Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958

Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species, Zootaxa 5276, pp. 1-71 : 25-28

Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev.

( Figs 14–15 , 45 )

Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958: 321 ; Hull, 1962 (2): 481, 482, figs. 349, 394, 786, 1545, 1554, 2201, 2205 (synopsis of world fauna).

Ctenodontina carrerai ; Martin & Papavero, 1970: 70 (catalogue, combination); Lamas, 1972: 313 (catalogue); Lamas, 1973: 275 (synonym of Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953 ); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36, figs. 17–26 (status revalidated); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue, synonym of Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953 ); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 273 , 274, 278, fig. 4 (status revalidated, key).

Ctenodontina maya ; Lamas, 1973: 275, 276, figs. 1–3 (key); Fisher, 1985: 34 (species list); Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 36, figs. 12, 27, 29–34 ( Lecania -group catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 30 (catalogue); Vieira, 2012: 2, fig. 1 (key); Vieira, 2014: 314 (comments); Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 290, figs. 1, 3 (key); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 275 , 276, 278, fig. 5 (comments, key).

Diagnosis. Face greyish white pruinose; ocellar tubercle with two pairs of proclinated black setae; mystical mystacal white, with a few black macrosetae dorsally; fore and mid femora sharply marked with black stripe on anterodorsal surface ( Fig. 14A ); hind femur wholly black ( Fig. 14C ); fore and mid tibiae wholly pale, except for a short discal black spot on anterior surface; hind tibia blackish or dark brown on outer fifth ( Fig. 14A ); hind femur with a cluster of 15 or more short, stout, sub-tuberculate, black and yellow macrosetae closely set and appressed ( Fig. 14C ); terminalia black ( Fig. 14D ); dorsal epandrial margin without an indentation, gently concave on its mid-length ( Fig. 15A–B, F ); apex of epandrium with a short projection pointed downwards ( Fig. 15A–B, F ); apex of gonocoxite almost sickle-like shape apically ( Fig. 15G–H ). This diagnosis is based on the original description of Hull (1958) and the description of the male terminalia provided in an addendum by Sánchez & Camargo (2021).

Taxonomic discussion. The type of this species was deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S„o Paulo (MZUSP) ( Papavero 2009), however in two recent visits by the senior author to the collection (2015 and 2017), the type was not located and it is considered lost (see Sánchez & Camargo 2021).

Lamas (1973) synonymized this species with Ctenodontina maya Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953 . Back in that time, only three species were known: Ctenodontina carrerai , Ctenodontina maya and Ctenodontina pectinatipes Enderlein, 1914 . Lamas (1973) described the fourth species, Ctenodontina mochica Lamas, 1973 , and as pointed out by Sánchez & Camargo (2021), the discrepancy between Ctenodontina pectinatipes and Ctenodontina mochica , may have led Lamas (1973) to recognize Ctenodontina carrerai as a synonym of Ctenodontina maya , since they are much more similar when compared with Ctenodontina mochica and Ctenodontina pectinatipes .

Recently, Sánchez & Camargo (2021) revalidated the status of this species and described the male terminalia in an addendum to the original description, including new distribution records for Peru. This revalidation was based mainly on characters of the male terminalia. The femoral swelling in Catostola carrerai comb. rev., is shallower and almost inconspicuous ( Fig. 14C ); the dorsal epandrial margin lacks an indentation (gently concave) on its mid-length ( Fig. 15A–B, F ); the epandrial apex possesses a short projection pointed downwards ( Fig. 15A–B, F ) and the gonocoxal apex is sickle-like shaped ( Fig. 15G–H ). In the other hand Catostola maya comb. rev. has a conspicuous femoral swelling ( Fig. 26 ); the dorsal epandrial margin has an indentation on its mid-length ( Fig. 24E ); the epandrial apex is rounded and pointed posteriorly ( Fig. 24E ) and the gonocoxal apex is enlarged, spatulated and rounded ( Fig. 25E ).

Contrastingly, Catostola carrerai comb. rev., is more similar to Catostola sagta ( Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov., which also possesses an almost inconspicuous femoral swelling on the male hind femora ( Fig. 37 ). The main differences are again in the male terminalia. In Catostola sagta comb. nov., the dorsal epandrial margin possesses a gentle indentation on its mid-length and a very conspicuous dorsal apical projection only slightly downwards curved apically, its proximal part much more enlarged ( Fig. 34E ) and the apex of the gonocoxite is pointed ( Fig. 35E ).

It is interesting to mention that in the description of Catostola stat. rev., Hull (1958) describes the S8 and in the description of the species, he calls the same structure as hypandrium. With the revalidation of Catostola carrerai comb. rev., by Sánchez & Camargo (2021) and with the current revalidation of the status of Catostola stat. rev., in the present work this species becomes a valid species of Catostola stat. rev.

Only additional specimens collected in Peru were available for our study through images, which were kindly sent to us by Pável Sánchez (MUSM). Thus, we decided to provide only a brief diagnosis for this species, since redescription based on images should be avoided because some important characters like pruinosity and chaetotaxy would not be properly seen or described.

Distribution ( Fig. 45 ). Peru, (Junín, Valle Chanchamayo and Madre de Dios, Tambopata) ( Hull 1958; Lamas 1973; Sánchez & Camargo 2021).

Figures

FIGURE 14. Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev., male. A. Habitus, lateral; B. Postpedicel and stylus, anterior; C. Hind femur, anterior (yellow arrow indicates cluster of macrosetae); D. Terminalia, lateral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; epand: epandrium; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; hypd: hypandrium; st: sternite; tg: tergite. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev., male. A. Terminalia, lateral; B. Terminalia dissected, lateral; C. Sternite 8, ventral; D. Terminalia, dorsal; E. Same, ventral; F. Epandrium, lateral; G. Gonocoxite, lateral, external; H. Same, internal; I. Phallus, lateral; J. Same, lateral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; goncx: gonocoxite; goncx apod: gonocoxal apodeme; gonst: gonostylus; ph: phallus; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 24. Catostola maya (Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953) comb. rev., male. A. Terminalia, dorsal; B. Same, ventral; C. Same, lateral; D. Sternite 8, ventral; E. Epandrium, lateral (holotype); F. Tergite 8, dorsal (holotype); G. Hypandrium, ventral (holotype). Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; epand: epandrium; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; hypd: hypandrium; ph: phallus; st: sternite; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite; tg: tergite. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 25. Catostola maya (Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953) comb. rev., holotype (D–F, H–I), additional male (A–C, G). A. Gonopods + phallus, lateral; B. Same, dorsal; C. Same, ventral; D. Gonopods, lateral; E. Gonocoxite, lateral; F. Gonostylus, lateral; G. Phallus, lateral; H. Cercus and subepandrial sclerite, lateral; I. Same, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; goncx: gonocoxite; goncx apod: gonocoxal apodeme; gonst: gonostylus; ph: phallus; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 26. Catostola maya (Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953) comb. rev., male. A. Hind femur and tibia, anterior (holotype); B. Same, detail, anterior (holotype); C. Hind femur and tibia, anterior; D. Same, detail, anterior. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 34. Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov., holotype male (A–C, G: additional male). A. Terminalia, dorsal; B. Same, ventral; C. Same, lateral; D. Sternite 8, ventral; E. Epandrium, lateral; F. Tergite 8, dorsal; G. Hypandrium, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; epand: epandrium; goncx: gonocoxite; hypd: hypandrium; ph: phallus; st: sternite; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite; tg: tergite. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 35. Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov., holotype male (A–C: additional male). A. Gonopods + phallus, lateral; B. Same, dorsal; C. Same, ventral; D. Gonopods, lateral; E. Gonocoxite, lateral; F. Gonostylus, lateral; G. Phallus, lateral; H. Cercus and subepandrial sclerite, lateral; I. Same, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; goncx: gonocoxite; goncx apod: gonocoxal apodeme; gonst: gonostylus; ph: phallus; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 37. Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov., holotype male. A. Right hind femur and tibia, lateral; B. Left hind femur, detail, anterior; C. Left hind femur and tibia, anterior; D. Left hind femur, detail of ventral swelling. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 45. Distribution map of Catostola species: Catostola carrerai Hull, 1958 comb. rev., Catostola maya (Carrera & d’Andretta, 1953) comb. rev., Catostola nairae (Vieira, 2012) comb. nov., and Catostola sagta (Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017) comb. nov.