Aethusa cynapium, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1981, Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, Cambridge University Press : 339-340

1. A. cynapium L. , Sp. Pl. 256 (1753) .

Annual or sometimes biennial 5-200 cm. Leaves deflate in outline; lobes lanceolate or ovate, pinnatifid. Rays (4-) 10-20. Bracts usually absent; bracteoles usually 3-4, deflexed, subulate, on the outer side of the partial umbels. Fruit 3-4 mm. A weed of cultivated land, rarely in woods. Most of Europe, but rare in the Mediterranean region. Au Be Br Bu Co Cz Da Fe Ga Ge Hb He Ho Hs Hu It Ju No Po Rm Rs (N, B, C, W. K, E) Su.

A polymorphic species in which the following subspecies can be recognized, though they show considerable phenotypic variation.

1 Stem more than 100 cm; leaf-lobes oblong to linear

(c) subsp. cynapioides

1 Stem less than 100 cm; leaf-lobes ovate 2 Bracteoles usually several times as long as the partial umbels; outer pedicels about twice as long as their fruits

(a) subsp. cynapium

2 Bracteoles not longer than the partial umbels; outer pedicels usually shorter than their fruits (b) subsp. agrestis