Typhlochactidae Mitchell, 1971

Prendini, Lorenzo, Ehrenthal, Valentin L. & Loria, Stephanie F., 2021, Systematics Of The Relictual Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Gromov, 1998, With A Review Of Cavernicolous, Troglobitic, And Troglomorphic Scorpions, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (453), pp. 1-153 : 130-133

Family Typhlochactidae Mitchell, 1971

Alacran chamuco Francke, 2009 : MEXICO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps, legs, and metasoma attenuate; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle greatly enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Francke, 2009a; Santibáñez-López et al., 2014c; Deharveng and Bedos, 2018); troglobio (Palacios-Vargas and Reddell, 2013). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Francke (2009a); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Fet et al. (2011b); Palacios-Vargas and Reddell (2013); Santibáñez-López et al. (2014c); Deharveng and Bedos (2018). Remarks: This species, which is probably a junior synonym of A. tartarus , was listed as Alacran sp. by Vignoli and Prendini (2009).

Alacran tartarus Francke, 1982 : MEXICO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps, legs and metasoma attenuate; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle greatly enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Francke, 1982, 2009a; Armas, 1994; Graham and Fet, 2006; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008; Vignoli and Prendini, 2009; Prendini et al., 2010; Santibáñez-López et al., 2014c; Deharveng and Bedos, 2018); troglobitic (Francke, 1986); troglobie (Lourenço and Francke, 1985); most highly cave-adapted scorpion in the world (Sissom and Reddell, 2009); troglobio (Palacios-Vargas and Reddell, 2013). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Francke (1982, 1986, 2009a); Lourenço and Francke (1985); Armas (1994); Palacios-Vargas (1994); Sissom and Cokendolpher (1998); Graham and Fet (2006); Volschenk and Prendini (2008); Sissom and Reddell (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b); Palacios- Vargas and Reddell (2013); Santibáñez-López et al. (2014c); Deharveng and Bedos (2018).

Alacran triquimera Santibáñez-López et al., 2014 : MEXICO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps, legs and metasoma attenuate; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle greatly enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Santibáñez-López et al., 2014c; Deharveng and Bedos, 2018). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Santibáñez-López et al. (2014c); Deharveng and Bedos (2018).

Sotanochactas elliotti (Mitchell, 1971) : MEX- ICO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps, legs, and metasoma attenuate; prolateral and retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle slightly enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Mitchell, 1971; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971a; Reddell and Elliott, 1973a; Reddell, 1981; Francke, 1982, 1986; Armas, 1994; Graham and Fet, 2006; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008; Vignoli and Prendini, 2009; Prendini et al., 2010); probably troglobite (Reddell, 1973); troglobie (Lourenço and Francke, 1985); highly troglomorphic eyeless species (Sissom and Reddell, 2009); troglobio (Palacios-Vargas and Reddell, 2013). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Mitchell (1971); Reddell and Mitchell (1971a); Reddell (1973, 1981); Reddell and Elliott (1973a); González-Sponga (1974); Soleglad (1976); Mitchell and Peck (1977); Lourenço (1981); Francke (1982, 1986); Lourenço and Francke (1985); Sissom (1988); Armas (1994); Palacios-Vargas (1994); Graham and Fet (2006); Volschenk and Prendini (2008); Sissom and Reddell (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Jaulin et al. (2010); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b); Palacios-Vargas and Reddell (2013).

Stygochactas granulosus (Sissom and Cokendolpher, 1998) : MEXICO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps, legs and metasoma attenuate; prolateral and retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Sissom and Cokendolpher, 1998; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008; Francke et al., 2009; Vignoli and Prendini, 2009; Prendini et al., 2010); eyeless species (Sissom and Reddell, 2009); troglobio (Palacios-Vargas and Reddell, 2013). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Sissom and Cokendolpher (1998); Volschenk and Prendini (2008); Francke et al. (2009); Sissom and Reddell (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b); Palacios- Vargas and Reddell (2013); Santibáñez-López et al. (2014c).

Typhlochactas cavicola Francke, 1986 : MEX- ICO. Habitat : inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps and legs attenuate; prolateral and retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobie (Lourenço and Francke, 1985) ; troglobite (Francke, 1986; Armas, 1994; Sissom and Cokendolpher , 1998; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008; Vignoli and Prendini, 2009; Prendini et al., 2010) ; eyeless species (Sissom and Reddell , 2009) ; troglobio (Palacios-Vargas and Reddell, 2013). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Lourenço and Francke (1985) ; Francke (1986) ; Sissom (1988) ; Armas (1994) ; Palacios-Vargas (1994) ; Sissom and Cokendolpher (1998) ; Kovařík (2000a) ; Volschenk and Prendini (2008) ; Francke et al. (2009) ; Sissom and Reddell (2009) ; Vignoli and Prendini (2009) ; Prendini et al. (2010) ; Fet et al. (2011b) ; Palacios- Vargas and Reddell (2013) .

Typhlochactas mitchelli Sissom, 1988 : MEX- ICO. Habitat: montane forest litter. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: montane forest litter (Sis- som, 1988); forest litter in mountains (Sissom and Cokendolpher, 1998); endogean, not a troglobite (Volschenk and Prendini, 2008); humicolous (Francke et al., 2009); leaf litter (Lourenço, 2009); endogean (humicolous) (Vignoli and Prendini, 2009); endogean (Prendini et al., 2010). Current assessment: endogean. Citations: Sissom (1988); Sissom and Cokendolpher (1998); Volschenk and Prendini (2008); Botero-Trujillo and Francke (2009); Francke et al. (2009); Lourenço (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b).

Typhlochactas reddelli Mitchell, 1968 : MEX- ICO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps and legs attenuate; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Mitchell, 1968, 1971; Reddell, 1971a, 1971b, 1981; Francke, 1982, 1986; Muchmore, 1972; Armas, 1994; Sissom and Cokendolpher, 1998; Lourenço and Goodman, 2008; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008; Francke et al., 2009; Vignoli and Prendini, 2009; Prendini et al., 2010; Lourenço and Pham, 2013, 2014a; Deharveng and Bedos, 2018); probable troglobite (Reddell, 1973); troglobias (González-Sponga, 1974); troglòbies (Vives, 1981); troglobie (Lourenço and Francke, 1985); eyeless species (Sissom and Reddell, 2009); troglobio (Palacios-Vargas and Reddell, 2013). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Mitchell (1968, 1971); Reddell (1971a, 1971b, 1973, 1981); Muchmore (1972); González-Sponga (1974); Vachon (1974); Soleglad (1976); Mitchell and Peck (1977); Lourenço (1981); Vives (1981); Francke (1982, 1986); Lourenço and Francke (1985); Sissom (1988); Armas (1994); Palacios-Vargas (1994); Sissom and Cokendolpher (1998); Kovařík (2000a); Graham and Fet (2006); Lourenço and Goodman (2008); Volschenk and Prendini (2008); Francke et al. (2009); Sissom and Reddell (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b); Lourenço and Pham (2013, 2014a); Palacios-Vargas and Reddell (2013); Deharveng and Bedos (2018).

Typhlochactas rhodesi Mitchell, 1968 : MEXICO. Habitat: inside cave. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; pedipalps and legs attenuate; prolateral and retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: troglobite (Mitchell, 1968, 1971; Reddell, 1971a, 1971b, 1981; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971b; Mitchell and Kawakatsu, 1973; Reddell and Elliott, 1973b; Francke, 1982, 1986; Armas, 1994; Sissom and Cokendolpher, 1998; Lourenço and Goodman, 2008; Volschenk and Prendini, 2008; Francke et al., 2009; Vignoli and Prendini, 2009; Prendini et al., 2010; Lourenço and Pham, 2013, 2014a); probable troglobite (Reddell, 1973); troglobias (González-Sponga, 1974); troglòbies (Vives, 1981); troglobie (Lourenço and Francke, 1985); eyeless species (Sissom and Reddell, 2009); troglobio (Palacios-Vargas and Reddell, 2013). Current assessment: hypogean: troglobite. Citations: Mitchell (1968, 1971); Reddell (1971a, 1971b, 1973, 1981); Reddell and Mitchell (1971b); Mitchell and Kawakatsu (1973); Reddell and Elliott (1973b); González-Sponga (1974); Soleglad (1976); Mitchell and Peck (1977); Lourenço (1981); Vives (1981); Francke (1982, 1986); Lourenço and Francke (1985); Sissom (1988); Armas (1994); Palacios-Vargas (1994); Sissom and Cokendolpher (1998); Graham and Fet (2006); Lourenço and Goodman (2008); Volschenk and Prendini (2008); Francke et al. (2009); Sissom and Reddell (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b); Lourenço and Pham (2013, 2014a); Palacios-Vargas and Reddell (2013); Santibáñez-López et al. (2014c).

Typhlochactas sissomi Francke et al., 2009 : MEX- ICO. Habitat: mesophilous forest, under stone. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: probably humicolous (Francke et al., 2009); endogean (Vignoli and Prendini, 2009; Prendini et al., 2010). Current assessment: endogean. Citations: Botero-Trujillo and Francke (2009); Francke et al. (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b); Santibáñez-López et al. (2014c).

Typhlochactas sylvestris Mitchell and Peck, 1977 : MEXICO. Habitat: montane forest litter. Troglomorphies: median and lateral ocelli absent; pigmentation and sclerotization absent; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; telson vesicle enlarged. Previous assessments: known eyeless epigean/montane forest litter habitat (Mitchell and Peck, 1977; Francke, 1986; Sissom, 1988); litéricole (Emerit et al., 1996); forest litter in mountains (Sissom and Cokendolpher, 1998); leaf litter in cloud forest (Kovařík, 2000a); endogean, not a troglobite (Volschenk and Prendini, 2008); humicolous (Francke et al., 2009); litter (Lourenço, 2009); humicolous (endogean) (Vignoli and Prendini, 2009); endogean (Prendini et al., 2010). Current assessment: endogean. Citations: Mitchell and Peck (1977); Francke (1982, 1986); Sissom (1988); Emerit et al. (1996); Sissom and Cokendolpher (1998); Kovařík (2000a); Volschenk and Prendini (2008); Botero-Trujillo and Francke (2009); Francke et al. (2009); Lourenço (2009); Vignoli and Prendini (2009); Prendini et al. (2010); Fet et al. (2011b).