Cylindera (Parmecus) dromicoides ( Chaudoir, 1852 )

Matalin, Andrey V., 2019, Taxonomic revision of Cylindera Westwood, 1831 subgenus Parmecus Motschulsky 1864 stat. rest., stat. nov. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) with the description of one new species from Yunnan Province, China, Zootaxa 4706 (1), pp. 48-70 : 48-70

Cylindera (Parmecus) dromicoides ( Chaudoir, 1852)

Figs 1–7 , 11, 15, 20–21, 28–29, 34–35, 48, 52, 57, 62, 67.

= Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852: 21 (Type locality—Nord de l’Hindostan et Népaul).

= Parmecus pictus Motschulsky, 1864: 173 (Type locality—Indes orientales).

Jansenia dromicoides ( Chaudoir, 1852) : Fleutiaux 1892: 38.

Jansenia picta ( Motschulsky, 1864) : Fleutiaux 1892: 38.

Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 : Horn 1905: 34, 1915: 290; 1926: 167; 1938: 41, Taf. 50, Fig. 3 ; Fowler 1912: 340, Fig. 151; Mandl 1987: 44.

Cicindela (Cylindera) dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 : Acciavatti & Pearson 1989: 243.

Cylindera (Cylindera) dromicoides ( Chaudoir, 1852) : Schilder 1953: 547; Rivalier 1961: 140; Naviaux 1985: 67, Figs. 27 , 52 , 84; Wiesner 1992: 183; Probst 1996: 30; Lorenz, 2005: 55; Putchkov & Matalin 2003: 109, 2017: 235; Shook & Wiesner 2006: 14; Shook & Wu 2007: 37; Wu & Shook 2007: 37, 2010: 81; Wu 2011: 26.

Type Material. LECTOTYPE of Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 (here designated), ♂ (without middle legs, right hind tarsus and 8–11 th right antennomeres)—“ LECTOTYPE, Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 , des. A. Matalin, 2019” [typed red label]; PARALECTOTYPES of Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 (here designated), 3♀ (one specimen without fore and middle right legs, 3–5 th right hind tarsomeres and 4–11 th right antennomeres)—“ PARALECTOTYPE, Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 , des. A. Matalin, 2019” [typed red label]; the lectotype and paralectotypes with common bottom label “ dromicoides Chaud., Bengale, Cpt. Boys , 49.” [hand-written white label] ( Figs 1–3 ) ( MNHN); LECTOTYPE of Parmecus pictus Motschulsky, 1864 , ♂ (without head, pronotum, left and apical third of right elytron, right wing, legs and abdomen)—“Ind. or.” [hand-written yellow label], “ Parmecus pictus , m, Ind. or.” [hand-written yellow label], “ LECTOTYPE, Parmecus pictus Motschulsky , by R.E. Acciavatti, 1986” [typed and hand-written red label], “ Cicindela (Cylindera) dromicoides Chaudoir , det. R.E. Acciavatti, 1986 [typed and hand-written white label]” ( Figs 4–7 ) ( ZMMU).

Additional Material. PAKISTAN: 4♂ 4♀ — Kagan-Tal, Ung. Shogran , 2300–3000 m, 24–25.VII.1982, leg. Er- ber & Heinz ; 1♀ — Changla-Gali bei Murree , ca 2500 m, 10–11.VIII.1979, leg. Heinz ; 1♀ — Nathiagali [= Nathia Gali], hw. Murree , 2500–2600 m, 4–6.VIII.1982, leg. Hánz (all SMNS) ; NEPAL: 1♂ — Arun valley, Chichira- Mure , 2050 m, 7.06.1993, leg. J. & J. Probst (cPU) ; 1♀ — Kathmandu env., 26.VIII.2000, leg. M. Tsherniakhovsky ; 5♂ 3♀ — Kathmandy, Nagarjun Forest Reserve , h ~ 2000 m, 20–30.VII.1996, leg. P. Udovichenko ( MSPU, cPU) ; 5♂ 3♀ — ibid, 18.VII.1997, leg. P. Udovichenko (cPU) ; 1♀ — ibid, 5–6. VI.1999, leg. V. Patrikeev ; 4♂ 5♀ — Koshi, Hile Monastery , h ~ 2000 m, 7–8. VI.1999, leg. V. Patrikeev ; 1♂ — Kali Gandaki vall., env. Lete , h ~ 2500 m, 28 o 38’55’’N 83 o 36’12’’E, 9.VIII.2000, leg. M. Tsherniakhovsky (all MSPU) ; 1♂ 1♀ — Ganesh Himal, Kimtang , 15 km NW of Trisuli Bazar, ca 1600 m, 19.06.00 ; 3♂ 2♀ — Dhaulagiri Himal, Rahughat Khola valley, E-slope, Jhi vill., 1500–1780 m, N 28 o 25’ E83 o 30’, 16.VI.1998, leg. O. Jäger ; 4♂ 5♀ — ibid, leg. Bernett / Schmidt ; 3♂ 7♀ — Anapurna Himal, Dhampus vill. env., 1400–1700 m, 9.6.00, lg. Schmidt ; 9♂ 7♀ — Anapurna Himal , Pothana–Denrali–Land- rum, 1850–2100 m, 10.6.00, leg. J. Schmidt ; 12♂ 6♀ — SE Anapurna, Telbrung Danda, near Gangpokhara , 2000 m, 14–15. VI.1997, leg. Jäger & Schmidt ; 1♀ — Himalaya, 20 km W Pokhara, NE-slope of Mt Panchass , 2200 m, 17.V.1997, leg. Jäger ; 4♀ — Himalaya, Pokhara valley, 5 km S Mt Panchass, 1900 m, NN up Tute , 22.V.1997, lg. Jäger ; 1♂ — Mt Panchase , east slope, 18 km W Pokhara, 21–22.V.1997, leg. O. Jäger ; 3♂ — Anapurna Mts , NO Pokhara, Sikils, 2000 m, 11.V.1996, lg. Schmidt / Jäger (all MTD) ; 31♂ 27♀ — Anapurna Mts, Shikla, Tatopani vill., Ghorapani , ca 2000 m, 14.V.1993, lg. Schmidt ( MTD, cJG) ; 1♂ 5♀ — Kali Gandaki valley, N Pakhapani, 1700–2000 m, 17.06.98, leg. Berndt & Schmidt ; 2♂ 3♀ — Dhawalagiri, Mustang Distr., Kali Gandaki Khola , Kalopani , 2500– 2800 m, 21– 25.06.1986, leg. Probst ; 1♂ — Katmandu, Tal Kakani , 2000 m, leg. Richter ; 1♀ — Seti / Bajhang way, 19 km NE Chainpur (29 o 33’44’’N 81 o 20’54’’E) to Talkot (29 o 36’23’’N 81 o 18’04’’E), 2000– 1800 m, 28. VI.2009, leg. A. Kopetz ; 1♂ — Seti / Bajhang, way Talkot (29 o 36’23’’N 81 o 18’04’’E) to Chainpur (29 o 33’04’’N 81 o 11’44’’E), 1800–2000 m, 29. VI.2009, leg. A. Kopetz ; 1♂ 2♀ — E Dhankuta, Arun valley, Umg. Arunthan , 1300 m, 30.V.1983, leg. C. Holzsćhuh ; 1♀ — Baglung , E Okhala, 05.2010, leg. M. Häckel & B. Březina ; 1♂ — Arun riv. Hills, Sank- huwasabhe, d. Chichila , 1880 m, 27.472 oN 87.236 oE, V.2010, leg. M. Häckel & B. Brezina ; 1♂ — Beglung dti., 2500–2650 m, E of Okhale, 28.3215 oN 83.4867 oE, V.2010, leg. M. Häckel & B. Březina ; 1♂ — Bagmati, Nuwa- koti Pati Banyang , 1900 m, 16–19. VI.1989, leg. C. Holzsćhuh ; 1♂ 1♀ — Anapurna Himal, Modi Khola vall., New Bridge to Sinuwa , 1600–2000 m, 11.06.2000, leg. Schmidt ; 2♂ 4♀ —between Phalesangu & Barapokhari, 900-1700 m, 28 o 12’– 28 o 14’N 84 o 25’E, terrace fields / broad leaved forest, 12–13.V.2001, leg. B. Březina; 1♀ — ibid, 1700- 2600 m, 28 o 14’– 28 o 17’N 84 o 25’– 84 o 26’E, pasture / broad leaved forest, 14–16.V.2001, leg. B. Březina ; 3♂ 3♀ — between Jiri & Hanumante, 27 o 38’– 27 o 40’N 86 o 11’– 86 o 12’E, mixed forest ( Abies , Rhododendron ), 2700– 290 m, 23.V.2001, leg. B. Březina (all cJG); BHUTAN: 1♀ — 21 km O Wangdi, Phodr. [ang] 1700–2000 m ( NMB) ; INDIA: 4♂ 4♀ — Himachal Pradesh, Umb. Manali , 1900–2600 m, 21–24.VII.1980, leg. Heinz ; 2♂ 1♀ — Himachal Pradesh, Umb. Simla , 1700–2200 m, 18–19.VII.1980, leg. Heinz (all SMNS) ; 3♂ — Himachal Pradesh, 40 km E Revalsar Lake, Kullu vill., h ~ 1000–1100 m, 21–23. VI.05, leg. A. Sokolov ; 1♂ 1♀ — Himachal Pradesh, near Kasol vill, h ~ 1600 m, 21–23. VI.05, leg. A. Sokolov (all MSPU) ; 1♂ — Bajora [= Bâjora], Kashmir [= Jammu and Kashmir] ; 1♀ — Manaliy , Kulu [Himachal Pradesh] ; 2♂ — Sikkim ; 1♂ — Kurseong [West Bengal] ; 1♀ — Barway [West Bengal], P. Cardon (all MTD) .

References. NEPAL: WESTERN REGION (PASHCHIMANCHAL): Gorkha distr. —Buri Gandaki, Basse vall., 500–1000 ft; Buri Gandaki, Nyak to lower Chuling Khola vall., 2450–2870 m; Buri Gandaki, opposite Pangshing to bridge below Nyak, 1600–1800 m ( Naviaux 1985; Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; Thapa 2000); Dorandi Kbola, Haute vall., 3000 ft ( Naviaux 1985); Mustang distr. —Barapokhari, 1800–2100 ft ( Naviaux 1985); Thak Khola, pass between Titi and Taglung, 2700–2800 m ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; Thapa 2000); Kali Gandaki Khola, Kalopani, 2500–2800 m ( Probst 1996); Parbat distr. —Beni-Kusma, 800–1000 m ( Probst 1996); CENTRAL REGION (MADHYAMANCHAL): Bhaktapur distr. —Nagarkot, 1500 m ( Probst 1996); Chitwan distr. —Royal Chitwan National Park, Sauraha, 230 m ( Probst 1996); Dhading distr. —Sollentar-Dhading, 1000–1300 m ( Probst 1996); Kathmandu distr. —Gokarna Ban [= Gorkana Forest Resert], 1320 ft ( Naviaux 1985); Nagarjung and Jamacok Mnts, 1400–1600 m; Sunderijal, 1846–2460 m; Godavari, 2810 m; Kakni, 2155 m; Lamjura pass, 3690 m ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; Thapa 2000); Balaju, 1400 m ( Probst 1996); Latipur distr. —Phulchauki, 1900 ft ( Naviaux 1985); Bumlingtar – Chandanpur, 400– 600 m ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; Thapa 2000); Ramechhap distr. —Chordung to Jiri, 2900–3100 m ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; Thapa 2000); EASTERN REGION (PURWANCAL): Dhankuta distr. —Dholikhorka – Mongmaya, 400–1250 m; Hille – Dholikhorka, 1250–1750 m ( Probst 1996); Sankhuwasawa distr. —Nundhaki, 1000 ft; Thumlingtar, 1400 ft; Milke Himal, 2500 ft ( Naviaux 1985); Arunthan – Chichira, 1300–1900 m; Chichira – Thumlingtar, 500–2000 m; Khanbari – Bhote Bas, 950–1850 m; Num – Tashigaon, 1900– 1600 m; Bhote Bash – Chichira, 1850–2050 m; Mure – Num, 1600–2050 m; Chichira – Mure, 1900–2050 m; Sakurate – Mure, 2000 m; Mure – Chichira, 2000 m; Mure, 2550 m ( Probst 1996); Tehrathum distr. —Tinjura Dara, 2450–2720 m ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; Thapa 2000); BHUTAN: Central Zone — 21 km O Wangdi Phodrang, 1700– 200 m ( Mandl 1987, as Cicindela armandi ); INDIA: Himachal Pradesh —Simla ( Fowler 1912; Horn 1915; Dover & Ribeiro 1921, 1923); Solon, Narkunda ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989); Uttarakhand —Kumaon; Kousanie, 6075 ft ( Fowler 1912; Dover & Ribeiro 1923); Sikkim —Gangtok ( Mukhopadhyay & Halder 2003); West Bengal (Darjeeling) —Chota Nagpur ( Fowler 1912); Kurseong; Mungphu [= Mungpoo], 4500–7000 ft ( Fowler 1912; Dover & Ribeiro 1923); Ghumti, 4000 ft; below Sureil, 4800 ft ( Dover & Ribeiro 1923); Siliguri ( Pearson & Ghorpade 1987); Palmajua; Ghum ( Saha et al. 1995); Meghalaya —Khasi Hills ( Fowler 1912; Dover & Ribeiro 1923).

Redescription. TL = 8.1–9.7 (mean = 8.9) mm in males (Fig. 11), 9.0–10.0 (mean = 9.5) mm in females.

Head metallic copper-bronze or deep bronze with greenish or bluish-green tinge along anterior margin of clypeus and base of antennae as well as with deep blue patch on posterior margin of eyes; genae deep bronze with light bluish-green or distinct golden-green luster; supraorbital area with one long seta both on anterior and posterior margins. Antennae extend middle of elytra; scape besides a long apical seta glabrous ( Figs 15 , 20–21 ); the 2 nd antennomere often glabrous, in some specimens with one–two short white setae; the 3 rd antennomere with three–six (mean = four), while the 4 th antennomere with two–six (mean = three) short stout white setae except long and thin apical ones.

Labrum tridentate with practically equal teeth ( Figs 20–21 ), transverse, LW/LL = 1.88–2.15 (mean = 2.05) in females, and 2.17–2.40 (mean = 2.27) in males ( Fig. 74 ), with seven–ten (mean = eight) long submarginal setae. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown with light metallic tinge.

Pronotum cooper-bronze or bronze with light golden or golden-green reflection, indistinctly longitudinal ( Figs 73–74 ), PL/PW = 1.0–1.13 (mean = 1.03), poorly convex, with weakly converged to the base lateral sides, wrinkled in the center with shallow anterior and posterior transversal grooves; midline thin, distinct in females, poorly visible in males ( Figs 28–29 ). Mesepisternum of females smooth with indistinct wrinkles with long slightly sinuate coupling sulcus with small rounded central pit; wings undeveloped.

Elytra distinctly dilated in apical third, EL/EW = 1.57–1.68 (mean = 1.62) in females, and 1.97–1.78 (mean = 1.72) in males ( Fig. 73 ); shoulders sloping, EW/EHW = 1.41–1.68 (mean = 1.52); scutellum golden-bronze or deep-bronze; elytral disc cooper-bronze or deep-bronze with bright metallic golden-copper or copper-green reflection; bright metallic colour make up on central black velvety impunctate area two short and broad protuberances like the base of humeral lunula and the apical portion of middle band; suture bright purple-copper, golden-cooper or copper-bronze; epipleura metallic bronze with brown outer margin; apical margins broadly rounded before suture; sutural spine undeveloped; white elytral pattern as two sublateral white patches—triangular in the middle portion and short strip at the apex ( Figs 34–35 ).

Abdominal sternum dark brown, 1 st and 2 nd with deep bronze tinge laterally, 3 rd– 5 th with greenish-blue or light golden-green luster and very narrow brown posterior margin, 6 th dark brown with light metallic tinge; 1 st sternum coarsely striated, 2 nd finely wrinkled on lateral sides, 3 rd– 5 th with sparse short soft white setae mainly on lateral sides and four long setae along posterior margins.

AL 2.3–2.9 (mean = 2.7) mm, with blunt apex ( Fig. 48 ). Internal sac (in lateral view) situated at obtuse angle (ca 100 o) relative to aedeagus ( Figs 52 , 62 ), VA—poorly prominent, VLL—small, BLL and BLR—barely marked, the angle between B and tube of the internal sac acute, ca 40 o, f —short, straight and narrow with rounded apex, sh —medium sized, sh-ar —short with rounded apex, ag —well sclerotized ( Figs 52 , 57 , 62 , 67 ).

Distribution. Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Nepal (Western, Central and Eastern Regions), Bhutan (Central Region), India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya).

Notes. The synonymy of Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 and Parmecus pictus Motschulsky, 1864 was established by Horn (1905). Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) indicated, that the syntypes of C. dromicoides are probably kept in the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN) ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989 –?MNHNP: 243). However, these syntypes did not found in MNHN collection and did not studied by them, while the type specimens of most other taxa of Cicindela (s. lat.) were studied as well.The concept of C. dromicoides by Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) is based on the specimens collected in Kathmandu Valley ( Nepal, Godavari). After the comparison of four syntypes of C. dromicoides from MNHN with the lectotype of P. pictus from ZMMU the conspecific of these taxa is confirmed here.

Cylindera dromicoides is widely distributed in the Himalayan Region ( Puchkov & Matalin 2017); however, it had not been reported from Pakistan ( Rafi et al. 2010) nor from Jammu and Kashmir State, India ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989), both of which are new distribution records for this species. In addition, C. dromicoides is now known from Bhutan is based on one specimen from the expedition of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel incorrectly identified by Mandl (1975: 136) as Cicindela armandi . I reexamined this single female that Mandl had identified, and whose identity had been accepted without examination by subsequent authors ( Acciavatti & Pearson 1989; Wiesner 1992; Puchkov & Matalin 2003, 2017). My study of this specimen (see additional material) revealed it to be in fact a female of C. dromicoides . Thus, for Bhutan C. dromicoides , but not C. armandi , is confirmed.

Figures

FIGURES 1–7. Lectotypes,males:1–3—Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir,1852 (photos byAzadeh Taghavian); 4–7—Parmecus pictus Motschulsky, 1864; 1, 4—dorsal view; 2—ventral view; 5—right lateral view; 6—left lateral view; 3, 7—type labels.

FIGURES 26–33. Pronotum of Cylindera spp.: 26–27—C. (Cylindera) delavayi; 28–29—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 30– 31—C. (P.) armandi; 32–33—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n.; 26, 28–33—males; 27—female; 32—holotype; 33—paratype.

FIGURES 52–56. Internal sac, left view of Cylindera spp.: 52—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 53—C. (P.) armandi; 54—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n., paratype; 55—C. (Cylindera) delavayi; 56—C. (C.) germanica. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 14–17. Head of males (top view) of Cylindera spp.: 14—C. (Cylindera) delavayi; 15—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 16—C. (P.) armandi; 17—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n., paratype.

FIGURES. 18–25. Labrum and mandibles of Cylindera spp.: 18–19—C. (Cylindera) delavayi; 20–21—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 22–23—C. (P.) armandi; 24–25—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n.; 18, 20, 22, 24—males; 19, 21, 23, 25—females; 24—holotype; 25—paratype.

FIGURES 72–75. Morphometric features of Cylindera (Parmecus) spp.: 72—correlation of elytra length and width; 73—relation of the proportions of pronotum and elytra; 74—relation of the proportions of pronotum and labrum (rhombes—C. (P.) dromicoides; quadrates—C. (P.) armandi; circles—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. nov.; open symbols—females, solid symbols—males); 75—the variation in number of scape setae: A—C. (P.) armandi, B—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n. (n—number of observations; small quadrate—mean; large rectangle—mean ± SD; whiskers—range min-max excluding the outlier values; significantly different means are marked with different lower case letters—according to Mann-Whitney U-test, p <0.05: U = 30.5, z = 4.94, p = 0.00).

FIGURES 34–39. Right elytron of Cylindera (Parmecus) spp.: 34–35—C. (P.) dromicoides; 36–37—C. (P.) armandi; 38–39— C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n.; 34, 36, 38—males; 35, 37, 39—females; 38—holotype; 39—paratype.

FIGURES 46–51. Aedeagus, left view of Cylindera spp.: 46—C. (Cylindera) germanica; 47—C. (C.) delavayi; 48—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 49—C. (P.) armandi; 50–51—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n.; 50—holotype, 51—paratype.

FIGURES 62–66. Internal sac, right view of Cylindera spp.: 62—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 63—C. (P.) armandi; 64—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n., paratype; 65—C. (Cylindera) delavayi; 66—C. (C.) germanica. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 57–61. Internal sac, frontal view of Cylindera spp.: 57—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 58—C. (P.) armandi; 59—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n., paratype; 60—C. (Cylindera) delavayi; 61—C. (C.) germanica. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.

FIGURES 67–71. Internal sac, ventral view of Cylindera spp.: 67—C. (Parmecus) dromicoides; 68—C. (P.) armandi; 69—C. (P.) mosuoa sp. n., paratype; 70—C. (Cylindera) delavayi; 71—C. (C.) germanica. The abbreviations of humps and sclerites see in the text.