Syncrossus, Blyth, 1860

Conway, Kevin W., 2011, Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (5), pp. 50-154 : 103

E. Syncrossus cf. bedmorei F. Vaillantella eupiptera cypriniform fishes and outgroup taxa the lateral face of the maxilla is relatively flat ( Figs 8 , 27 , 28 , 29A, B ).

58. Mandibular sensory canal ( Smith, 1992: character 144); (0) present; (1) absent (CI = 0.20; RI = 0.85).

In members of the genus Psilorhynchus (excluding P. robustus , P. gracilis , and P. melissa ), Gyrincheilidae, Catostomidae , Cobitidae , Balitoridae, and certain members of the Nemacheilidae , the mandibular sensory canal is absent (Figs 5A–C, F, 8A–C, F, 28A–D, G–H, 29). In other cypriniform fishes and in outgroup taxa the mandibular sensory canal is present along the ventrolateral edge of the lower jaw (Figs 5D, E, 8D, E, 27, 28E, F).

Figures

Figure 8. Hyopalatine arch and opercular series of Psilorhynchus, right side in lateral (i) and medial (ii) view. Anterior to left (images reversed). A, Psilorhynchus sucatio, CAS 50289, 39.6-mm SL. B, Psilorhynchus balitora, UMMZ 244782, 31.2-mm SL. C, Psilorhynchus breviminor, ZRC 43452, paratype, 32.0-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus gracilis, UMMZ 205345, paratype, 39.1-mm SL. E, Psilorhynchus robustus, CMK 17941, paratype, 58.1-mm SL. F, Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis, KU 29517, 41.5-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Cm, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; Ecpt, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; Iop, interopercle; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; Mpt, metapterygoid; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Sop, subopercle; Sy, symplectic.

Figure 27. Hyopalatine arch and opercular series of selected cyprinid fishes, right side in lateral (i) and medial view (ii). Anterior to left. A, Balantiocheilos melanopterus, NRM 24037, 36.8-mm standard length (SL). B, Labeo cf. longipinnis, UAIC 14180.55, 51.9-mm SL. C, Crossocheilus reticulatus, UAIC 14180.20, 39.6-mm SL. D, Rasbora cephalotaenia, BMNH 2000.10.18.34–40, 55.5-mm SL. E, Zacco platypus, UMMZ 187570, 66.9-mm SL. F, Notemigonus crysoleucas, KU 1357, 57.9-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Cm, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; Ecpt, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; Iop, interopercle; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; Mpt, metapterygoid; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Sop, subopercle; Sy, symplectic.

Figure 28. Hyopalatine arch and opercular series of selected cobitoid fishes, right side in lateral (i) and medial (ii) view. Anterior to left. A, Cycleptus elongatus, UAIC 14922.01, 47.2-mm standard length (SL). B, Catostomus commersonii, UAIC 14172.01, 62.7-mm SL. C, Gyrinocheilus aymonieri, BMNH 2000.6.11.3518–3555, 53.7-mm SL. D, Gyrinocheilus pennocki, UAIC 14180.51, 73.0-mm SL. E, Syncrossus cf. bedmorei, UAIC 14181.01, 61.1-mm SL. F, Vaillantella euepiptera, BMNH 2000.10.25.1301–1332, 60.8-mm SL. G, Cobitis pacifica, UAIC 14183.06, 66.3-mm SL. H, Lepidocephalichthys cf. guntea, UAIC 14180.56, 57.4-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Cm, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; Ecpt, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; Iop, interopercle; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; MP, mesiopreautopalatine; MPC, mesiopreautopalatine cartilage; Mpt, metapterygoid; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PA, preautopalatine; PAC, preautopalatine cartilage; PE2, second preethmoid; PE2C, second preethmoid cartilage; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Sop, subopercle; Spop, suprapreopercle; Sy, symplectic.

Figure 29. Hyopalatine arch and opercular series of selected cobitoid fishes, right side in lateral (i) and medial (ii) view in A–C, and dorsal (i) and ventral (ii) in D. Anterior to left. A, Barbatula barbatula, AMNH 37608, 77.9-mm standard length (SL). B, Lefua costata, UAIC 14183.18, 44.2-mm SL. C, Annamia normani, BMNH uncat., 63.5-mm SL. D, Gastromyzon cranbrooki, UAIC 14288.01, 34.6-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Cm, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; Ecpt, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; Iop, interopercle; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; Mpt, metapterygoid; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PA, preautopalatine; PE2, second preethmoid; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; SCO, sensory canal ossification; Sop, subopercle; Spop, suprapreopercle; Sy, symplectic.