Goniochilus Sandberger, 1875

Neubauer, Thomas A., Harzhauser, Mathias, Georgopoulou, Elisavet, Mandic, Oleg & Kroh, Andreas, 2014, Replacement names and nomenclatural comments for problematic species-group names in Europe's Neogene freshwater Gastropoda, Zootaxa 3785 (3), pp. 453-468 : 460

Genus Goniochilus Sandberger, 1875

Type species: Pleurocera costulatum Fuchs, 1870 . Late Miocene , Romania. Subsequent designation by Wenz (1926) .

" Goniochilus lecrenthey Pană, 1990 " [nomen nudum]

Discussion. There are several problems with this species. The first and most crucial point is that it is formally a nomen nudum. While Pană (1990) introduced two new subspecies, she did not describe the species itself. The two subspecies are still validly introduced as species-group names. Secondly, there are many misspellings (lecrenthey, loerenthey, loeerenthey) in the publication. Concerning the derivatio nominis section and considering the rules of the ICZN the name should be " lorentheyi ". According to the ICZN (1999, Articles 32.5.1 and 33.2.2), these incorrect original spellings (being either lapsus calami or copyist's or printer's errors) would have to be corrected— which is not necessary here, as the name is a nomen nudum and formally not available.

A similar case is mentioned by Welter-Schultes (2012, p. 382) for the terrestrial snail Oxychilus draparnaudi (Beck, 1837) . This species was neither described nor indicated in the original publication (Beck 1837, p. 6), while the varieties gallica and italica were indeed indicated with bibliographic references. Welter-Schultes (2012) argues that the name draparnaudi was made available under ICZN Article 12.1, because it had an indication for a subordinate taxon that was included originally and this article does not demand a description for the nominal taxon. While it is true that the Code states in the glossary that "a taxon encompasses all taxa of lower rank", we would like to point out that the situation is a bit more complicated. According to the Principle of Coordination (Article 46), all taxa in the species group are deemed to be simultaneously established at every possible rank within the species group. Therefore, the names carinatus and nodosus , originally proposed as subspecies of lorentheyi, are speciesgroup taxa too and thus not subordinate taxa of lorentheyi in a nomenclatural sense. Hence, their descriptions cannot serve as definition for the undescribed nominal form lorentheyi. To do so would imply that one or both are synonymized with lorentheyi, which would be a taxonomic but not a nomenclatural act. The situation in O. draparnaudi , in contrast, was solved by ICZN (1955, Op. 336), which made the name available.

Consequently, the only two taxa available are as follows: