Syzygium antisepticum (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry

Soh, Wuu-Kuang & Parnell, John, 2015, A revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam), Adansonia 37 (2), pp. 179-275 : 192-194

4. Syzygium antisepticum (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry ( Fig. 4 )

Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 18: 159 (1939); M.F.Newman et al., A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR: 245 (2007). — Calyptranthes aromatica Blume, Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch-Indië 17: 1092 (1826), nom. illeg., non A.St.-Hil. (1824). — Caryophyllus antisepticus Blume in DC, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 3: 262 (1828), nom. nov. — Jambosa aromatica Miq. , Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 1(1): 436 (1855). — Eugenia antiseptica (Blume) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 1: 238 (1891). — Type: Indonesia, Java (Mt. Pantjar in protologue), Blume s.n. (lecto-, NY![00386778], here designated; isolecto-, U![U0258717]) (see Note 1).

Eugenia grata Wight, Illustrations of Indian Botany 2: 15 (1841). — [ Syzygium gratum Wall., Wallich Numer. List 3586 (1831) (K- W!), nom. nud.]. — Acmena grata (Wight) Walp., Repertorium Botanices Systematicae 2: 181 (1843). — Syzygium gratum (Wight) S.N.Mitra, The Indian Forester 99: 100 (1973). — Type: Burma, Moulmyne, 1827, Wallich Numer. List 3586 (lecto-, K![‘914 Hb. Mergui’, Herb. Hooker], here designated; isolecto-, K![3 sheets: ‘Mergui, Griffith s.n. ’, Herb. Hooker; ‘Mergui, Griffith s.n. ’, Herb. Hooker; Herb. Bentham]) (fide Noltie [2005: 358]).

Myrtus quadrangularis Buch. -Ham. ex Duthie in Hooker, Flora of British India 2: 486 (1878), nom. inval., pro syn. — Voucher: n.v. (fide Govaerts et al. [2015]).

Eugenia cuprea Koord. & Valeton , Bulletin de l’Institut Botanique de Buitenzorg 2: 6 (1899), nom. illeg., non (O.Berg) Nied. (1893). — Type: Indonesia, Java, Tjibodas, Preanger , Herb. Koorders (lecto-, L![KDS 5478 β, L0420061], here designated; isolecto-, L![KDS 5631 β, L0420062]).

Eugenia glaucicalyx Merr., Publications of the Bureau of Science Government Laboratories 35: 50 (1905). — Syzygium glaucicalyx (Merr.) Merr., Philippine Journal of Science 79: 391 (1951). — Type: Philippines, Borden 2748 (lecto-, A n.v. [frag., 69701] designated by Chantaranothai & Parnell (1994: 71); isolecto-, US!).

Eugenia collinsae Craib , Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 1928: 237 (1928). — Type: Thailand, Chonburi, Sriracha, 4.IV.1922, Collins 782 (lecto-, BK! designated by Chantaranothai & Parnell (1994: 71); isolecto-, ABD n.v., E!, K!, TCD!, US!) .

Eugenia grata Wight var. nervosum Craib, Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 1: 646 (1931). — Type: Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammareat , Sichon, 12.V.1928, Kerr 15690 (lecto-, BK!, designated by Chantaranothai & Parnell [1994: 71]; isolecto-, ABD n.v.).

Syzygium ovatifolium Merr. & L.M.Perry, Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 18: 161 (1939). — Type: Malaysia, Borneo , Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu , Tenompok , IX.1932, J & M.S. Clemens 28748 (holo-, A n.v. [71377]; iso-, BM!, NY!, K!, L!, M!).

Syzygium gratum var. confertum Chantar. & J.Parn., Kew Bulletin 48: 599 (1993). — Type: Thailand, Ranong, Kraburi, Nikom Pak Chom, Pawta Luang Keow, S.Pengnaren & S.S. 534 (holo-, BKF!).

[ Eugenia scabrida Wall., Wallich Numer. List 3564D (1831) (K- W!), nom. nud.].

[ Eugenia zeylanica auct. non (L.) Wight (1841): Gagnep. in Lecomte, Flore générale de l’Indochine 2: 804 (1920), incl. forma angustifolia, forma parvifolia et forma laxiflora. — Syzygium zeylanicum auct. non (L.) DC. (1828): Merr. & L.M.Perry, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 19: 101 (1938); P.H.Hô, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam (Câyco Viêtnam) 2: 62, fig. 3771 (1992); K.D.Nguyen, ( Myrtaceae ) Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam 2: 910 (2003)] (see Note 2).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Cambodia. Kampong Chhnang: Kralanh forest reserve, 13.III.1914, Chevalier 31945 (P); idem, 12.II.1918, Chevalier 36889 (P); idem, 12.II.1918, Chevalier 36974 (P). — Kampong Speu: Kirirom , 27.II.1966, Dy Phon 95 (P); Samroang Tong , Phnum Chreav [Mt. Cherev], IV.1870, Pierre 979 (P). — Kampong Thum: Lecomte & Finet s.n. (P). — Kampot: Mt. Bokor , 4.II.1999, Bansok 26 ( K); 26.III.1904, Geoffray 372 (P); 24.II.1896, Hanh s.n. (P); Phnom Kamchay, 8.II.1896, Hanh 97 (P); Mt. Bokor , 10.III.2001, Middleton & M.Monyrak 669 (A, P); idem, 20.II.1960, Smitinand & Abbe 6489 ( K); idem, Popok Vil waterfall, 17.III.1970, Stone 9216 (P); idem, 20.XII.1965, Vidal 4773 (P). — Kandal: Phnom Penh,. VI.1909, d’Alleizette s.n. (L). — Koh Kong: Che Ko, 24.II.1965, T.Kira, K.Hozumi, K.Yoda & S.Kokawa 952 ( BKF). — Preah Vihear: Mlu Prey,. I.1876, Pierre 3195 (Harmand 252) (P). — Pursat: Kol Totung, VII.1965, Martin 164 (P); 26.II.1960, Smitinand, L.B., E.C. Abbe & Rollet 9662 ( K). — Siem Reap: VI.1909, d’Alleizette s.n. (L); Kralanh, Prey Kralanh, 18.IV.1909, Magnen, Gourgand & Châtillon 2 (P); idem, Magnen, Gourgand & Châtillon 3 (P). — sin. loc. Aubréville 29 (P); sin. loc., Collard 54 (P); sin. loc., Guinet 108 (P) .

Laos. Semoun basin, 1875-1877, Harmand s.n. ( K). — Attopeu: Bolaven plateau [Attopeu plateau], III.1877, Pierre 3197 (Harmand 1333) (P). — Bolikhamxai: Khamkeuth, Temple Garden, 2 km southeast of town, 23.IV.2000, Soejarto, S. Bouamanivong, S.Vorasing & M.Sensavang 11419 ( GH). — Khammouan: Nakai, 24.V.2006, K . Nanthavong & Ridsdale BT 512 (E). — Viangchan: Pha That Luang, 6.IV.1949, Vidal 1107B (P); Ban Saphang Meuk, 5.II.1950, Vidal 1169B (P); Phou Khaokhoay , 29.X.1971, Vidal 5626 (P). — between Ubon and Kemmarath: 1866-1868, Thorel s.n. ( BM, P) .

Vietnam. Annam: Pierre s.n. (P). — Cochinchina : Pierre s.n. ( BM, P); between Ho Chi Minh and Cay Cong , IV.1866, Pierre 6253 (P); 1862-1866, Thorel s.n. ( K) ; Thuoc Thau ?, 1862-1866, Thorel s.n. ( K) . — Da Nang: Tourane and vicinity, V.1927, J. & M.S. Clemens 3778 (A, BM) ; idem, V.1927, J. & M.S. Clemens 4215 (A, K) ; idem, 5-9.IX.1927, J. & M.S. Clemens 4490 (P). — Dac Lak: 11.III.1953, Schmid s.n. (P); Ban Trang, Schmid 1001 (P). — Khanh Hoa: Poulo- Condor, Germain 56 (P). — Kon Tum: Dak Poko river, 20 km from Dak Glei village, 30.III.1995, Ayeryanov et al. VH 1000 (P); Ngoc Linh, NW slope of Mt. Ngoc Linh , 15.IV.1995, Averyanov et al. VH 1412 (P); Dak Glei, 18.III.1978, Bien 483 ( HN) ; Dak To , 4.IV.1978, Phuong 464 ( HN) . — Lam Dong: Dalat , 22.IV.1955, Schmid s.n. (P) ; idem, 29.IV.1955, Schmid s.n. (P). — Quang Tri: Chevalier 40207 (de Pirey 21) (P); 1919, Chevalier 41215 (de Pirey 20) (P). — Tay Ninh: Cai Cong, 23.IV.1866, Pierre 106 ( BM) .

DISTRIBUTION. — Widespread from India to Southeast Asia. In Indochina, found in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam ( Fig. 5 ).

ECOLOGY OR HABITAT. — Occurs in wide range of habitat, in primary and secondary forest, dwarf forest, bush, savanna, along roadsides, marshes and by the sea shore, to 1300 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. — IUCN Global Status: Least Concern ( LC); IUCN Regional (Indochina) Status: Least Concern ( LC).

PHENOLOGY. — Flowering: January to October. Fruiting: February to May.

VERNACULAR NAMES. — Cambodia: Pring lies (Kampot), Renh (Kampong Chhnang), Smach (Pursat, Kampong Chhnang & Kampong Thum), Smach daom (Kampot, Kampong Spoe & Koh Kong), Sme (Siem Reap). Laos : Phak Sa Mek (Viangchan). Vietnam : Chen (Quang Tri), Tram tich lan ( Vietnam), Tram sang (Tay ninh), Tram vo do ( Vietnam) .

USES. — The fruit and young leaves edible, the bark is used for making torches and as red dye for fabrics and fishing nets. The plant is also used as traditional medicine against syphilis and dysentery ( Dy Phon 2000). The wood is used as timber for building houses ( Lemmens et al. 1995).

DESCRIPTION

Shrub (2-3 m) or tree to 20 m tall. Glabrous.

Figures

FIG. 4. — Infructescence of Syzygium antisepticum (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry. Photo courtesy of Nguyen Van Dung and John Tan. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 5. — Distribution of Syzygium antisepticum (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry (), Syzygium araiocladum Merrill & L. M.Perry () and Syzygium attenuatum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M.Perry () in Indochina.