Gonyleptellus bimaculatus ( Sørensen, 1884 )

Ázara, Ludson Neves De & Kury, Adriano Brilhante, 2019, The mosaic tiled harvestmen-taxonomic review of Gonyleptellus Roewer, 1930 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae: Gonyleptinae), Zootaxa 4623 (2), pp. 201-238 : 210-217

Gonyleptellus bimaculatus ( Sørensen, 1884)

( Figs 6–9 , 24 )

Gonyleptes bimaculatus Sørensen, 1884: 605 .

Paragonyleptes bimaculatus: Roewer 1913: 243 ; Roewer 1923: 491; Roewer 1927: 345; Roewer 1930: 376; Mello-Leitão 1932: 322; Piza 1942: 413; B. Soares 1945: 362; Soares & Soares 1949: 202.

“ Paragonyleptes ” bimaculatus: Kury 2003: 121 .

Gonyleptellus bimaculatus : Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2012: 40 .

Stephanocranion bimaculatus Mello-Leitão 1931: 124 , fig. 3; Mello-Leitão 1935b: 105; B. Soares 1945: 364; Soares & Soares 1949: 213 [considered junior subjective synonym of Gonyleptes cancellatus Roewer, 1917 by Soares & Soares (1982); junior subjective synonym of Gonyleptes bimaculatus Sørensen, 1884 by Pinto-da-Rocha et al. (2012); whenever subordinated to Gonyleptellus , it becomes junior homonym of Gonyleptes bimaculatus Sørensen, 1884 ].

Type data. Gonyleptes bimaculatus : 3 ♀ holotype ( ZMUC, examined by photographs), from BRAZIL, without further locality data. Stephanocranion bimaculatus : ♀ holotype ( MNRJ 11384 , examined), from Rio de Janeiro, Pau da Fome , 750 m .

Material examined. 8 specimens (6 ♂, 2 ♀). Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Santa Maria Madalena, Pares do Desen- gano, Morumbeca [-21.87852°, -41.91831°, 1100 m], 13-17.v.2008, A. Chagas-Júnior, A.B. Kury, C. Sampaio & T. Moreira leg. , 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 2074 ) , 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 9416 ) , 5 ♂ (2 beta), 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 19744 ) .

Etymology. From the Latin adjective bimaculatus (which has two flecks).

Type locality. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: without further locality data .

Geographic distribution ( Fig. 24 ). Brazil, RJ: Rio de Janeiro, Santa Maria Madalena.

Diagnosis (males). It can be separated from all the other species of the genus by femur IV with retrolateral row of medium acuminate spines in basal and median portions ( Figs 7 A–D, 8) ( G. cancellatus is virtually unarmed, G. pustulosus has one basal spiniform apophysis, G. angeloi and G. pustulatus have very large spiniform apophyses of unequal sizes extending well distally into the podomere). The species can be distinguished from G. cancellatus , G. pustulatus and G. pustulosus because the metatarsus has a retrolateral row of teeth all along its extension ( Fig. 7E ) (unarmed in these species); from G. angeloi by having the tiles not filling all the area II ( Fig. 6A ). Gonyleptellus bimaculatus resembles G. cancellatus and G. pustulosus by the long femur IV without retrolateral row of strong spines ( Figs 7 A–D, 8).

Redescription. Male (MNRJ 2074).

Measurements. DSL = 8.6 mm, DSW = 9.1 mm, femur IV 16.5 mm, tibia IV = 11.5 mm, metatarsus = 17.7 mm.

Dorsum ( Figs 6A, E ). Anterior margin of carapace with four tubercles; laterally with one tubercle each side; posterior margin with two tubercles. Frontal hump with two tubercles. Lateral margins tuberculate. Areas I–II with five tubercles on each side; area III with a pair of paramedian spines. Areas I–IV with medium-sized and rounded tiles; area V with six tiles (two medium-sized central). Free tergites I–III smooth, I with two medium-sized central tiles, II with two tiles, one central and one on the left side, III with three tiles (one medium-sized central).

Chelicerae. Movable finger with row of 10 fused teeth, fixed finger with eight teeth.

Pedipalps ( Figs 7 H–I). Femur ventrally with five setiferous tubercles and one mesal apical setiferous tubercle; patella ventrally with paramedian apical pair of rows of tubercles Tibia setation: ectal IiIi, mesal IiIi; tarsus setation: ectal IiI, mesal IiIi.

Legs ( Figs 7 A–G, 8). Coxa IV with one retroapical boot-shaped apophysis with heel as a small rounded triangle and vamp curved lanceolate, and one prolateral mid-sized (about 2/3 the length of the trochanter IV) apophysis ( Figs 7 J–L). Trochanter I with one ventral median tubercle, one retroventral and one proventral tubercle; II–III with one retroapical tubercle; IV with one promedian acute apophysis curved frontwards, one retroapical tubercle, one promedian apophysis ( Figs 7 J–L). Femur IV long (1.9 times the length of dorsal scutum) and straight; dorsal row with one short (shorter than half the width of IV trochanter) DO2, plus tubercles in all extension; proventral row with tubercles, ending with a medium tubercle; retroventral row with medium tubercles; retrolateral row with medium spines in basal and median portion, distally with tubercles; retrodorsal row with proximal portion with six medium spines, with median and distal portion with tubercles ( Figs 7 A–D, 8). Patella and tibia IV with tubercles. Metatarsus IV with retrolateral row of spines increasing apically in number, some of the apical ones are fused ( Fig. 7E ). Tarsal segmentation: 6(3)/11(3)/7(3)/8(3).

Color ( Figs 6 , 7 ). Body and appendages background Strong Brown (55) in alcohol with dense lighter Moderate Orange (53) reticulation on carapace, lateral areas of dorsal scutum, and legs I–IV (except for apophyses on femur–trochanter IV). Oval flecks of carapace of female Light Orange Yellow (70) in alcohol. Tiles of dorsal scutum and free tergites Light Greenish Yellow (101) in alcohol.

Female (MNRJ 9416) ( Figs 6C, D, F ).

Measurements. DSL = 9.0 mm, DSW = 8.1 mm, femur IV = 11.3 mm, tibia = 7.9 mm, metatarsus IV = 13.4 mm. Similar to male, except for free tergites II–III bearing acuminate median tubercles in the female; coxa IV with one retroapical tubercle; trochanter IV with one subbasal, one median and one retroapical tubercle. Pedipalps, tibia setation: ectal IiIi, mesal IiIi; tarsus ectal IiI, mesal IiI. Tarsal segmentation: 6(3)/13(3)/7(3)/8(3).

Variation. The pustules of the areas I–III and free tergites may vary slightly in size and position in both sexes. Males (n = 6): beta males similar to alpha males, presenting all of the main structures, but with a reduction of the size of dorsal scutum, length of legs and reduction of armature. Females (n = 2): posterior margin of carapace with a pair of tubercles or smooth.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sørensen, 1884), male (MNRJ 2074) and female (MNRJ 9416), habitus. A, B) male, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; C, D) female, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E) male, right lateral view; F) female, right lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sørensen, 1884), male (MNRJ 2074). A–D) Right femur IV: A) dorsal view; B) prolateral view; C) ventral view; D) retrolateral view; E) right metatarsus IV, ventral view; F, G) right patella and tibia, dorsal and ventral view, respectively; H, I) right pedipalp, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; J–L) apical portion of right coxa and trochanter IV: J) dorsal view; K) ventral view; L) prolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Gonyleptellus bimaculatus, male (MNRJ 2074). A–D) right femur IV: A) dorsal view; B) prolateral view; C) ventral view; D) retrolateral view. Colors indicate the following six armature rows: brown = DO, pink = PD, orange = PV, green = RV, blue = RL, red = RD. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sørensen, 1884) (MNRJ 2074), distal part of penis. A) Dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) right lateral view; D) left lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIGURE 24. Southeastern Brazil, showing known records of the species of Gonyleptellus in Rio de Janeiro State. Colored background areas are the WWF ecoregions. NT0150 = Alto Paraná Atlantic forests, and NT0160 = Serra do Mar coastal forests.