Seraphs volutatus (Solander & Brander, 1766)

Caze, Bruno, Merle, Didier, Pacaud, Jean-Michel & Saint Martin, Jean-Paul, 2010, First Systematic Study using the Variability of the Residual Colour Patterns: The Case of the Paleogene Seraphsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stromboidea), Geodiversitas 32 (3), pp. 417-477 : 426-428

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5252/g2010n3a4
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A69848-FF9E-1E54-FEFB-FBD2FBA5FD7A
treatment provided by	Marcus
scientific name	Seraphs volutatus
status

Treatment

Seraphs volutatus View in CoL (Solander in Brander, 1766) ( Figs 5A, B, E View FIG ; 6 View FIG A-E; 7; 8)

Bulla volutata Solander in Brander, 1766: 34, pl. 6, fig. 75.

Terebellum convolutum Lamarck, 1798 View in CoL : pl. 360, fig. 2 (nomen nudum).

Terebellum convolutum Lamarck, 1802: 390 View in CoL , no. 1, vélin 2, fig. 7a, b; 1805: 225, 226, pl. 2 [44], fig. 3a, b; 1810: 302, no. 2; 1816: pl. 360, fig. 2; 1822: 411, no. 2; 1823: pl. 2, fig. 3a, b. — de Roissy 1804: 425-426. — Bory de Saint-Vincent 1826: 165, pl. 360, fig. 2; 1827: 165, pl. 360, fig. 2. — de Blainville 1827: pl. 27, fig. 2, 2a. — Deshayes & Milne-Edwards 1844: 585, no. 2. — Pictet 1855: pl. 64, fig. 1.

Terebellum sopitum – d’Orbigny 1850: 352, no. 263 partim. — Lowry et al. 1866: pl. 3. — Cossmann 1907: 254, fig. 3. — Bosatta et al. 1973: 190, pl. 1, figs 8, 9. Non Bulla sopita Solander in Brander, 1766.

Terebellum (Seraphs) sopitum – Cossmann 1901: 89, pl. 15, fig.5. — Glibert1933:58; 1963:40.— Korobkov1955:260, pl. 57, fig. 4. Non Bulla sopita Solander in Brander, 1766.

Seraphs convolutus View in CoL – de Montfort 1810: 375, 376, 1 fig. — Defrance 1827: 490. — Wood 1829: 7, pl. 6, fig. 75.

Terebellum (Seraphs) convolutum View in CoL – Fischer 1884: 673, fig. 433. — Cossmann 1904: 46, pl. 1, fig. 1. — Cossmann & Pissarro 1911: pl. 31, fig. 158-2. — Wenz 1940: 938, fig. 2742.

Terebellum (Seraphs) sopitum var. convoluta – Cossmann 1889: 96-97; 1898: 341, pl. 7, fig. 35.

Seraphs sopitus – Jung 1974: 16-21, pl. 1, figs 1-19; pl. 2, figs 1-8; pl. 3, figs 1-9; pl. 4, figs 1-13, text-fig. 11. — Dolin et al. 1980: 28. — Savazzi 1991: 324, fig. 13F. Non Bulla sopita Solander in Brander, 1766.

Seraphs volutatus View in CoL – Le Renard 1992: 6. — Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 112. — Pacaud & Le Renard 1995: 162. — Pacaud 2008: 724, fig. 2E, F.

TYPE LOCALITY. — Hordwell ( England), Bartonian (Middle Eocene).

TYPE MATERIAL. — Bulla volutata Solander in Brander, 1766: the single preserved syntype ( BMNH GG 21010) has been selected unambiguously by Jung (1974: 18) as lectotype:“the type specimen of Bulla volutata Solander in Brander (1766, p. 34, pl. 6, fig. 75)”. According to article 74.5 of the ICZN (1999) this mention, made before 2000, constitutes a valid lectotype designation.

Terebellum convolutum Lamarck, 1802 View in CoL : lectotype (MNHN B70325, Lamarck coll.) selected here from 3 syntypes from the Lutetian of Grignon (Yvelines); 2 paralectotypes ( MNHN A28775, Lamarck coll.) .

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — See Appendix 1.

DESCRIPTION

Shells

Shell up to 75 mm in height and 22 mm in diameter, slightly inflated with short and blunt to somewhat acute apex ( Jung 1974). Aperture long and narrow. Callus of the inner lip very thin and rarely preserved except on some “gerontic” shells. Columella almost straight near the base, or rarely bent in some big shells. Outer lip very thin, not thickened, sinuous for the whole height and extending to the apex ( Fig. 6B View FIG ). Siphonal notch moderately deep on the dorsal side of the shell. No sculpture on the surface of the shell.

Colour pattern

According to Jung (1974), perfectly preserved specimens from the Lutetian of Paris Basin show, in normal light, many small and irregular dots which compose the residual colour pattern.

Under UV light, the colour pattern consists of numerous small dots on a lighter background ( Fig. 7 View FIG ). These dots, variable in size, show two levels of residual pigmentation ( Fig. 7G View FIG ). The first one consists of triangle-like spots, darker than the background. The apex of these spots is directed towards the growing edge. The second one consists of spots with a fuzzy border, white, fluorescent under UV light and directed towards the inner lip. They are adjacent to the base of the dark spots. Light spots are variable in shape and size, but they are usually narrower than the dark spots ( Fig. 7 View FIG A-D, G-I). These two components form the dots. Dot density is generally more important on the apical part of the shell. They often form sinuous, axial rows nearly parallel to the edge of growth ( Fig. 7A, B View FIG ). The space between these rows is narrow on the apex and broader on the median and basal parts of the shell.

VARIABILITY OF THE COLOUR PATTERN

The background is generally light, but sometimes shows large and diffuse darker areas ( Fig. 7H, I View FIG ).

The density of dots is very variable. Some shells have a few large dots and their axial rows are not clearly defined. On other shells, the density of dots is so great that their coalescence may hide the original background. Some specimens strongly coalescent show very few isolated dots. Juvenile specimens often show proportionally bigger dots ( Fig. 7E, F View FIG ). Sometimes the relative size of the light spot is greater than the dark triangular spot ( Fig. 7E, F View FIG ).

STRATIGRAPHIC EXTENSION

Several specimens ( Fig. 8 View FIG ) collected in Sapicourt (Marne, France) constitute the new oldest occurence of the species (Ypresian [Cuisian]).

MNHN	Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Order	Littorinimorpha
Family	Seraphsidae
Genus	Seraphs

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Order	Cephalaspidea
Family	Bullidae
Genus	Bulla