KERRIIDAE Lindinger 1937

Hodgson, Chris, 2020, A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males, Zootaxa 4765 (1), pp. 1-264 : 163

KERRIIDAE Lindinger 1937

Laccifer Oken 1815, 430 . Type species: Coccus lacca Kerr by monotypy and original designation. Unavailable name ( Lindinger

1933, 228). Carteria Signoret 1874, 101 . Type species: Coccus lacca Kerr by monotypy and original designation. Synonym and homonym,

Fernald, 1903: 123. Kerria Targioni Tozzetti 1884, 410 . Type species: Coccus lacca Kerr by monotypy. Kerria (Chamberlinia) Varshney 1984, 365 . Type species: Tachardia greeni Chamberlin by original designation. Junior hom-

onym, Varshney, 1987: 361. Kerria (Chamberliniella) Varshney 1987, 361 . Replacement name.

Introduction. The family Kerriidae , also known as the lac scales, currently includes 9 genera and 99 species ( García Morales et al. 2019). It is widespread, occurring on most continents with a Mediterranean or tropical climate, and is found on numerous plant families. In their molecular phylogenetic study, Cook and Gullan (2007) found the Kerriidae to be sister to the Coccidae whilst Hodgson and Hardy (2013), based on adult male morphology, found it to be sister to Lecanodiaspididae , Cerococcidae , Asterolecaniidae , Aclerdidae and Coccidae . Vea and Grimaldi (2016) found the Kerriidae to be sister to the Asterolecaniidae , in a clade with Cerococcidae , Kermesidae and Lecanodiaspididae . As far as the author is aware, there have been no recent descriptions of male Kerriidae . The following family diagnosis is based on the 4 species studied below.

Family diagnosis based on adult male morphology ( Figs 65 , 66 ). Body: moderate sized, with abdomen mainly parallel-sided; with few body setae but with both fs and hs, mostly ventral; loculate pores absent. Head: preocular ridge well developed ventrally; with few or no setae on each membranous area laterad to ventral mid-cranial ridge; ocular sclerite with some polygonal reticulations; with 2 pairs of simple eyes; ocelli touching postocular ridge, with a short ridge extending from postocular ridge dorsally along each ocellus margin; postoccipital ridge well developed; genae lacking setae; antennae 10 segmented, with both hs and fs, each fs rarely much longer than width of antennal segments; segment X probably with at least 3 capitate setae. Thorax: prothoracic setae absent; postmesospiracular setae absent; prescutal setae absent; membranous area of scutum without setae; scutellum tubular; basisternum without a median ridge; alar setae present or absent; alar sensoria absent; alar lobe present or absent; hamulohalteres absent; legs setose, with both fs and hs; trochanter with 3 sensoria in a line; tibia with two tibial spurs; tarsi 1 segmented; tarsal digitules capitate; claws with capitate digitules and a denticle. Abdomen: abdominal segments each with unsclerotised tergites but with sclerotised sternites; pleural setae few; caudal extensions on segment VIII rounded; glandular pouches present on segment VIII, each deep; penial sheath composed of a broad segment IX fused to a narrower style, latter 3 or 4 times longer than segment IX, narrowing to a fairly sharp apex; anterior membranous area present, usually with long setae; long setae only present on segment IX.

Key to known adult male Kerriidae

1. Antennal segment X with 4 or more capitate setae …........................... Austrotachardia melaleucae (Maskell)

- Antennal segment X with 3 or fewer capitate setae.......................................................... 2

2. Alar setae present. Ventral membranous area of abdominal segment IX with many setae.............................................................................................. Tachardina aurantiaca (Cockerell) ( Fig. 65 )

- Alar setae absent. Ventral membranous area of abdominal segment IX with few or no setae.......................... 3

3. Ventral abdominal sternites with fs. Long pleural setae on abdominal segment VIII present...... Tachardiella sp. ( Fig. 66 )

- Ventral abdominal sternites without fs. Long pleural setae on abdominal segment VIII absent.................................................................................................. Tachardiella larreae (Comstock)

Figures

FIGURE 65. Tachardina aurantiaca (Cockerell). Macropterous male. (Kerriidae). Where A=cranial apophysis.

FIGURE 66. Tachardiella sp. Tampico, Mexico. Macropterous male. (Kerriidae). Where A=cranial apophysis.