Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1753: 723)

Debouck, D. G., 2021, Phaseolus Beans (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae): A Checklist And Notes On Their Taxonomy And Ecology, Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 15 (1), pp. 73-111 : 100

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1753: 723) [clade B; sect. Phaseoli DC emend. Freytag ].

TYPE: C Linnaeus s.n. ( LECTOTYPE: LINN-899.1 ) .

The type of the reference species of the section and of the genus is a plant cultivated at Uppsala, Sweden ( Verdcourt 1971). Ironically, the most common (Linnaeus was right in naming it vulgaris !) species of the genus has its wild ancestor disclosed quite late: Arturo Burkart in Salta, NW Argentina in 1941 ( Burkart 1941, 1952), and Felix Webster McBryde in W Guatemala in 1947, and not referring to each other’s finding! Keeping P.aborigineus Burkart as a separate species (as suggested in the List of Tropicos 2020) might result in hiding the biological link with the Andean cultivated form and its three races ( Singh et al. 1991). The double independent domestication of the wild form of common bean distributed from Chihuahua ( Nabhan 1985) down to Córdoba ( Drewes 2008) is now widely agreed upon ( Chacón-Sánchez et al. 2005; Kwak & Gepts 2009; Bitocchi et al. 2013). There would be enough evidence ( Tohme et al. 1996; Chacón-Sánchez et al. 2007; Ariani et al. 2017) to recognize five wild genetic pools: one W of Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Chihuahua down to Oaxaca), one including Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and NW Nicaragua, one including Costa Rica, one including the NE Andes of Colombia and W Andes of Venezuela, and one including the central and southeastern Andes of Peru ( Huánuco down to Cuzco), eastern Andes of Bolivia ( Cochabamba down to Tarija), and NW Andes of Argentina ( Jujuy down to Córdoba; although Salinas Grandes might be another break). The significance of a formal treatment of botanical varieties, i.e., a var. mexicanus for the Mexican and Central American wild forms and a var. aborigineus for the Andean one ( Delgado-Salinas et al. 1988), is pending on what the wild forms from Venezuela will reveal ( Beebe & Debouck 2019), while the recognition of a var. vulgaris for all cultivated forms ( Baudet 1977) may blur their complex origins.The following specimens (different from the ones reported previously in Freytag & Debouck 2002 p. 38–39) are wild forms and give an indication about the range.

Specimens: MEXICO. Durango: DG Debouck 276 (COL-324695). Zacatecas: JM González-Correa 30 ( IBUG-29683 ). Nayarit: RS Ferris 5946 (DS-214469). Jalisco: JS Peñaflor-Cortés 9 ( IBUG-36127 ). Colima: HS Gentry 22189 (ARIZ-300349). México: A Delgado-S. 1006 ( CHAPA). Morelos: E Bourgeau 1375 ( FI). Puebla: R Torres-C. 7544 (RSA-537099). Michoacán: DG Debouck 439 (COL-324743). Guerrero: GB Hinton 11551 (POM-348560). Oaxaca: B Bartholomew 3033 (CAS-747013). Chiapas: E Cabrera 5930 (CAS-819944). GUATEMALA. Sacatepéquez: DG Debouck 1610 ( K). Santa Rosa: E Martínez-S.19230 (MEXU-526662). Jalapa: DG Debouck 2432 (COL-324875). HONDURAS. El Paraíso: JG Hawkes 2053 ( K). Morazán: A Molina R. 731 (F-1262709). EL SALVADOR. Sonsonate: DG Debouck 3226 ( LAGU). La Libertad: DG Debouck 3221 ( LAGU). NICARAGUA. Madríz: DG Debouck 3202 (O-V2147425). Estelí: DG Debouck 3216 (O-V2147423). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: DG Debouck 3133 ( CR-235446 ). Cartago: DG Debouck 3126 ( CR-247283 ). San José: CO Morales 621 (USJ-48426). VENEZUELA. Mérida: O Berglund 26667 ( SI). Lara: G Davidse 21172 ( NY). COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: JO Toro-Chica 498 (COL-520043). PERU. Huánuco: JF Macbride 3947 ( G). Junín: R Ferreyra 14964 (USM-71284). Huancavelica: O Tovar 3910 ( US-2490506 ). Apurimac: C Ochoa 2420 ( MOL). Cuzco: OF Cook 1073 ( US-604244 ). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: R Caballero-Pardo s.n. ( NY). Chuquisaca: DG Debouck 3007 (DAV-128327). Tarija: DG Debouck 3020 ( MO-5613149 ). ARGENTINA. Jujuy: O Ahumada 4173 ( SI). Salta: R Fortunato 3576 ( BAB). Tucumán: M Lillo 1626 (LIL-62049). Catamarca: DG Debouck 645 (COL-324753). San Luís: R Batallanez s.n. ( SI). Córdoba: T Stuckert 12831 ( SI).