Haminoeidae Pilsbry 1895

Oskars, Trond R. & Malaquias, Manuel António E., 2020, The temperate Australasian genus Papawera Oskars and Malaquias, 2019 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Haminoeidae), with a redescription of P. zelandiae and P. maugeansis, Journal of Natural History 54 (21 - 22), pp. 1343-1362 : 1347-1348

Family Haminoeidae Pilsbry 1895

Genus Papawera Oskars and Malaquias 2019

Bulla (in part) – Gray 1843, p. 243.

Haminea (in part) – Pilsbry 1895, p. 365. Kobelt 1896, p. 118. E. A. Smith 1873, p. 5. Pritchard and Gatliff 1903: 217. Thompson 1976, p. 34, 45.

Haminoea (in part) – MacPherson and Gabriel 1962, p. 243. Burn 1966a, p. 330, 1966b, p. 266, 1969, p. 68. Rudman 1971a, p. 545, 1971b, p. 649. Burn 1974, p. 48. Powell 1979, p. 275. Willan 1979, p. 269. Jansen 1995, p. 86. Rudman 1999. Furneaux 2003. Rudman 2003. Burn 2006, p. 8. Rudman 2006. Eichler 2007. Rudman 2007. Hales 2010, p. 249. Burn and Wilson 2011. Burn 2015, p. 65. Morley and Hayward 2015, p. 57. Grove 2018.

Type species

Bulla zelandiae Gray, 1843 . Holotype untraceable; iconotype illustrated in Smith (1873, p. 5, Table 1, fig. 10).

Type locality

New Zealand ( Gray 1843).

Diagnosis

Animal light grey, yellowish-grey or brown to nearly black; orange blotches and opaque white dots may be present. Cephalic shield, broad, shallowly or deeply bilobed; periocular area pigmented or unpigmented; always minute. Hancock organ ridge-like, with prominent dorsal and ventral branches. Shell oval to rounded; smooth with faint growth lines; whitish in colour; periostracum transparent to yellowish; aperture wide, tapering posteriorly, columella thick, separated from last whorl by short furrow; furrow covered by callus posteriorly. Radula formula 27–5.1.1.1.5–27; rachidian tricuspid, elongate, central cusp longer, lateral cusps reduced; outer lateral teeth hook shaped, smooth, decreasing in size outwardly; cusp of inner lateral slightly bulbous, tip pointed. Jaws semi-circular, rods slightly serrated on outer edge. Gizzard plates with 8–20 transverse ridges, top of ridges covered in minute rods, smooth in between ridges. Three gizzard bristled spines, resembling feather-like dusters inserted in raised triangular fleshy base. Reproductive system with oblong annulated prostate; short seminal duct, with semi-enclosed hollow duct; fundus semienclosed with glandular epithelium; thick, non-muscular atrium. Female reproductive system with elongate, lamellate anterior mucous gland; thick, blunted and indented bilobed posterior mucous gland, lobes separated by median duct; albumen gland globular with irregular surface, partially surrounding posterior mucous gland and ampulla; gametolytic gland, rounded ( Gray 1843; Sowerby 1868; Pilsbry 1895; Burn 1966a, 1969, 1974. Rudman 1971a; Rudman 1971b, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2007; Furneaux 2003; Eichler 2007; Burn and Wilson 2011; Grove 2018).

Remarks

The female reproductive system of P. zelandiae was found to be consistent with the description by Rudman (1971a, p. 552, fig. 7a). The system differs from that of taxa within the genera Bakawan , Haloa , and Lamprohaminoea by having a straight and shorter posterior mucous gland and a rounded albumen gland with an irregular surface. The female reproductive system of P. maugeansis was also consistent with P. zelandiae , only differing in the shape of the gametolytic gland, which is nearly twice the size in P. maugeansis ( Figure 2a,b ). A retractor muscle connecting the posterior mucus gland with the vagina was not observed in the studied specimens of P. maugeansis .

Figures

Figure 2. Female reproductive system. (a) Papawera zelandiae, Hokianga, Northland, New Zealand, (AM 79176, H = 11 mm). (b) Papawera maugeansis, Curlewis Reef, Clifton Springs, Victoria, Australia (ZMBN 125459 ex NVM F194630, H = 5.7 mm). Abbreviations: agl, albumen gland. am, ampulla. amg, anterior mucous gland. gd, gameloytic duct. ggl, gametolytic gland. md, medial duct. ot, ovotestis. pmgl1, posterior mucous gland lobe 1, pmgl2, posterior mucous gland lobe 2. rm, retractor muscle. smg, external seminal groove. v, vestibule. Scale bars: a, b = 0.5 mm.