Aspidosperma australe Müll.Arg.

Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos & Koch, Ingrid, 2022, Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae), Phytotaxa 571 (3), pp. 239-277 : 243-244

Aspidosperma australe Müll.Arg. in Mart. & auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 58. 1860.

≡ Aspidosperma australe var. australe . ≡ Macaglia australis (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.

Lectotype (first step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 151. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. 1818– 1820, F. Sellow B1645-c77? ( BR [barcode 0000005783724 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000005783724 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-016032 image!], P [barcode P00639570 image!, barcode P00639571 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4406 image! .

= Aspidosperma argenteum Müll.Arg. in Warming in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869(6–8): 104. 1869. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, 14 Oct 1865, J.E.B. Warming s.n. (C [barcode C10005738 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005737 image!, barcode C10005739 image!], NY [barcode 00297949 image!]).

= Aspidosperma australe var. estrellense Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 263. 1913. Lectotype (designated here): — PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, pr. Estrella, Oct 1907 /1908, T. Rojas s.n. [E. Hassler [10651]] (RB [barcode 00285779!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 0217884 image!], BM [barcode 000087373 image!], C [barcode C10005741 image!], G [barcode G00108662 image!, barcode G00108663 image!, barcode G00108664 image! (mounted on three herbarium sheets)], K [barcode K000587669 image!], MO [barcode MO-015984 image!], NO [barcode NO0109661 image!], S [No. S12-16369 image!], SI [barcode 000741 image!], US [barcode 00111782 image!]).

= Aspidosperma missionum Speg. in Physis (Buenos Aires) 3(15): 336. 1917. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— ARGENTINA. Misiones: Posadas, 1883–1907, C.L. Spegazzini s.n. [C.L. Spegazzini [12685]] (LP [barcode 002814 image!]).

= Aspidosperma bellohorizontinum Silveira in Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 23: [159]. 1921. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, in Via Bernardo Guimarães, Nov–Dec , A. da Silveira s.n. [Herb. Silveira No. 570] (RB [barcode 00044297!]), syn. nov.

= Aspidosperma longipetiolatum Kuhlm., Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot. 3: 86. 1940. Lectotype (designated by Handro in Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 3(5): 282. 1962):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Laranjeiras , ad Montem Dona Martha, 17 Jun 1936, J.G. Kuhlmann s.n. (RB [barcode 00535050!]; isolectotypes: NY [barcode 01085723 image!], SP [barcode SP000318 image!]), syn. nov.

= Aspidosperma gehrtii Handro in Loefgrenia 9: [1]. 1963. Holotype:— BRAZIL. São Paulo, Ilha da Queimada Grande, 3 Nov 1920, A. Gehrt s.n. (SP [barcode SP000317 image!]; isotype: SPF [barcode SPF00071716 !]), syn. nov.

“ Aspidosperma australe var. erythroxylum ” Hassl., Addenda Pl. Hassl.: 12. 1917, nom. nud.

“ Aspidosperma australe var. longepetiolatum ” Hassl., Addenda Pl. Hassl.: 12. 1917, nom. nud.

Notes —From the two gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. australe by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) cited “Sellow s.n.” (Sellow B1645-c77?) as the type but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. We narrowed his lectotypification by selecting the best-preserved specimen from Sellow B1645-c77? as the second-step lectotype of A. australe (BR barcode 0000005783724) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Based on the works about Friedrich Sellow ( Urban 1906; Herter 1945; de Moraes 2008), we can speculate that Sellow’s collection was made between 1818 and 1820.

Silveira (1921) used a hyphen to separate the epithet in A. bellohorizontinum (“ A. bello-horizontinum ”). However, since the epithet’s two words did not stand independently, coming from the name of a city, we performed the deletion of the hyphen according to the ICN article 60.11 ( Turland et al. 2018). In the description of this species, Silveira (1921) mentioned a specimen deposited in his herbarium (“ N. 570 in herbario Silveira ”). Silveira’s collection was later distributed to the herbaria BHCB, OUPR, R, and RB (V.R. Scalon, personal information). We found one sheet without collecting number corresponding to this species in RB (RB barcode 00044297), thus we consider the gathering Silveira s.n. as the syntype (perhaps holotype) of A. bellohorizontinum .

Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Warming s.n. in the prologue of A. argenteum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the specimen with the most informative label from this collection as the lectotype of A. argenteum (C barcode C10005737) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). We did the same for A. australe var. estrellense , and from the single gathering “Hassler 10651” (Rojas s.n.) indicated by Hassler (1913) in its protologue, we elected as the lectotype a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00285779) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).

Woodson (1951) synonymized A. longipetiolatum under A. pyricollum Müll.Arg. , but Handro (1962) reestablished the former. We disagree with both authors and recognize A. pyricollum as a distinct species from A. australe because of its usually broader leaves (1.6–4.1 vs. 0.7–2.9), eucamptodromous venation (vs. brochidodromous), and follicles brownish (vs. greyish) with long stipes (1.2–2.1 vs. 0.7–0.8). Also, we consider A. bellohorizontinum , A. gehrtii , and A. longipetiolatum as synonyms of A. australe since they present elliptic to narrow-obovate leaves with longer petioles (> 2 cm long), externally entirely pubescent flowers with whitish indument, corolla lobes shorter than the tube (2–4×), entirely pubescent ovary, and follicles with whitish indument and sparse lenticels, which are key features in A. australe .