Anerastia lotella (Hübner, [1813])

Bidzilya, Oleksiy, Budashkin, Yuriy & Yepishin, Viktor, 2020, Review of the tribe Anerastiini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) from Ukraine, Zootaxa 4718 (1), pp. 1-24 : 12-15

Anerastia lotella (Hübner, [1813])

Tinea lotella Hübner, [1813] : pl. 48, fig. 334. Type locality: Europe.

= Tinea miniosella Zincken, 1818: 126 . Type locality: Germany: area of Bad Schandau near Dresden.

= Anerastia dubia Gerasimov, 1928: 35–36 , pl. V, figs 1, 2; pl. VI, figs 5, 6, 8. Type locality: Ukraine, Kyiv vicinity: Trostjanetzkoje lesnitshestvo near Bortnichi station. Syn. nov.

Anerastia lotella dignella P. Leraut, 2014: 91–92 , pl. 17, figs 9, 10. Type locality: France: Alpes de Haute-Provence, Digne. Subspecies.

Material examined. Ukraine: 1♂, Volyn reg., Tsumanska pushcha, sanatorium Prolisok , 20.vi.2008 (O. Bidzilya) ( ZMKU) . 1♀, Rivne region, Klevan’ 9 km N, sanatorium Chervona Kalyna , 19.vii.2014 (O. Bidzilya) ( ZMKU) . 1♂, 1 ex, Zhytomyr reg., vic. Pochuiky , 10.viii.2010 (M. Nesterov) (VYe) . 2 ex., 12♂, 6♀, Kyiv reg., Trostjanetzkoje lesnitshestvo (Prope statio Bortnitshi ), at light, 5, 26.vi, 21.vii, 2.viii.1926, 13.vi, 2.viii.1927, 16.vii.1928, 13.vii.1929 (J. Zhycharev). Genitalia slide: O. Bidzilya prep. no. 212 / 18♀, 227/ 18♀, 230/ 18♂. 2♂, 1♀, Kyiv reg., Kiew, Rossia m. oc., 13.vi.1916, 1.viii.1917, 20.v.1918 (L. Sheljuzhko) (all ZMKU) . 1♂, 3 ex., Kyiv reg., Muzytchi , at light, 24.vi, 3.viii.2006, 21.vii.2007 (M. Nesterov) . 1♂, Kyiv reg., Vasylkiv dstr., Dibrova , 16.vii, 21.viii.2010, 3.vi.2011 (M. Zaika). Genitalia slide: V. Yepishin prep. no. 061.18 ♂. 1 ex., 4♀, Kyiv reg., Fastiv , at light, 1- 2.viii.2014, 25-26.vi, 11-12.vii.2017, 26-27, 30-31.vii.2018 ( V. Yepishin) (all VYe) . 1♂, Kyiv reg., Vita Poshtova , at light, 5.viii.1996 (I. Kostjuk) ( ZMKU) . 1♀, Chernihiv reg., Kozelets dstr., Otrochy , at light, 6-7.vii.2014 ( V. Yepishin) (VYe) . 1♀, Chernihiv reg., Nizhyn at light, 18.vi.2018 ( V. Kavurka). Genitalia slide: V. Yepishin prep. no. 051.18 (VYe) . 2♂, Kharkiv reg., Dvurichanskiy distr., Novomlynsk , 18-21.vii.2017 ( V. Mushynskiy & A. Zhakov) ; 1♀, Dnipropetrovsk reg., Pavlograd distr., s. Kocheryzhki , mixed forest, 24.vi.2015 ( V. Mushynskiy & A. Zhakov) . 1♀. Pavlograd distr., s. Bulahovka , 6.vii.2015 ( V. Mushynskiy) . 7♂, 2♀, Zaporizhzhia reg., Melitopol distr., Mirne , 6, 26, 28.viii.2015. ( V. Mushynskiy). Genitalia slide: O. Bidzilya prep. no. 267 / 18♂; 1♂, Priazovskiy reg., Stepanivka 1-a, 6-8.vii.2017 ( V. Mushynskiy & A. Zhakov) (all VM) . 2♂, Kherson reg., 10 km NE Radensk, Oleshky Sands , at light, 18.vi.2010 (I. Kostjuk), 6.vi.2015 (O. Bidzilya) . 2♂, Kherson reg., Hola Prystan dstr., vic. Burkuty , 21, 22.vi.2017 (O. Bidzilya) ( ZMKU) ; 2♂, same data but 12-14.vii.2019 ( V. Yepishin) (VYe) ; 2♂, 1♀, same data but 13,14. ix.2019 (O. Bidzilya & V. Yepishin) . 2♂, Luhansk reg., South vic. Sievierodonetsk , at light, 26.vi, 4.ix.2015 (S. Demianenko) ; 1♂, Seiverodonetsk , 4.vi.2014 (S. Demianenko) (all ZMKU) .

1♂, Russia, Perm Kray, Osa, vii.[19]09. 2♂, [ Russia], Zabaikalskiy kray, vic. Nizhniy Tsasuchey, pine forest, at light, 30.vi., 1.vii.1997 (O. Bidzilya, I. Kostjuk & O. Kostjuk). Genitalia slide: O. Bidzilya prep. no. 226/18. 1♀, 1ex, Kazakhstan, Dzharkent, 1915. 1♂, Kazakhstan, Ussek ad Djarkent, v.1915. Genitalia slide: O. Bidzilya prep. no. 215/18. 1 ex., Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 25.vi. 1 ♂, Tajikistan, Task-Kurgan, 1913. 2♂, China, Inner Mongolia, 80 km N Khuakhot, Zhao-Khe, 10.viii.2007 (O. Bidzilya). Genitalia slide: O. Bidzilya prep. no. 216/18 (all ZMKU). Lectotype of Anerastia dubia : ♂, Lectotypus. “Darnits[a]. Trost., Lesnaya dacha, 5.VI. [19]26, Kievsko gub.[ernii], I. Zhukharev” | “ Anerastia , ♂, dubia Geras. ”| praep., micr., № 831”” Lectotypus ♂, Saluria dubia Grsm. , design. S. Yu. Sinev”. Paralectotype of Anerastia dubia , ♀ ditto, but ” Paralectotypus ♀, Saluria dubia Grsm. , design. S. Yu. Sinev” (all ZIN)

Comparative material studied. Holotype of Anerastia incarnata ♀, “ Sicilien, Kahlbg.” | “Origin” | “ incarnata Stgr. ” | “ holotypus, ♀ ” | “Prep. Nr. 5334 ♀ ” ( MfN).

Re-description. Adult ( Figs 15–21 ). Wingspan 19–29 mm.

Head brown mixed with grey, frons with a short medial hump, labial palpus straight or weakly down curved, upper surface usually weakly arched up, three time as long as diameter of an eye, covered with brown, grey-tipped scales, inner and lower surface light grey, base dirty white, proboscis as long as the length of labial palpus ( Figs 16a, 21 ), scape broad, brown, flagellum brown, antenna in male thicker than antenna in female.

Thorax and tegulae brown mixed with grey. Forewing grey to light brown mixed with dark brown, subcostal vein distinctly mottled with white, cilia grey; hindwing and cilia dark grey.

Variation. A very variable species. Ground colour of the forewing, head and thorax ranges from dark bown to ochreous brown and to light grey, costal margin distinctly mottled with white, and black point in the cell corner developed in some specimens.

Male genitalia ( Figs 22–31 ). Uncus large, single, subrectangular, about as long as broad, strongly edged and covered with short setae laterally, posterior margin straight with short V-shaped medial incision. Gnathos stout, subrectangular, broadened apically, terminated into two short lateral lobes densely covered with small spines, ventral posterio-medial process large, subrectangular, dorsal posterio-medial process short, pointed. Tegumen with indistinct transition to uncus, subequal to uncus in length and width. Valva three times as long as broad at base, covered with hair-like setae along margins, parallel-sided to 2/3 length, then ventral margin narrowing towards weakly pointed apex, transverse weakly angulated fold at 2/3 length. Juxta plate rounded. Saccus short, broadly rounded. Aedeagus slightly shorter than valva, weakly narrowed at base, apex truncate or oblique cut, vesica about as long as the length of the aedeagus, the straight cornutus distinctly longer than the ring-shaped cornutus.

Variation. Medial incision on the posterior margin of uncus varying in width and length; gnathos varying in width; posteriolateral lobes of gnathos range from subtirnagular to subrectangular; ventral process of gnathos varying from broad, nearly right triangular to narrow, claw-shaped ( Figs 23–31 ).

Female genitalia ( Figs 32–35 ). Papillae anales subtriangular, densely covered with strong setae, base strongly sclerotized. Apophyses posteriores straight, as long as the length of apophyses anteriores and twice as long as the length of segment VIII. Segment VIII subrectangular, tergum with narrow triangular medial incision on the posterior margin, posterior plate about 1/3 length of tergum, anterior margin serrated, straight or weakly emarginated, sternum evenly sclerotised, subgenital plates narrow, subtriangular with rounded inner angle. Ductus bursae narrow in the distal portion, evenly broadened posteriorely forming funnel-shaped antrum, anteriorely gradually broadened and without distinct transition to pear-shaped corpus bursae, signum absent.

Biology. Larvae were observed living in silken tube covered with sands and frass in tussock on Poaceae in Kazakhstan ( Falkovitsh 1969: 459). In Ukraine, adults have been collected from late May to mid September.

Distribution. Palaearctic ( Sinev 2008; Leraut 2014), Nearctic ( Pohl et al. 2016) and Afrotropical (Sudan) regions ( De Prins & De Prins 2019). Ukraine: Kyiv ( Sovinskij 1926, 1935; Zhikharev 1928; Lebedev 1937), Chernivtsi ( Hormuzaki 1907), Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv ( Klemenciewicz 1898), Ternopil ( Toll 1939), Volyn (new record), Rivne ( Andrianov 2018), Zhytomyr ( Ksienzhopolskii 1915; Govorun & Nazarov 2009), Luhansk ( Geryak et al. 2013; Pak 1998), Chernihiv ( Govorun et al. 2004), Sumy ( Govorun 2003a, b, 2005, 2008a; Govorun & Sheshurak 2007), Kharkiv (Karolinsky et al. 2018), Donetsk ( Pak 1998), Dnipropetrovsk (new record), Zaporizhzhia (new record) and Kherson regions ( Govorun 2008b).

Remarks. Anerastia dubia was described from one male and one female collected in the vicinity of Kyiv. Type specimens are deposited in the collection of ZIN (Sankt-Petersburg, Russia). Their labels were published ( Sinev 1990). Boths type specimens are partially destroyed: the male lectotype has no head ( Fig. 17 ) and the female paralectotype lacks head and left hindwing. Moreover, the female genitalia of the paralectotype, the aedeagus, one of the valva and the ventral process of gnathos of the lectotype are missing in the glycerol vials, where the genitalia slides are kept (Sinev pers. comm.).

Gerasimov (1928) separated A. dubia from A. lotella superficially by the forewing that are strongly narrowed at base and has nearly straight rather than weakly curved in A. lotella costal margin. The shorter and broader ventral process of gnathos in the male genitalia and the shorter posteromedial emargination on tergum VIII with clearly dentate anterior margin in the female genitalia were considered as the most important characters for separating both species by the genitalia ( Gerasimov 1928). Our study of extensive material on A. lotella , including about 20 specimens collected sympatrically with the type specimens of A. dubia , justifies that a ventral process of gnathos varying considerably as well as other genitalia and external characters (see above under “Variation”), so that the diagnostic characters of A. dubia completely fall within the range of variation observed in A. lotella . Hense, we consider A. dubia Gerasimov, 1928 syn. nov. of A. lotella (Hübner, [1813]) .

Anerastia incarnatella ( Ragonot, 1887) was described from a single female collected in Sarepta. The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the type remains unstudied. Leraut (2014: 93-94) synonymized dubia with incarnatella based on his study of a single male from Sarepta. However, he provided no evidences that this male is conspecific both with the female holotype of incarnatella and the male lectotype of dubia . Moreover, the figure of the male genitalia of the specimen from Sarepta ( Leraut 2014: 92, fig. 42c) is rather schematic and difficult to interpret: only one long cornutus is figured in the vesica of the aedeagus. Thus, we do not see any reasons to consider A. dubia as a synonym of A. incarnatella and reject here the synonymy proposed by Leraut (2014): A. dubia spec. rev., syn. nov. of A. lotella .

Among extensive material on A. lotella we have found three sympatrically collected males from South Ukraine (Kherson reg., 10 km NE Radensk, Oleshky Sands, at light, 10.ix.2010 (I. Kostjuk), Genitalia slide: O. Bidzilya prep. no. 211/18, 217/18, 229/18). These specimens differ from lotella by the following characters: 1. Ventral margin of valva is narrowed more abruptly ( Fig. 22 ) than in A. lotella ; 2. Cornuti in vesica are about of equal length ( Figs 22 a–24a) (the straight cornutus is considerably longer than ring-shaped cornutus in lotella ) ( Figs 25 a–31a). 3. Vesica is about 1/2–2/3 length of the aedeagus ( Figs 22 a–24a) (subequal in length in lotella ) ( Figs 25 a–31a). Externally these specimens are similar to A. lotella except for the lighter hindwing ( Figs 15, 16 ). The status of these specimens is unclear. Their conspecifity with A. lotella will be proved after we get the results of the DNA barcoding and additional materials including females become available.

Anerastia incarnata Staudinger, 1879 was described from a single male collected in Sicilia. Despite Staudinger (1879) compared it with Polyocha strigosa ( Staudinger, 1879) and indicated characteristic red forewing with white costal margin, A. incarnata was synonymized with A. lotella , that well differs externally ( Leraut 2014: 90). The holotype of A. incarnata matches well both externally and in the genitalia Peoria palaearctella ( Turati, 1917) that is known from Italy (including Sardinia), Malta and Greece (Rhodos). Hence, the following synonymy is proposed: Peoria palaearctella ( Turati, 1917) syn. nov. of Peoria incarnata ( Staudinger, 1879) spec. rev., comb. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 15–21. Adults of Anerastia lotella. 16a, 21. Head. 17. ♂, Lectotype of A. dubia, Kyiv reg. (photo A. Streltzov). 15. ♂, Kherson reg. Prep. no. 229/18. 16. ♂, Kherson reg. Prep. no. 217/18. 18–20. ♂♂, Kyiv reg. 21. ♀, Kyiv reg.

FIGURES 22–35. Genitalia of Anerastia lotella. 22–31. Male genitalia. 22, 25. Ventral view. 23–31. Gnathos. 22a–31a. Aedeagus. 32–35. Female genitalia. 32. Ventral view. 33–35. Segment VIII. 22. ♂, Kherson reg. Prep. no. 211/18. 23. ♂, Kherson reg. Prep. no. 217/18. 24. ♂, Kherson reg. Prep. no. 229/18. 25. Zaporizhzhia reg., Prep. no. 267/18. 26. ♂, Kyiv reg. Prep. no. 230/18. 27. Kyiv reg. Prep. no. 061.18. 28. China. Prep. no. 216/18. 29. ♂, Zabaikalskiy kray. Prep. no. 226/18. 30. Kherson reg. Prep. no. 18/19. 31. ♂, Kazakhstan. Prep. no. 215/18. 32. Kyiv reg. Prep. no. 212/18. 33. Chernihiv reg. Prep. no. 051.18. 34. Kyiv reg. Prep. no. 227/18. 35. Kyiv reg. Prep. no. 210/18.