Gagea commutata K.Koch

Tekşen, Mehtap & Erkul, Seher Karaman, 2015, The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 230 (1), pp. 101-129 : 120-121

Gagea commutata K.Koch in Linnaea 12: 227 (1849)

≡ Gagea reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f. var. commutata (K.Koch) Miscz., Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur’evsk. Univ. 9 (2): 77 (1908). Type (lectotype designated by Stroh 1937: 501): — ARMENIA. Khai Khuli, Koch s.n. (B).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Ağrı: Patnos, Katavin mountain, above Soluca village , meadows, 1700 m, 15 April 2006, H.38 ( VANF!) ; Ankara: Mamak, Kıbrıs village valley, steppe, 1200–1400 m, 10 April 2005, S. Aslan 1742 ( GAZI!) ; Ardahan: 5 km before Ardahan, wet places, 20 April 1957, H. Birand & K. Karamanoğlu 297 ( ANK!) ; Şanlıurfa: Birecik, above Çiftlik village , steppe, 629 m, 21 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2742 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!) ; Elazığ: Baskil, Yukarıkuluşağı village , steppe, 1200 m, 24 April 1997, L. Behçet 5541 ( VANF!) ; Erzincan: Sipikor pass, steppe, 2414 m, 8 June 2010, M. Tekşen 2525 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Erzurum: Olur to Oltu under Juniperus foetidissima , 18 April 1982, A. & T. Baytop 48586 ( E!) ; Kahramanmaraş: Afşin, Arıtaş, S of Incir village , limestone rocks, 1700 m, 18 April 2010, Z. Aytaç 9525 & M. Tekşen ( AKSU) ; Kars: Karakurt , 14 April 1957, K. Karamanoğlu 254 ( ANK!) ; Kayseri: Sarız, Yalak, Binboğa mountain , Tekkekayası , steppe, 1500–1800 m, 23 May 1992, H. Duman & Z. Aytaç 4696 ( GAZI!) ; Kırıkkale: Keskin, Böbrek mountain, Konur-Haydarsultan village , stony places, 1200 m, 21 April 1991, Ü. Güler 1016 ( GAZI!) ; Kilis: Radar environment, limestone rocky slopes, 1200 m, 7 April 1998, A. A. Dönmez 5847 & E. O. Dönmez ( HUB!) ; Gaziantep: Dülükbaba, 7 km N of Gaziantep, rocky limestone slopes, c. 1100 m, 13 May 1957, Davis 28046 & Hedge ( ANK!) ; Konya: Karapınar-Karacadağ, above Buğdaylı village, Gözyaka plateau, 1750 m, 17 April 1982, H. Dural 831 ( KNYA!) ; Malatya: Doğanşehir, Erkenek-Gölbaşı, Tunnel environment, rocky slopes, 1200 m, 12 April 1987, E. Aktoklu 291 ( HUB!) ; Muş: Malazgirt , steppe, 1531 m, 29 April 2006, LFM 128 ( VANF!) ; Malazgirt, Aktuz village , 1600 m, steppe, 7 April 2001, S.1194 ( VANF!) ; Niğde: Ulukışla, Aktoprak (Kılan) village, Bekirinkaş state, steppe, 1680 m, 10 April 1977, A. Güner 1502 ( HUB!) ; Sivas: Hafik-Zara, Tödürge lake, around Resort of Cumhuriyet University , gypsaceous rocks, 1304 m, 25 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2772 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Hafik-Zara, Tödürge lake, around Resort of Cumhuriyet University , steppe, gypsaceous rocks, 1310 m, 8 June 2010, M. Tekşen 2519 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Hafik-Zara, Tödürge lake, around Resort of Cumhuriyet University , gypsaceous rocks, 1304 m, 27 June 2011, M. Tekşen 2827 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Van: Gürpınar, Sapakonak village , steppe, 2450 m, 6 April 2001, M. Ünal 4740 ( VANF!) ; Gürpınar, Sapakonak village , steppe, 2400 m, 6 April 2001, M. Ünal 4744 ( VANF!) ; 100 km of Van on road to Hakkari, North slope near summit of Mengene mountain, Güzeldere pass, 12 April 1978, J. Trelawny & J. McPhnil 2012 ( E!) ; Erciş, Altındere stud farm, fields, 1816 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2425 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Erciş, Işbaşı- Hasanabdal village , steppe, 1827 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2422 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Güzelsu, Güzelsu-Taşdöndüren village , steppe, 1998 m, 14 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2472a & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Erciş- Hica, 5 km beyond Yukarıışıklı village, around of Koçköprü dam, steppe, 1916 m, 29 June 2010, M. Tekşen 2844 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, Zernek dam-Üçgen village, steppe, 2000 m, 12 May 2007, I. Demir 173 ( VANF!) ; Muradiye, Akçadağı, W of Ziyaret hill, meadows, 2400 m, 16 May 2001, O. Karabacak 1304 ( VANF!) ; Muradiye, above Adaklı village , 2400 m, 10 May 1998, M. Ünal 2390 ( VANF!) ; Özalp, 3 km from Ayazcader to Sugeçer , steppe, 2175 m, 28 June 1997, F. Özgökçe F4217 ( VANF!) ; Muradiye, above Topuzarpa village , meadows, 1844 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2432 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) .

Flowering time: — April–May.

Habitat: — Steppe, stony places, limestone rocky slopes, 1200–2500 m.

Distribution: — Irano-Turanian element. Turkey (Central,East,and SouthAnatolia),North Caucasia,Transcaucasia, Iran ( Govaerts 2015).

Note: — Rix (1984) gave G. commutata as a synonym of G. fibrosa . However, according to Tison (2004), G. fibrosa ( Desfontaines 1798: 294) Schultes & Schultes (1829: 552) is endemic to Northern Africa. It was concluded that the samples in the herbaria in Turkey and records were misidentified and refer to either G. commutata or G. reticulata . Gagea commutata samples were misidentified, as G. alexeenkoana , with G. taurica in many herbaria. While strongly sclerified roots always enclose bulb in the species of G. taurica , they are thinner in G. commutata . The main peculiarity of G. taurica is its complete lack of vegetative propagation, even at juvenile and immature stages, while G. commutata has a low rate of vegetative propagation but produces one bulbil at immature stage. In G. taurica , tunics are grey, there is one basal leaf which is retroflexed at the tips, tepals are 12–13 mm long while tunics is brown, there are 1 or 2 lower leaves, and erect and glaucous tepals are 15–28 mm long in the Turkish samples of G. commutata . The latter species is also similar to G. alexeenkoana . In G. alexeenkoana , the scape reaches up to 30 mm, cauline and cauline leaves are glabrous, and tepals are short acuminate at apex, 10–15 mm long and. There are no samples previously identified as G. commutata . In light of these data, we confirm that G. commutata occurs in Turkey, and exclude the presence of G. fibrosa .