PLETHODONTIDAE Gray 1850

Mccranie, James R., 2015, A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed, Zootaxa 3931 (3), pp. 352-386 : 361-363

FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE Gray 1850 , 31

(5 genera, 7 subgenera, 38 species, 24 endemic species). Solís et al. (2014) did not use salamander subgenera in their list. McCranie (2009) had grouped the Honduran Bolitoglossa species into the subgenera recognized by Parra- Olea et al. (2004) and that arrangement is continued herein.

Bolitoglossa A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 c, 88 (17 species, 9 endemic species)

Subgenus Bolitoglossa A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 c, 88 (3 species, 9 endemic species). This subgenus corresponds to the B. mexicana species group used in the companion publications McCranie (2006) and McCranie & Castañeda (2007).

Bolitoglossa mexicana A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 c, 93

Bolitoglossa odonnelli (Stuart 1943, 10). García-París et al. (2000) found two clades among the Honduran B. mexicana complex specimens they studied using molecular data. One of those clades was identified as B. odonnelli , but since there were no morphological characters to distinguish that clade from B. mexicana , those authors recommended referring Honduran populations to a B. mexicana complex . Subsequently, García-París et al. (2002) suggested calling those clades B. mexicana and B. odonnelli , thus, including both species in Honduras. Subsequent to the McCranie (2009) checklist there seems to be changes taking place among herpetologists in accepting molecular only definable species (i.e., Incilius porteri for which no convincing morphological data has been provided to support the genetic data; Cerrophidion wilsoni , which cannot be diagnosed by a single morphological character [ Jadin et al. 2012]) from the remaining species recently separated from C. godmani ). Rovito (2009) studied various other populations of the B. mexicana complex for his dissertation and also recovered two deeply divided and highly divergent clades within Honduran B. mexicana (sensu lato) that he identified as B. mexicana and B. odonnelli . Neither McCranie (2009) nor Solís et al. (2014) mentioned B. odonnelli .

Bolitoglossa striatula (Noble 1918, 344)

Subgenus Magnadigita Taylor 1944 , 218 (12 species, 9 endemic species). This subgenus corresponds to the B. dunni species group used in the companion publications McCranie (2006) and McCranie & Castañeda (2007), with the exception of one subsequently described species.

Bolitoglossa carri (E) McCranie & Wilson 1993, 9

Bolitoglossa cataguana (E) Townsend, Butler, Wilson & Austin 2009, 96

Bolitoglossa celaque (E) McCranie & Wilson 1993, 11

Bolitoglossa conanti (E) McCranie & Wilson 1993, 4

Bolitoglossa decora (E) McCranie & Wilson 1997, 367

Bolitoglossa diaphora (E) McCranie & Wilson 1995, 448

Bolitoglossa dunni (K. Schmidt 1933, 16)

Bolitoglossa heiroreias Greenbaum 2004 , 412

Bolitoglossa longissima (E) McCranie & Cruz 1996, 195

Bolitoglossa oresbia (E) McCranie, Espinal & Wilson 2005, 108

Bolitoglossa porrasorum (E) McCranie & Wilson 1995, 132. Townsend et al. (2012) indicated that more than one genetic species was apparently involved under this nominal form.

Bolitoglossa synoria McCranie & Köhler 1999 , 226

Subgenus Nanotriton Parra-Olea, García-París & Wake 2004 , 335 (1 species). The single Honduran species in this subgenus was included in the B. rufescens species group used by McCranie (2006; as B. rufescens [Cope 1869, p. 104]) and its companion publication McCranie & Castañeda (2007).

Bolitoglossa nympha Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie 2010 , 41. Rovito et al. (2012a, 2012b) and Townsend et al. (2012) have indicated that more than one species is involved in the B. rufescens - B. nympha complex .

Subgenus Pachymandra Parra-Olea, García-París & Wake 2004, 336 (1 species). The species included herein in Pachymandra clustered with species of the subgenus Magnadigita in the study of Campbell et al. (2010), but formed a separate clade named Pachymandra by Parra-Olea et al. (2004). Both studies were based on molecular data, but that of Parra-Olea et al. (2004) was much more thorough. Also, B. dofleini differs significantly in external morphology from the remaining species in Magnadigita .

Bolitoglossa dofleini (Werner 1903, 352)

Cryptotriton García-París & Wake 2000, 58 (2 species, 1 endemic species). The recent surprising discovery of this genus in an apparently isolated population well to the east of the remaining known populations of Cryptotriton in Honduras suggests that additional populations of this secretive genus await discovery in Honduras. One locality where this genus likely occurs is elevations above about 1500 m in the Cerro Azul National Park in Copán.

Cryptotriton nasalis (Dunn 1924, 97). Solís et al. (2014) continued to recognize this species as a Honduran endemic, despite McCranie & Rovito (2014) having documented its presence in Guatemala ( Solís et al. 2014 cited that recent publication for the next species).

Cryptotriton necopinus (E) McCranie & Rovito 2014, 63

Dendrotriton Wake & Elias 1983, 11 (1 species, 1 endemic species)

Dendrotriton sanctibarbarus (E) (McCranie & Wilson 1997, 111)

Nototriton Wake & Elias 1983, 11 (7 species, 6 endemic species)

Nototriton barbouri (E) (K. Schmidt 1936, 43). Townsend et al. (2012) indicated there is genetic evidence that more than one species is involved under this nominal form.

Nototriton brodiei Campbell & Smith 1998 , 3

Nototriton lignicola (E) McCranie & Wilson 1997, 369

Nototriton limnospectator (E) McCranie, Wilson & Polisar 1998, 455

Nototriton mime (E) Townsend, Medina-Flores, Reyes-Calderón & Austin 2013, 361

Nototriton picucha (E) Townsend, Medina-Flores, Murillo & Austin 2011, 283

Nototriton tomamorum (E) Townsend, Butler, Wilson & Austin 2010, 4

Oedipina Keferstein 1868 , 331 (3 subgenera, 11 species, 7 endemic species)

Subgenus Oedipina Keferstein 1868 , 331 (5 species, 2 endemic species)

Oedipina chortiorum Brodie, Acevedo & Campbell 2012 , 237. Brodie et al. (2012) described this species from a locality in the Guatemalan portion of Cerro Montecristo. A series of morphologically similar salamanders is available from the Honduran side of Cerro Montecristo. DNA data from one of those Honduran specimens was reported on by García-París & Wake (2000; as Oedipina sp. B). McCranie (2006) and the companion publication McCranie & Castañeda (2007), had identified those salamanders as O. ignea . There is no reason to expect that the Honduran Cerro Montecristo species is not conspecific with those on the Guatemalan side of that same mountain range (although the Guatemalan locality for this species is in open pine forest [see Brodie et al. 2012, 238] and the Honduran locality assigned to O. chortiorum were found in Mesic broadleaf forest). Therefore, this species is included in the Honduran herpetofauna herein for the first time (but also see comments for O. ignea ).

Oedipina ignea Stuart 1952 , 1. The Brodie et al. (2012) descriptions of O. chortiorum and O. tzutujilorum from Guatemala calls into question the identity of the Honduran salamanders previously identified as O. ignea . There appear to be discrete differences between the salamanders from mesic broadleaf forest in Ocotepeque and those from open pine forests in Intibucá and La Paz (McCranie pers. observ.). Further morphological and genetic study of the Guatemalan topotypic O. chortiorum and those of the Honduran Intibucá and La Paz populations (ca. O. ignea ) would likely reveal that either the Ocotepeque populations or those from Intibucá and La Paz need a new name. Another nominal form to consider in this problem is the Brodie et al. (2012) description of O. tzutujilorum from a mesic broadleaf forest on the Pacific versant of Guatemala). An unsuccessful effort was made during June 2013 to collect additional Oedipina specimens from the Honduran pine forest populations for genetic study. Solís et al. (2014) did not mention the problems associated with the Brodie et al. (2012) description of O. chortiorum , that had the effect of isolating the Honduran populations assigned to O. ignea from those of Guatemala.

Oedipina leptopoda (E) McCranie, Vieites & Wake 2008, 13

Oedipina stuarti (E) Brame 1968, 47

Oedipina taylori Stuart 1952 , 2. Brodie et al. (2012) concluded that more than one species is represented under this nominal form.

Subgenus Oeditriton McCranie, Vieites & Wake 2008, 6 (2 species, 2 endemic species)

Oedipina kasios (E) McCranie, Vieites & Wake 2008, 11

Oedipina quadra (E) McCranie, Vieites & Wake 2008, 6. Although not yet reported from Nicaragua, this species probably occurs in the lowland mesic forests of the northeastern portion of that country.

Subgenus Oedopinola Hilton 1946, 38 (4 species, 3 endemic species) Oedipina elongata (K. Schmidt 1936, 165)

Oedipina gephyra (E) McCranie, Wilson & Williams 1993, 385 Oedipina petiola (E) McCranie & Townsend 2011, 62 Oedipina tomasi (E) McCranie 2006, 291