Cyriocosmus

Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri, Bertani, Rogério & Jr, Pedro Ismael Da Silva, 2005, Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae), Zootaxa 846, pp. 1-31 : 14-17

Cyriocosmus nogueira­netoi new species

Figs 11–12 , 28 , 34 , 45 , 58

Holotype female, IBSP 9193, from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, D. Pinz, November 1996. Paratype male, IBSP 8899, from the same locality and collector.

Etymology: The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr. Paulo Nogueira­Neto, a Brazilian researcher who plays an important role on creation and application of the environmental protection law and in nature conservation.

Diagnosis: The female differs from all other species in the genus by having the spermathecae with a sinuous neck ending in a rounded non­caliciform seminal receptacle ( Fig.

34). The male differs from that of C. fasciatus , C. sellatus , C. ritae and C. blenginii by the absence of a retrolateral field with spiniform hairs on the palpal tibia and from C. fernandoi new species by the smooth prolateral superior keel ( Figs 11, 12 ), metatarsus I contacting the two branches of the tibial apophysis when folded, and by the origin of the paraembolic apophysis dorsally to the embolus. It can be distinguished from C. chicoi by having the cephalothorax with a blackish area covering only the cephalic region, and the abdominal color pattern having the lighter central area invaginated forwards ( Fig. 45 ). It differs from other species by having a long paraembolic apophysis.

Female: Total length, not including chelicerae or spinnerets, 31.67. Cephalothorax length 11.67, width 10.33. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.36, ALE 0.45, PME 0.29, PLE 0.35; AME­AME 0.24, AME­ALE 0.14, PME­PME 0.93, PME­PLE 0.07, ALE­PLE 0.15 AME­PME 0.13, ALE­ALE 1.12, PLE­PLE 1.32. Eye tubercle: length 1.33, width 1.86; clypeus absent. Fovea recurved, short and shallow. Labium length 1.67, width 2.08, with 88 cuspules, maxillae with approximately 100 cuspules on the inner corner. Sternum length 5.00, width 4.33. Sigilla: second pair one diameter and a half from margin, third and fourth pair one diameter from margin, all sigilla hardly visible. Chelicerae with 9 teeth on promargin, being 3 well developed and 6 smaller. Tarsi I–IV densely scopulate, scopulae of tarsi III divided by narrow band of setae, IV widely divided. Metatarsi I densely scopulate along 4/ 5 their length, II scopulate 2/3 their length, III scopulate on distal half and IV scopulate 1/ 4 their length. Length of legs and palpal segments in Table 2 . Spination: femurs I–IV and palp 0; patellae I–IV and palp 0; tibiae I 0, II v 0­0­2 (apical), III v 0­0­2 (apical), p 0­0­1 and r 0­1­0; IV v 0­0­2 (apical), r 0­1­0 and palp v 0­0­3 (apical); metatarsi I v 1 ­0­1 (apical); II v 0­1­2 (apical); III v 1­2 ­3 (apical), p 1­1­1, r 0­0­1; IV v 9 (3 apicals), p 0­0­1, r 0­0­1. Coxae I–IV without stridulatory hairs. Spermathecae with convex base, narrowing abruptly into a sinuous neck ending in a rounded seminal receptacle. Posterior lateral spinnerets with three articles, the basal article longer than the median, which is longer than the apical; lateral median spinnerets with one article. Urticating type III hair, with short barbs, on the central dorsum of the abdomen. Cephalothorax reddish brown with cephalic region almost totally dark, legs and palpi black except for reddish brown trochanters and coxae. Dorsal abdominal pattern with five pairs of lateral­radial clear stripes; the clear central region projects anteriorly ( Fig. 45 ).

Male: Total length, not including chelicerae or spinnerets, 15.33. Cephalothorax length 9.00, width 7.33. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.32, ALE 0.35, PME 0.24, PLE 0.28; AME­ AME 0.13, AME­ALE 0.09, PME­PME 0.61, PME­PLE 0.06, ALE­PLE 0.13 AME­PME 0.12, ALE­ALE 0.92, PLE­PLE 1.04. Eye tubercle length 1.04, width 1.4; clypeus absent. Fovea straight, short and shallow. Labium length 0.96, width 1.3, with 67 cuspules, maxillae with approximately 100 cuspules in the inner corner. Sternum length 3.3, width 2.8, with rounded, hardly visible sigilla, all pairs one diameter from margin. Chelicerae with 8 well developed teeth on promargin and a row of small teeth. Tarsi I–IV densely scopulate, tarsi III divided by a narrow band of setae, IV widely divided by setae. Metatarsi I densely scopulate on distal half, II–III scopulate less than a half and IV scopulate less than 1/3. Length of legs and palpal segments in Table 3 . Spination: femurs I–IV p 0­0­1 and palp 0; patellae I­IV and palp 0; tibiae I v 1­1 ­1 (apical), p 1­1­0, II v 1­1 ­3 (apicals), p 1­1­0, III v 2­2 ­3 (apical), p 1­1­0 and r 1­1­1; IV 2­3 ­6 (3 apicals), p 1­1­1, r 1­1­1 and palp 0; metatarsi I v 0­0­1 (apical); II v 2 ­0­1 (apical), p 1­1­0; III v 2­2 ­3 (apicals), p 1­1­1, r 0­1­1; IV v 12 (2 apicals). Coxae I–IV without stridulatory hairs. Posterior lateral spinnerets with three articles, basal article longer than median, which is longer than apical; lateral median spinnerets with one article. Urticating type III hair, with short barbs, on the central dorsum of the abdomen. Cephalothorax reddish brown with cephalic region almost totally dark, femurs to tarsi dark brown and darker than coxae and trochanters. Abdomen with same pattern as female ( Fig. 45 ).

Distribution: known only from type locality, Rio Branco, State of Acre, Brazil ( Fig. 56 ).

Figures

FIGURE 56. Map showing the distribution of Cyriocosmus species in South America. Shaded area = forested regions.

FIGURES 11 – 20. Left palpal bulbs of Cyriocosmus. (11 – 12) C. nogueira­netoi new species paratype (IBSP 8899), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. (13 – 14) C. fernandoi new species holotype (IBSP 10966), Brazil, Mato Grosso, U. H. E. Guaporé, Pontes e Lacerda. (15 – 16) C. chicoi paratype (IBSP 4974) Brazil, Rondônia, Porto Velho. (17 – 18) C. ritae holotype (IBSP 4951), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco, Humaitá. (19 – 20) C. sellatus (IBSP 8900) Brazil, Acre, Serra do Divisor. (11, 13, 15, 17, 19) retrolateral, (12, 14, 16, 18, 20) prolateral. Scale bar = 1 mm. E = embolus, PA = paraembolic apophysis, PS = prolateral superior keel.

FIGURES 24 – 33. Leg I male tibial apophysis, ventral. Left legs, except figures 25, 32 – 33 drawn from right leg. (24) C. versicolor (MACN­Ar 6525), Argentina, Salta. (25) C. bertae holotype (IBSP 4950), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. (26) C. leetzi (ICN­Ar 33), Colômbia, Casanare, Vereda El Guineo, Agua Azul. (27) C. elegans (RCW), Tobago Island, Speyside. (28) C. nogueira­netoi new species paratype (IBSP 8899), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. (29) C. fernandoi new species holotype (IBSP 10966), Brazil, Mato Grosso, U. H. E. Guaporé, Pontes e Lacerda. (30) C. chicoi paratype (IBSP 4974) Brazil, Rondônia, Porto Velho. (31) C. ritae (IBSP 4951), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. (32) C. sellatus (IBSP 8900) Brazil, Acre, Serra do Divisor. (33) C. fasciatus lectotype (MNRJ), Brazil, Cuminá River. Scale bar = 1 mm Hatched area indicates the region of contact of metatarsus I with male tibial apophysis, when flexed.

FIGURES 34 – 39. Spermathecae, dorsal. (34) C. nogueira­netoi new species holotype (IBSP 9193), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. (35) C. fernandoi new species paratype (IBSP 10967), Brazil, Mato Grosso, U. H. E. Guaporé, Pontes e Lacerda. (36) C. chicoi holotype (IBSP 4947), Brazil, Rondônia, U. H. E. Samuel, Porto Velho. (37) C. elegans (MNRJ), Venezuela, Carabobo, Otama Island. (38) C. leetzi (ICN­Ar 1603), Colombia, Cubarral, Meta, upper Jupuaro River, Vereda Vergel. (39) C. fasciatus paralectotype (MNRJ) Brazil, Cuminá River. Scale bar = 1 mm. BCP = basal convex plate. CSR = caliciform seminal receptacle. N = neck.

FIGURES 45 – 50. Cephalothorax and abdominal color pattern of Cyriocosmus species. (45) C. nogueira­netoi new species female holotype (IBSP 9193), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. (46) C. fernandoi new species female paratype (IBSP 10967), Brazil, Mato Grosso, U. H. E. Guaporé, Pontes e Lacerda. (47) C. chicoi female paratype (IBSP 4947) Brazil, Rondônia, U. H. E. Samuel, Jamari River, Porto Velho. (48) C. ritae male holotype (IBSP 4951), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. (49) C. sellatus male (IBSP 8900) Brazil, Acre, Serra do Divisor National Park. (50) C. blenginii male holotype (BMNH 1294.8.29.1), Bolivia, Mamoré River, drawn from photographs. From top to bottom: cephalothorax, dorsal abdomen, ventral abdomen and lateral abdomen.

FIGURE 58. C. nogueira­netoi new species female holotype (IBSP 9193), Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco. Photo: R. Bertani.

Tables

TABLE 2. Cyriocosmus nogueira­netoi new species female holotype. Measurements of legs and palp.

	I	II	III	IV	Palp
Femur	8.5	7.2	6.7	8.8	6.0
Patella	5.1	4.7	4.0	4.7	3.7
Tibia	5.8	4.5	4.5	6.7	3.7
Metatarsus	4.5	4.5	5.3	7.5	­­­