 2020 has similar head and wing markings with A. octopunctata candida . According to original description, A. yangi differs from A. octopunctata candida by the brown mesonotum and the slightly weak projection of apex of entoprocessus. However, based on our examination of type specimens of A. yangi and additional specimens from Yunnan, Xizang, Guangxi and Myanmar, we found that A. yangi also shows different levels of projection of apex of entoprocessus. Moreover, genetic distance of COI fragment between these specimens is less than 0.02. Therefore, we synonymize Ankylopteryx yangi with Ankylopteryx octopunctata candida .

Figures

FIGURE 15. Ankylopteryx octopunctata candida (Fabricius, 1798). A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Thorax, dorsal view; E. Male genitalia, lateral view; F–H. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, dorsal view; I. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, lateral view; J. Pseudopenis, dorsal view; K. Pseudopenis, lateral view; L. Female genitalia; M. Subgenitale; N. Spermatheca. Scale bar: 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B–D).

FIGURE 16. Ankylopteryx yangi Ma, Yang & Liu, 2020. A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Thorax, dorsal view; E. Male genitalia, lateral view; F–H. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, dorsal view; I. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, lateral view; J. Pseudopenis, dorsal view; K. Pseudopenis, lateral view; L. Female genitalia, lateral view; M. Subgenitale; N. Spermatheca. Scale bar: 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B–D).

FIGURE 78. Distribution map of species of Ankylopteryx from China.