Metamastigophorophyllon giljarovi ( Lang, 1959 )

Antić, Dragan Ž. & Makarov, Slobodan E., 2016, The Caucasus as a major hotspot of biodiversity: Evidence from the millipede family Anthroleucosomatidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida), Zootaxa 4211 (1), pp. 1-205 : 116-122

Metamastigophorophyllon giljarovi ( Lang, 1959)

Figs 95–99

Mastigophorophyllon giljarovi Lang, 1959: 1790 –1796, figs 1–3.

Diagnosis. Differs from the other Metamastigophorophyllon species by the presence of a low and hairless sternal lamella or by the presence of a very hairy medial part of the anterior gonopods.

Material studied (total: 79 males, 37 females, 10 juveniles). Topotypes and near-topotypes (total: 6 males, 2 females). All from RUSSIA, Krasnodar Province, Sochi : 1 male ( ZMUM ρ3344) , 2 females (ZMUM ρ3345), Khosta, Taxus & Buxus grove with Fagus , litter and under bark, 15 May 1985, S. Golovatch leg.; 1 male, ca 8 km E of Khosta, Cave “ Our Lady ”, Buxus , Fagus , Acer , etc. forest near entrance, litter and under stones, 16 May 1985, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3346) ; 1 male, Khosta , Taxus & Buxus grove, Mar. 2006, Y. Chumachenko leg. ( ZMUM ρ3347) ; 1 male, same data, except Apr. 2006 ( ZMUM ρ3348) ; 1 male, same data, except Jun. 2006 ( ZMUM ρ3349) , 1 male, Dagomys , 250 m asl, Quercus , Carpinus , Fagus shrub, litter, logs, 18 May 1983, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3350).

Other material (total: 73 males, 35 females, 10 juveniles). RUSSIA, Krasnodar Province : 4 males, 2 females, 1 juvenile, Tuapse Distr., 15 km SE of Novomikhaylovskiy, Psebe , deciduous forest, litter, under stones and in rotten logs, 29 Oct. 1981, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3351) ; 1 male, Goryachiy Klyuch , 10 km S of village Fanagoriyskaya , mixed forest ( Fagus , Quercus , Picea , etc.) litter, under stones and in rotten logs, 30 Oct. 1981, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3352) ; 3 males, same data, except Fagus & Acer forest, litter, logs, 19 May 1983 ( ZMUM ρ3353) ; 1 male, Caucasian Nature Reserve, Pslukh, ca 20 km E of Krasnaya Polyana, Mt Kogot , Abies & Fagus forest, 1000 m asl, litter, under bark and stones, 18–20 May 1985, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3354) ; 1 male, 2 females, 8 juveniles, Adygea, Caucasian Nature Reserve, Pasture Abago near Guzeripl , litter, under bark and stones, Abies , Fagus , Acer , Betula forest, up to timber-line and in subalpine meadows, 1700–1850 m asl., 24–26 May 1985, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3355) ; 6 males, 3 females, same data, except 1770 m asl, near timber-line, pitfall trapping, 4 Jun.–02 Jul. 2009, Y. Chumachenko leg. ( ZMUM ρ3356) ; 1 male, Adygea, near Dakhovskaya , broadleaved forest, near pond, 5 Jun. 2013, R. Zuev leg. ( ZMUM ρ3357).

ABKHAZIA: 1 male, 1 female, 1 juvenile, Gumista Nature Reserve , forest litter, 4 Jun. 1982, J. Boháč leg. ( ZMUM ρ3358) ; 49 males, 24 females (ZMUM ρ3359), 6 males, 3 females (IZB), Myussera Nature Reserve, 20– 130 m asl, mixed deciduous forest ( Castanea , Alnus , etc.), litter, under bark and stones, 8–10 Apr. 1983, S. Golovatch leg.

Type locality. RUSSIA: near Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi , Krasnodar Province.

Redescription. Body with 31 segments (including telson) in adults.

MEASUREMENTS. Males 12–14.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 1.1–1.15 mm. Females 15–19 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 1.3–1.5 mm.

COLORATION ( Fig. 95 ). Dorsal and lateral sides of prozonites greyish, dorsolateral and ventrolateral sides with yellowish spots. Metazonites anteriorly greyish, posteriorly brownish, laterally with yellowish spots, ventrolaterally yellowish. First few body segments darker.

HEAD. Slightly concave in males. Labrum with three medial teeth and 5+5 labral and 2+2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, without setae. Lingual plates with 7+8 setae. Stipites with ca 30+30 setae. Antennae 1.9 mm long in paratype male. Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.1), II (0.2), III (0.46), IV (0.25), V (0.53), VI (0.2), VII (0.15) and VIII (0.01). Length/breadth ratios of antennomeres I–VII: I (1), II (1.4), III (4), IV (2), V (3.5), VI (1.4) and VII (1.5). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one sensillum, respectively. Number of ocelli 21–25, arranged in 5–6 rows in males; 22–27 in 5–7 rows in females.

COLLUM. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave.

BODY SEGMENTS ( Figs 95 , 96 A–D). Lateral keels not developed; only barely visible lateral swellings present.

Macrochaetae short, straight and trichoid, outer somewhat longer than inner and medial. CIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.75; MIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.9; PIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.2; MA (pleurotergite 15) ~ 155˚.

TELSON. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3+3 setae (1+1 paramedian, 2+2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1+1 apical setae. Paraprocts with 3+3 marginal setae.

WALKING LEGS. In both sexes, leg-pairs 1 and 2 with tarsal combs; prefemora with several long and robust setae; femora and postfemora with a group of several long and robust setae.

MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS ( Figs 96 E, F, 97). Leg-pairs 3–7 enlarged. Leg-pairs 3 and 4 each with all podomeres swollen; prefemur with a basal exterior protrusion. Leg-pair 5 with an oral protrusion on prefemur. Legpair 6 without peculiarities. Leg-pair 7 with a coxal process; femur the most robust. Leg-pair 10 with coxal glands and a well-developed coxal horn orientated caudad, these horns nicely abut between opening of coxal gland and remainder of coxae of leg-pair 11. Leg-pair 11 with coxal glands, no other peculiarities.

ANTERIOR GONOPODS ( Figs 98 A–C, 99). Anterior sternal lamella (sl) [= S sensu Mauriès (1982): 387, figs 1 and 3] reduced, low, doubled and hairless. Coxal processes (cp) fused; only distally with a small notch (n). Outer branches (ob) [= T sensu Mauriès (1982): 387, figs 1–3] of lateral coxal processes simple and well-expressed; apically simple or with two teeth; posteromesal edges of lower third clothed with setae. Outer and inner branches (ib) of lateral coxal processes connected to each other by a hairy lamella (l). Inner branches (ib) [= T’ sensu Mauriès (1982): 387, figs 1–3] of lateral coxal processes divided in upper third into two processes: an anterointerior (aib) and a postero-exterior (pib). Postero-exterior process with one tooth-like structure posteriorly; this process probably has a function in sperm transfer. Antero-interior process somewhat wider, especially its apical part with minute denticles. Posterobasally, a pair of mesally orientated hairy levers (hl) [= N sensu Mauriès (1982): 387, figs 1 and 3] present. Medial part (mp) [= K sensu Mauriès (1982): 387, figs 1–3] of coxal processes is winglike, the lowest and the hairiest part of the anterior gonopods; setae present on posterior side. Mesal egdes of medial part folded inside and orientated posteriorly. In addition, two barely visible, short rows of setae (rs) present posteriorly.

POSTERIOR GONOPODS ( Figs 98 D, 99A–D, F). Coxites (c) divided. Telopodites (t) present on posterolateral side, more reduced than in other species, without setae. Distal part of coxal processes (cp) curved mesally and posteriorly, ending up with two teeth. Coxal vesicles (cv) present on anterior side.

Distribution. Abkhazia, Russia ( Lang 1959; present study) ( Fig. 166 , yellow triangle).

Notes. Lang (1959) stated Krasnaya Polyana (near Sochi) as the locality for his Mastigophorophyllon giljarovi . Since we do not know if the types still exist, this prevents us from designating a neotype. All samples from near Sochi we consider here as topotypes or near-topotypes.

Figures

FIGURE 95. Metamastigophorophyllon giljarovi (Lang, 1959), male from Myussera Nature Reserve, Abkhazia, habitus. Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURE 96. Metamastigophorophyllon giljarovi (Lang, 1959), male from Myussera Nature Reserve, Abkhazia. A. Pleurotergites 14 and 15, posterior view. B. Pleurotergites 14 and 15, lateral view. C. Pleurotergites 14 and 15, dorsal view. D. Metazonite 14, dorsal view. E. Leg 5. F. Leg 7.

FIGURE 97. Metamastigophorophyllon giljarovi (Lang, 1959), male from Krasnodar Province. A. Leg 3. B. Leg 4. C. Leg 10. Scale lines = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 98. Metamastigophorophyllon giljarovi (Lang, 1959), male from Krasnodar Province. A. Anterior gonopods, anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods, lateral view. C. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. D. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. c = coxite; l = lamella; n = distal notch; t = telopodite; cp = coxal process; cv = coxal vesicle; hl = hairy lever; ib = inner branch; mp = medial part; ob = outer branch; rs = row of setae; sl = sternal lamella; aib = anterior part of inner branch; pib = posterior part of inner branch. Scale line = 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 99. Metamastigophorophyllon giljarovi (Lang, 1959), male from Myussera Nature Reserve, Abkhazia, gonopodal block. A. Anterior view. B. Lateral view. C., E. and F. Posterior view. D. Distal view. c = coxite; l = lamella; t = telopodite; cp = coxal process; cv = coxal vesicle; ib = inner branch; mp = medial part; ob = outer branch; sl = sternal lamella; aib = anterior part of inner branch; pib = posterior part of inner branch.

FIGURE 166. Distribution of the Cucasian Anthroleucosomatidae: the Alloiopus and the Enghoffiella complexes.