Leontodon × friasi M. Moura & L. Silva, 2015

Moura, Mónica, Silva, Luís, Dias, Elisabete F., Schaefer, Hanno & Carine, Mark, 2015, A revision of the genus Leontodon (Asteraceae) in the Azores based on morphological and molecular evidence, Phytotaxa 210 (1), pp. 24-46 : 38-40

Leontodon saxatilis × Leontodon hochstetteri = Leontodon × friasi M. Moura & L. Silva nothosp. nov.

Holotype:—AZORES. Flores: Burreiro , 18 July 2010, Silva LF-FLBU-001 ( AZB1349 !, isotype: BM!).

− Leontodon filii sensu Paiva & Ormonde (1973: 447) pro parte quoad plantarum ex Flores.

Acaulous rosettiform rhizomatous perennial herb; white latex present. Rootstock usually stout, woody, sometimes a long napiform root. Leaves few to several (9–10), petiolate; petiole 6–14 cm long × 0.3–0.9 cm wide, grooved, often narrowly winged; petiole trichomes often 2-fid, less frequently simple or 3-fid; lamina 7–15 cm long × 1.1–3.5 cm wide; lanceolate to oblanceolate, attenuate at base onto apex of petiole; usually densely pubescent above and densely pubescent beneath, hairs about 1 mm long or longer and attenuate, curved or appearing almost uncinate, apices more often 2-fid up to 3-fid; venation pinnate, usually paler than lamina, midrib prominent beneath with many hairs, usually grooved above; margins flat to coarsely undulate, coarsely dentate, lamina apices acute or acuminate, sometimes almost round. Two to three flowering stipes up 34–38 cm tall; erect or ascending; ramification generally absent or dichotomous, with 2 ramifications; internodes very long, stipe striate, more densely pubescent at base, scarcely pubescent or almost glabrous at peduncles and pedicels, usually with scale-like bracteoles beneath capitula; stipe trichomes usually 2-fid up to 3-fid; pedicels 8–32 cm long, usually thickening below involucre, bracteolate, bracteoles scale like, linear, entire 2–5 mm long, also with hairs; the pedicel bracteoles sometimes also found at the base of the capitulum forming an incomplete, unequal calyculus around 2–3 mm long. Capitula ligulate, 1.8–3.0 cm in diameter, 4 per synflorescence; involucre cylindrical in bud and scarcely widening in flower at apex, base becoming slightly inflated postanthesis and in fruit; phyllaries biseriate, triangular to oblong, external bracts 1.8–4.6 mm long, internal bracts 8.5–11.2 mm long × 0.3–1.5 mm wide, margins glabrous below and sparsely ciliate towards apex, tissue papillate and usually blackish; bract trichomes usually 1 to 2-fid. Florets 55–73 ligulate, hermaphrodite, corollas yellow to orange but becoming brown post-anthesis, eventually deciduous; corolla tube 1.8–3.4 mm long, yellow, ligule 7.3–11.3 mm long × 0.4–1.0 mm wide, glabrous inside, sparsely to densely pubescent outside just above sinus and also above that area with eglandular hairs, ligule apex with five distinct teeth, teeth apices thickened, glabrous; anther cylinder yellow 2.5–4.9 mm long, apical anther appendages acute to obtuse; styles 3.5–5.7 mm long; style arms 0.5–1.3 mm long, very short pubescent outside throughout. Achenes pale brown, 3.9–8.1 mm long × 0.3–0.6 mm wide, narrowly fusiform, narrowing slightly upwards to a distinct apical callus, body striate, lightly rugose across striae; pappus setae 5–8 mm long, plumose or subplumose; some of the achenes in the margin with a pappus of scales or scales and a few hairs.

Note: —The name Leontodon × friasi is here proposed in honour of Professor António Manuel de Frias Martins, Azorean naturalist, malacologist and evolutionary biologist. Professor “Frias”, as generally known by his colleagues and students, is one of the pioneers in the diffusion of the knowledge about Azorean biodiversity.

Distribution:—So far known only from Burreiro in Flores; but may also occur more widely on the island and on Corvo where the two parental species also co-occur.

Habitat and abundance:—Found on a road margin. Apparently rare. No existing herbarium specimens were found during this study.

Leontodon saxatilis × Leontodon rigens = Leontodon × carreiroi (Gandoger) M. Moura & L. Silva nothosp. & comb. nov.

= Thrincia carreiroi Gandoger (1918: 53) .

Lectotype designated by Lack 1981:— AZORES. São Miguel : Lagoa, Janelas do Inferno, August 1903, Carreiro 902 B ( LY!, isolectotypes: LY!, AZ1768-1772 !).

= Thrincia subglabra Gandoger (1918: 53–54) .

Holotype:— AZORES. São Miguel : Lagoa, Janelas do Inferno, August 1903, Carreiro 980 ( LY!, isotypes: AZ1764-1765 !).

− Leontodon filii sensu Paiva & Ormonde (1973: 447) pro parte quoad plantarum ex São Miguel.

Acaulous rosettiform rhizomatous perennial herb; white latex present. Rootstock usually stout, woody, sometimes a long napiform root. Leaves few to several (5–7), petiolate; petiole 4–10 cm long × 0.3–0.8 cm wide, grooved, often narrowly winged; petiole trichomes often 2-fid, less frequently simple or 3-fid; lamina 4–17 cm long × 1.6–5 cm wide; lanceolate to oblanceolate, attenuate at base onto apex of petiole; usually sparsely pubescent above and densely pubescent beneath, hairs about 1 mm long or longer and attenuate, curved or appearing almost uncinate, apices more often 2-fid up to 3-fid; venation pinnate, usually paler than lamina, midrib prominent beneath with many hairs, usually grooved above; margins flat to coarsely undulate, coarsely dentate, rarely serrated, lamina apices acute or acuminate. Two to three flowering stipes up 44 cm tall; erect or ascending; some or all the stipes not ramified; ramification generally absent or initially dichotomous at the base, with 2 proximal ramifications; very lax panicle, with a leaf-like bract at the main branches, internodes very long, stipe striate, densely pubescent at base, less pubescent or almost glabrous at peduncles and pedicels, usually with scale-like bracteoles beneath capitula; stipe trichomes usually 2-fid up to 3-fid; pedicels (3-) 6–36 cm long, or longer if there is only the peduncle, usually thickening below involucre, bracteolate, bracteoles scale like, linear, entire 3–5 mm long; the pedicel bracteoles sometimes also found at the base of the capitulum forming an incomplete, unequal calyculus around 2–3 mm long. Capitula ligulate, 0.7–2.5 cm in diameter, 5 per synflorescence; involucre cylindrical in bud and scarcely widening in flower at apex, base becoming slightly inflated postanthesis and in fruit; phyllaries biseriate, triangular to oblong, external bracts 1–3 mm long, internal bracts 8–10 mm long × 0.5–1 mm wide, margins glabrous below and sparsely ciliate towards apex, tissue papillate and usually blackish; bract trichomes usually 1 to 2-fid. Florets 33–58 ligulate, hermaphrodite, corollas yellow to orange but becoming brown postanthesis, eventually deciduous; corolla tube 2–4 mm long, yellow, ligule 9–15 mm long × 0.5–0.9 mm wide, glabrous inside, sparsely to densely pubescent outside just above sinus and also above that area with eglandular hairs, ligule apex with five distinct teeth, teeth apices thickened, glabrous; anther cylinder yellow 4 mm long, apical anther appendages acute to obtuse; styles 4–5 mm long; style arms 0.3–0.9 mm long, very short pubescent outside throughout. In some plants the capitula are paleaceous, paleae 9–11,5 mm long × 0.14–0.21 mm wide, linear, usually with dark margins, apices attenuate/long-acute, sparsely to moderately ciliate, cilia long uniseriate and eglandular. Achenes pale brown, 0.9–1.4 mm long × 0.1–0.3 mm wide, narrowly fusiform, narrowing slightly upwards to a distinct apical callus, body striate, lightly rugose across striae; pappus setae 5–10 mm long, plumose or subplumose; some of the achenes in the margin with a pappus of scales or scales and a few hairs.

Distribution:—Known from Lagoa, Sete Cidades and Nordeste in São Miguel.

Habitat and abundance:—Found on a roadside slope. Apparently rare although several herbarium specimens exist from the 19 th and early 20 th centuries.