Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote, 1958

Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane & Lampert, Silvana, 2019, Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae), Zootaxa 4551 (3), pp. 299-329 : 314-315

Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote, 1958

Figs. 8, 9 , 26–29 , 41 , 47 , 53 , 56–58

Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote 1958: 293 [description, Mexico]; Foote 1967: 24 [catalog]; Norrbom et al. 1999: 146 [catalog]; Norrbom 2004 [database]; Norrbom et al. 2010: 23 [distribution, host plant].

Diagnosis. This species differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. abstersus and E. pereirai in having the apical ray in cell r 1 much narrower than the subapical ray. It differs from E. abstersus and E. acutangulus in lacking serrations on the lateral margin of the aculeus, and in having the apical lobe of the acrophallus expanded apically. It further differs from E. acutangulus in having the reticulate markings between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m yellow to pale brown and more continuous ( Figs. 8–9 ). It further differs from E. pereirai in lacking a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark, the medial prensiseta straight, and the acrophallus with an apical lobe. It differs from E. rionegrensis in having the acrophallus with the apical lobe width twice that of base ( Fig. 53 ), and the aculeus with lateral margin nonserrate ( Fig. 28 ).

Description. Body length 2.97–4.19 mm, mostly yellow in ground color. Setae generally pale brown.

Head: Slightly higher (0.78–0.82 mm) than long (0.54–0.60 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.37–0.42 mm) less than width at vertex (0.46–0.53 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.36–0.43 mm). Gena with few small yellowish setulae on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.25–0.28. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.58–0.68 mm, width 0.54–0.56 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae.

Thorax: Length 1.26–1.48 mm, ground color of scutum brown, of scutellum yellow.

Wing ( Figs. 8–9 ): Length 3.43–3.59 mm, width 1.32–1.58 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown reticulate, with distinctly darker border on anterodistal margin ending anteriorly on vein R 1 or in apex of pterostigma; rest of pterostigma pale yellow or subhyaline. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, medial ray broad, most distal as narrow as or subequal to proximal ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, extended almost to vein R 2+3; usually reaching vein; and small triangular or rounded subapical mark usually reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline marks (with complete or sometimes faint medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete, distinctly broader apically; without distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m large, more than ¾ width of cell. Cells br, bm, cu a, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown reticulate, markings mostly connected. Cell m 1 with 2 dark rays reaching posterior wing margin; basal marginal hyaline spot not reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m connected). Halter whitish to yellow.

Legs: Entirely yellow.

Abdomen: Ground color mostly yellow (sometimes with few dark spots).

Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.92–0.98 mm, width 0.80–0.83 mm at base and 0.26–0.28 mm at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 26 ) length 0.72–0.77 mm. Aculeus ( Fig. 27 ) pale brown, length 0.68–0.71 mm, tip triangular, length 0.07–0.09 mm, with lateral margin nonserrate ( Fig. 28 ). Spermathecae ( Fig. 29 ) subspherical, length 0.17–0.19 mm.

Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and straight ( Fig. 41 ). Phallapodeme 0.36–0.38 mm long. Glans 0.22–0.25 mm long, with apical lobe width twice that of base ( Fig. 53 ); vesica very short.

Distribution. Neotropical. Guatemala (Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Huehuetenango, Quiche, Sololá), Mexico (Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas) (Norrbom et al. 2010), and Peru (Huánuco) ( Fig. 58 ). Elevational records range from 1000-2000 m. The gap in distribution suggests that this species may have been introduced in Peru.

Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. ( Astereae ) in Guatemala (Norrbom et al. 2010). One adult female was swept from Baccharis neglecta Britton. Adults have been collected from May to November in Guatemala and Mexico, and in February, August and September in Peru.

Type data. The holotype female ( USNM type No. 63547 ) is labeled “ La Primavera Jalisco , Mex. 7/8/56 R. &K. Dreisbach ” / “ Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote Holotype ” [handwritten; red label]. It is mounted on a pin, in fair condition, and is deposited in the USNM .

Specimens examined. GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: San Jeronimo, 1000 m, swept from flowering Baccharis salicifolia (90G30), 27–28 Oct 1990, A. L. Norrbom & E. Muñiz, 13♂ 15♀ ( USNM) ; same, reared ex flowers of Baccharis salicifolia (90G30), 13♂ 12♀ ( USNM) , 2♂ 2♀ ( UVG) . Chimaltenango: Chimaltenango, 19–20 Aug 1965, P. J. Spangler, 3♂ 3♀ ( USNM) . Huehuetenango: San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, along river, 15.41551°N 91.76618°W, 1598 m, on Baccharis salicifolia (07G61), 24 Nov 2007, B. D. Sutton, A. L. Norrbom, J. Monzón, F. Camposeco, 5♂ 12♀ ( USNM USNMENT00671600–16 ) ; same, emerged 28 Nov–11 Dec 2007 reared ex flowerheads of Baccharis salicifolia (07G61), collected 24 Nov 2007, 8♂ 9♀ ( USNM USNMENT00671459– 75 ) , 6♂ 4♀ ( FSCA) , 1♂ 1♀ ( UVG) . Quiche: Chichicastenango , 8 km N, 1829 m, 23 Oct 1976, E. S. Ross, 1♂ ( CAS) . Sololá: Panajachel , 19 Aug 1963, D. Q. Cavagnaro & M. E. Irwin, 2♂ 3♀ ( CAS) . MEXICO: Chiapas: San Cristobal de Las Casas , 2194 m, Malaise trap, 10 Jun 1969, 1♀ ( CNC) . Distrito Federal: Guadelupe Hidalgo, 10 Jul 1932, R. Haag, 1♂ ( MCZ) ; same, 2134 m, 10 Jul 1932, C. E. White, 1♂ 2♀ ( MCZ) ; same, 2134 m, 10 Jul 1943, C. E. White, 2♂ 1♀ ( MCZ) . Durango: San Juan del Río , 1585 m, 30 Jul 1947, W. Gertsch, 1♂ ( AMNH) ; Durango City 38.1 km S, sweeping foliage of Baccharis salicifolia, 5 Aug 1988, P. E. Boldt, 1♀ ( USNM) . Guanajuato: Acombaro , 17.7 km SW, 17 Aug 1954, J. W. MacSwain, 1♀ ( UCB) ; Guanajuato, 15 Jul 1954, R. F. Smith, 3♂ 2♀ ( UCB) ; same, 8 km N, 25 Jul 1954, E. I. Schlinger, 1♂ 1♀ ( UCB) . Jalisco: El Tigre , 18 Jul 1954, E. I. Schlinger, 7♂ 1♀ ( UCB) ; Encarnacion de Diaz , 19.3 km S, 18 Aug 1953, C. & P. Vaurie, 1♂ 1♀ ( AMNH) ; Guandalajara, McConnell 1909, H. Kahl, 1♂ ( USNM) ; Huentitan el Bajo, Parque el Mirador , 5 Sep 1972, B. Villegas, 1♀ ( UCD) ; La Quemada , 32.1 km N, 27 Jul 1954, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch, Bradts, 1♂ ( AMNH) ; Teocaltiche, Rancho La Quinta , 1707 m, 25 Aug 1979, B. Villegas, 6♂ 9♀ ( UCD) ; Zapopan , Sep 1965, N. L. H. Krauss, 1♂ ( USNM) . México: Real de Arriba, Temescaltepec , 22 May 1933, H. E. Hinton & R. L. Usinger, 2♂ 2♀ ( CAS) . Michoacán: San Jose Purua , Jun 1965, N. L. H. Krauss, 1♂ ( USNM) ; Uruapan , 1600–1700 m, Aug 1975, N. L. H. Krauss, 6♂ 2♀ ( USNM) . Nayarit: Ahuacatlan , 14 Sep 1970, G. E. & R. M. Bohart, 1♂ 1♀ ( LACM) ; Tepic , 15–17 Sep 1953, B. Malkin, 1♀ ( CAS) . Oaxaca: Oaxaca, 8 Jul 1952, E. E. Gilbert & C. D. MacNeil, 1♀ ( UCB) ; Oaxaca, 17°02'N 96°40'W, Baccharis salicifolia, 9 Aug 1987, W. A. Palmer, 2♂ 1♀ ( USNM) . San Luis Potosí: San Luis Potosi, 6.4 km W, 25 Jun 1953, C. & P. Vaurie, 1♀ ( AMNH) . Sinaloa: Lorenzo , S of, 11 Sep 1970, G. E. & R. M. Bohart, 1♀ ( LACM) . Sonora: Alamos, on Baccharis , 7 Sep 1970, G. E. & R. M. Bohart, 5♂ 2♀ ( LACM) ; Alamos , 3–4 Sep 1991, T. Griswold, 1♂ ( LACM) . Veracruz: Balastrera , on foliage Lantana hispida , 3 Sep 1989, K. R. Pullen, 1♂ ( USNM) . Zacatecas: Fresnillo , 14.4 km S, 10 Aug 1954, E.G. Linsley, 1♀ ( UCB) ; Nochistlan , 1981 m, 21 Aug 1979, B. Villegas, 3♂ 12♀ ( UCD) ; same, 22 Sep 1975, B. Villegas, 1♂ 4♀ ( UCD) ; Río Grande , 1768 m, 19 Aug 1979, B. Villegas, 2♂ 1♀ ( UCD) ; Zacatecas, 88.5 km NW, Hwy. 45, sweeping Baccharis neglecta, 3 Aug 1988, P. E. Boldt, 1♀ ( USNM) . PERU: Huánuco: Huánuco, 19-20 Aug 1971, 1850 m, C. & M. Vardy, 1♂ ( BMNH) ; same, 10 km N Rio Huallaga , 4 Feb 1984, W. N. Mathis, 2♀ ( USNM) ; same, 16 Sep 1954, 2000 m, E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross, 2♂ 1♀ ( CAS) .

Figures

FIGURE 58. Distribution map for Euarestoides: (○) E. abstersus (Loew). (●) E. acutangulus (Thomson). (☆) E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom. (Δ) E. dreisbachi Foote. (■) E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom. (□) E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom.

FIGURES 2‒13. Wings: 2–3, E. abstersus (♂, USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262501; ♀, Delaware, Rehoboth, USNMENT00262502); 4–6, E. acutangulus (♂, USA: California, Riverside, USNMENT00262498; ♀, Palm Springs USNMENT00262499; ♂, Peru: Cusco, Urcos, USNMENT00262500); 7, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (♀, Peru: Cusco, Ollantaytambo, USNMENT00744411); 8–9, E. dreisbachi (♂, ♀, Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671472; USNMENT00671474); 10–11, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♀, Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00262496–97); 12–13, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♂, Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262577–78). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 26‒37. Female terminalia (eversible membrane, aculeus, aculeus tip, and spermatheca): 26–29, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671605); 30–33, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00262601); 34–37, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Tolima, Cajamarca, USNMENT00875332). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 38‒43. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, posterior): 38, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 39, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 40, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 41, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 42, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 43, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 44‒49. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, lateral): 44, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 45, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 46, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 47, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 48, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 49, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 50‒55. Male terminalia (glans and phallus, lateral): 50, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 51, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 52, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 53, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 54, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 55, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 56‒57. Scanning electron micrographs of Euarestoides dreisbachi Foote: 56, head, lateral (acuminate frontal setae indicated by white arrow, face and frons meeting at distinct angle of 120° indicated by black arrow). 57, hind femur, anterior (dorsal pre-apical setae indicated by white arrow).