Simothraulopsis primus, Orlando & Krolow & Boldrini, 2019

Orlando, Thales Yann, Krolow, Tiago Kütter & Boldrini, Rafael, 2019, A new species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), Zootaxa 4674 (3), pp. 363-368 : 364-367

Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov.

( Figs. 2 A–F)

Diagnosis. Male imago: 1) general coloration: thorax brown and abdomen yellowish brown ( Figs. 2 A–B); 2) hind wing with costal projection almost forming right angle, located approximately half distance from base to apex of wing ( Figs. 2 D–E); 3) abdominal terga yellowish brown, VIII and X washed brown, IX washed with dark brown ( Figs. 2 A–B); 4) penis projection lanceolate, straight, and of short size (less than half of the total length of penis lobes), anteriorly directed ( Fig. 2F ); 5) penis lobes fused on basal half, separated by a distance approximately twice the width of one penis lobe, with a shallow concavity in the junction of the lobes ( Fig. 2F ).

Description. Male imago (n=6): Length of body: 5.0– 5.4 mm; forewings: 5.8–6.2 mm; hind wings: 0.7–0.8 mm. General color brown with yellowish brown areas.

Head ( Figs. 2 A–B). General coloration orangish brown. Scape and pedicel light brown. Ocelli white, surrounded by dark brown ring at base. Eyes black, turbinate portion orangish brown.

Thorax ( Figs. 2 A–B). General coloration yellowish brown. Pro- and mesonota dark brown. Mesonotum with longitudinal medial, medioparapsidal suture light brown, scutellum darker. Metanotum light brown ( Fig. 2B ). Sterna light brown. Wing membranes hyaline. Forewing ( Fig. 2C ) with yellowish brown veins and cross veins hyaline; basal third of costal vein brown; fork of vein MP slightly asymmetric. Hind wing with costal projection well-developed, almost forming right angle, located approximately half distance from base to apex of wing ( Figs. 2 D–E); veins yellowish brown, except base of vein C to costal projection brown; apical lower portion of hind wing tinged with brown ( Figs. 2 D–E). Coxae brown and trochanters yellowish brown. Foreleg: femur yellowish brown with apical region brown; tibia yellowish brown, basal region brown; tarsi yellowish brown. Mid- and hindlegs similar to forelegs, except for usual differences.

Abdomen ( Fig. 1 ): Terga yellowish brown, VIII and X washed brown; IX washed with dark brown. Sterna yellowish brown. Genitalia ( Fig. 2F ): Styliger plate yellowish brown. Forceps segment I, II and III brown. Segment II 0.11 length of segment I, 1.05 length of segment III. Penis lobes yellowish brown, fused on basal half, inner margins divergent; each lobe rounded apically, but appearing almost pointed, separated by distance approximately twice width of one penis lobe, with straight lanceolate portion having short size (less than half of total length of penis lobes) projection, anteriorly directed and narrowing towards apex; inner margins of lobes divergent. Caudal filaments unknown (broken and lost).

Etymology. From the Latin word primus , referring to the first Ephemeroptera species described from the state of Tocantins.

Distribution. Tocantins State, Brazil.

Material Examined. Holotype: 1 ♂ (preserved in alcohol), Brazil, Tocantins state, Rio da Conceição munici- pality, Cavalo Queimado waterfall, light trap, 11°24’13.32”S / 46°51’30.56”W, 15-16.vi.2018, Krolow, T.K., Boldrini, R., Fernandes, A.S., Rippel, M.L.S. and Orlando, T.Y.S. cols ( INPA) . Paratypes: 5 ♂ Brazil, Tocantins state, Pedro Afonso municipality, Sono river , light trap, 8°59’45.25”S / 48° 8’21.61”W, 11-12.x.2018, Krolow, T.K. and Orlando, T.Y.S. cols: (1 CBio/ UFRR and 4 CEUFT—preserved in alcohol) .

Comments. Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov. has a body color pattern and equally divergent inner margins of penis lobes similar to S. sinuosus Lima, 2018 . The penis projection is short, lanceolate, and narrowing towards the apex, similar to that of S. inaequalis Nascimento, Salles & Hamada, 2017 . However, S. primus sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from S. sinuosus by the shapes of penis projections; these are long, spine-like and sinuous in S. sinuosus , and they are short, lanceolate, and straight in S. primus sp. nov. Furthermore, the new species can be clearly distinguished from S. inaequalis by having a brown thorax, a yellowish brown abdomen, the apical lower portion of the hind wing tinged with brown, and the “U” shape between the penis lobes. In contrast, S. inaequalis has an orangish color, tergum VIII with a submedial black mark near the posterior margin, almost the entire lower portion of the hind wing black, and a “V” shape between the penis lobes. Beyond morphogical differences, the S. sinuosus occurrence area is restricted to the state of Piauí, while S. inaequalis can be found in Pará and Amazonas states. The only record of the genus Simothraulopsis in the studied area belongs to S. demerara ( Traver, 1947) , which has a wide distribution, present mainly in the north and northeast region, but it differs from S. primus sp. nov. by having the thorax orangish brown, the abdomen grayish brown, the costal region and almost the entire lower portion of the hind wing black, and by the “V” shape between the penis lobes. In S. primus sp. nov., the thorax is brown; the abdomen is yellowish brown; the apical lower portion of the hind wing is tinged with brown; and there is a “U” shape between the penis lobes.

Figures

FIGURES 1A–C. Distribution and sampled sites of Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov: A) Map of South America, highlighting the collection sites of Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov. in Tocantins state; B) Cavalo Queimado waterfall, rio da Conceição, Tocantins state; C) Sono river, Pedro afonso, Tocantins state.

FIGURES 2A–F. Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov., male imago: A) body (lateral view); B) body (dorsal view); C) forewing; D) hind wing (enlarged); E) hind wing; F) genitalia (ventral view).