Mecopoda Serville, 1831

Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, Zootaxa 4758 (2), pp. 296-310 : 297-301

Mecopoda Serville, 1831

Mecopoda Serville, 1831 . Ann. Sci. nat. 22(86):154.

Lucera Walker, 1869 . Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum 2:265; Kirby, 1906. A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera ( Orthoptera Saltatoria , Locustidae vel Acridiidae ) 2:363 (syn.)

Type species: Mecopoda maculata Serville, 1831 , by original monotypy.

Lucera bicoloripes Walker, 1869 ; nomen dubium under Mecopoda

Locusta longipes Thunberg, 1815 ; nomen dubium under Mecopoda

Decticus pallidus Walker 1869 ; nomen dubium under Mecopoda

Generic characters. Diagnostic characters. Large-sized ( Fig. 4 ). Fastigium of vertex widened anteriorly. Head sulcate, with or without transverse lateral apices. Disc of pronotum flat, with truncate anterior and obtusely angular posterior margins, and distinct lateral carina. Tegmina surpassing apices of posterior femur. Prosternum bispinose. Male cerci with incurved apices. Male subgenital plate elongate, with styli and distinct apical notch. Ovipositor robust, elongate, sword-like.

Table 2. Song parameters for the species (and its populations) within the species group niponensis

duration of a 3- period of a 3- Temper

number of analzed duration of a song period of a song

species variable-syllable variable-syllable ature [º Locality references

song unit unit [s] unit [s]

subunit [s] subunit [s] C]

0.081± 0.0031 0.081 ±0.0031

M. niponensis 1 Korea this study (0.064 -0.085) (0.064 -0.085)

15.03±2.97 (10.55- 15.03±2.97 (10.55- 0.097± 0.024 0.111 ±0.004

M. niponensis 16 24 Fuyang, Anhui this study 19.9) 19.9) (0.093 -0.102) (0.102 -0.119)

16.68±1.72(14.31- 16.68±1.72 (14.31- 0.123± 0.002 0.134 ±0.002 Liankangshan,

M. niponensis 20 23 this study 20.3) 20.3) (0.119 -0.131) (0.130 -0.143) Henan

17.42±1.47 (15.4- 17.42±1.47 (15.4- 0.103± 0.001 0.109 ±0.001

M. niponensis 22 22 Shaowu, Fujian this study 21) 21) (0.102 -0.105) (0.107 -0.112)

15.7±1.33 (15.7- 15.7±1.33 (15.7- 0.119± 0.003 0.133 ±0.003

M. niponensis 5 ca.22 Tongling, Anhui this study 19.1) 19.1) (0.113 -0.125) (0.129 -0.144)

11.55±1.66 (9.75- 11.55±1.66 (9.75- 0.077± 0.0014 0.084 ±0.0016

M. niponensis 26 ca.25 Qichun, Hubei this study 15.8) 15.8) (0.075 -0.080) (0.081 -0.089)

18.57±0.91 (17.5- 18.57±0.91 (17.5- 0.132± 0.00095 0.132 ±0.00095

M. niponensis 8 22 Jinhua, Zhejiang this study 20) 20) (0.129 -0.135) (0.129 -0.135)

11.72±1.73 (9.6- 11.72±1.73 (9.6- 0.103± 0.00275 0.103 ±0.00275 Qingyuanshan,

M. niponensis 10 ca.25 this study 15.7) 15.7) (0.096 -0.115) (0.096 -0.115) Jiangxi

11.71±0.53 (10.85- 11.71±0.53 (10.85- 0.095± 0.00285 0.095 ±0.00285

M. niponensis 10 ca.25 Tongren, Guangxi this study 12.7) 12.7) (0.090 -0.104) (0.090 -0.104)

10.70±1.11 (8.8- 10.70±1.11 (8.8- 0.0798± 0.00618 0.0798 ±0.00618

M. niponensis 26 ca.25 Hunan this study 14.6) 14.6) (0.056 -0.086) (0.056 -0.086)

Temper

number of analzed duration of a song period of a song duration of a period of a syllable

song type ature [º Locality references

song unit unit [s] unit [s] syllable [s] [s]

C]

0.3484± 0.00955 0.3484 ± 0.00955 0.0269 ± 0.00099 0.027 ±0.00097 Heishiding,

M. fallax 42 ca. 26 this study (0.326-0.37) (0.326-0.37) (0.0254 -0.0292) (0.0258 -0.0297) Guangdong

0.7564± 0.04039 0.7564 ± 0.04039 0.0287 ± 0.00085 0.0293 ±0.00087 Wuzhishan,

M. fallax 35 ca.24 this study (0.615 -0.805) (0.615 -0.805) (0.0265 -0.0302) (0.027 -0.0308) Hainan

0.3207± 0.01422 0.3207 ± 0.01422 0.0222 ± 0.00094 0.0229 ±0.00110 ca.27- Damingshan,

M. fallax 115 this study (0.283 -0.352) (0.283 -0.352) (0.0208 -0.0247) (0.0212 -0.0252) 29 Guangxi

0.5763± 0.03258 0.5763 ± 0.03258 0.0268 ± 0.00087 0.0268 ±0.00087

M. fallax 66 26 Maguan, Yunnan this study (0.520-0.71) (0.520-0.71) (0.0245 -0.0288) (0.0245 -0.0288)

Liu et al.

M. fallax 0.572±0.004 24 Delong, Yunnan 2019

4.4823± 0.03122 4.6485 ± 0.0497 0.0341 ± 0.00055 0.0341 ±0.00055 Wangtianshu,

M. crescendo 6 ca.25 this study (4.434 -4.513) (4.559 -4.6998) (0.0265 -0.0473) (0.0265 -0.0473) Yunnan

2.969± 0.09986 3.963 ±0.1247 Wangtianshu,

M. crescendo 22 ca.27 this study (2.685 -3.099) (3.675 -4.253) Yunnan

0.0419± 0.00052 0.0419 ±0.00052 Mengping,

M. himalaya ca.22 this study (0.0401 -0.0433) (0.0401 -0.0433) Yunnan

0.068± 0.0006 0.068 ±0.0006 Wangtianshu,

M. marmorata 100 ca.25 this study (0.065 -0.068) (0.065 -0.068) Yunnan

\ Notes. The numbers in brackets indicates values' range.

Redescription. Head. Fastigium of vertex is widely truncated and 1.5–3 times wider than scapus. Thorax. Pronotum is elongated and broadened backward. Male pronotum is narrowest in the beginning of prozona, broadened backward after the first transverse sulcus. Disc of pronotum is flat with the exception of distinct depression around the sulcus. Legs are robust and long. Anterior coxa is armed with a spine. Anterior femur is longer than pronotum. Anterior and median femora possess indistinct tiny spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femora possess a few small spines near apex on ventro-posterior margin. Each tibia possesses fine spines on each margin. Tymapana on the fore tibiae is fully open on both sides, widened at and abruptly constricted below tympana. Female pronotum

resembles that of male in general, but is less broadened backward especially in the ending of metazona. Wings. Male tegmina are well developed, extending beyond abdominal apex and surpassing apex of hind femur. The number of stridulatory teeth varies between 64 and 122 at the species level (Table 4; Fig. 5 ). The lowest number is observed in M. marmorata He while the highest in M. minor yunnanensis . Female tegmina are also well developed and extend beyond apex of abdomen, but are distinguished from male tegmina by the length and shape.

Table 3. Song parameters for the species (and its populations) within the species group confracta

number of number of

duration of a period of a duration of a period of a Temperatur data song type syllables in a chirp in a Locality

song unit [s] song unit [s] single chirp [s] single chirp [s] e [ºC] sourse

chirp song unit

0.216± 0.0065 0.443 ±0.0090 Damingshan,

B1 1 ca.27 this study

(0.195 -0.222) (0.421 -0.459) 9 Guangxi

0.207± 0.0214 0.461 ±0.0249 Dinghushan,

M. confracta 1 ca.27 this study

(0.161 -0.266) (0.414 -0.555) 7 Guangxi

0.182± 0.0107 0.445 ±0.0091 Heishiding,

M. confracta 1 ca.26 this study

(0.149 -0.199) (0.414 -0.466) 8 Guangdong

0.261± 0.0127 0.509 ±0.0280 Maguan,

M. confracta 1 ca.26 this study

(0.223 -0.277) (0.448 -0.577) 11 Yunnan

0.268± 0.0095 0.562 ±0.0123 Menglun,

M. confracta 1 ca.27 this study

(0.248 -0.283) (0.535 -0.593) 12 Yunnan

0.228± 0.0167 0.315 ±0.0094 Menglun,

M. confracta 1 ca.28 this study

(0.195 -0.272) (0.282 -0.349) 6 Yunnan

0.325± 0.0055 0.325 ±0.0055 Menglun,

M. confracta 1 ca.28 this study

(0.318 -0.350) (0.318 -0.350) 6 Yunnan

6.110± 0.365 12.895 ± 0.998 0.0503 ± 0.0017 0.182 ± 0.0194 35±3 (31- Tiandong, M. synconfracta 24 this study (5.67-6.6) (11.9-13.89) (0.047 -0.054) (0.159 -0.221) 2 38) Guangxi

6.392± 0.051± 0.0040 0.161 ±0.0048 39.5±0.5 Jianfengling, M. synconfracta ca.25 this study 0.0735(6.32- 14.75 (0.039 -0.057) (0.153 -0.180) 2 (39-40) Hainan

5.963±0.5625 20.25±4.75 0.0547± 0.00213 0.185 ±0.0094 31.5±4.5 Liuzhou, M. synconfracta 22 this study (5.4-6.525) (15.5-25) (0.0505 -0.0579) (0.172 -0.203) 2 (27-36) Guangxi

6.383± 11.029± 0.0796± 0.0036 0.113 ±0.0260 55.67±2.58

M. synconfracta 20 Shenzhen this study 0.31630 0.33595 (0.0626 -0.0832) (0.090 -0.202) 2 (51-60)

0.5176± 0.04196 3.185 ±0.0318 14.06±0.539(13- Southeastern Mecopoda _"S" 1 ca. 20 this study

(0.4475 -0.610) (3.125-3.26) 15) Asia

" M. elongata Guangzhou, Liu et al.

1 20

elongata "? 5.98±0.17 ~18.57 36 Guangdong 2019 Notes. The numbers in brackets indicates values range. " M.elongata elongata " ( Liu et al. 2019) is questionable.

Table 4. Song parameters for the species (and its populations) within the species group minor Temperature (sub)species chirp segment trill segment Locality references [ºC] duration of a period of a number duration of a period of a single chirp single chirp [s] of chirps syllable [s] syllable [s] 0.209± 0.0236 0.696 ± 0.1009 0.0158 ± 0.00230 0.0246 ±0.0024 M. m. minor 27 28 Japan this study (0.169 -0.247) (0.297 -0.827) (0.0110 -0.0204) (0.0175 -0.119) 0.412± 0.0197 1.193 ± 0.0741 0.0350 ± 0.00264 0.0350 ±0.00264 M. m. minor 23 22 Jingmen, Hubei this study (0.377 -0.449) (1.025 -1.352) (0.0314 -0.0390) (0.0314 -0.0390) 0.0353± 0.00344 0.0353 ±0.00344 M. m. minor - - - 22 Jinhua, Zhejiang this study (0.0298 -0.0403) (0.0298 -0.0403) 0.0429± 0.00334 0.0429 ±0.00334 Qingyuanshan, M. m. minor - - - ca.21 this study (0.0356 -0.0493) (0.0356 -0.0493) Jiangxi 0.0389± 0.00055 0.0389 ±0.00055 Tongren, M. m. minor - - - 24 this study (0.0376 -0.0403) (0.0376 -0.0403) Guangxi 0.0367± 0.00076 0.0367 ±0.00076 Damingshan, M. m. minor - - - ca.23 this study (0.0390 -0.0350) (0.0390 -0.0350) Guangxi 0.05078± 0.05078±0.00139 Zhaoqing, M. m. minor - - - 0.00139 ca.20 this study (0.0477 -0.0569) Guangdong (0.0477 -0.0569) 0.0887± 0.00730 0.0887 ±0.00730 Yuanmou, M. m. yunnana - - - ca.18 this study (0.0797 -0.1038) (0.0797 -0.1038) Yunnan 0.1311± 0.00817 0.1311 ±0.00817 chengjiang, M. m. yunnana - - - 14 this study (0.1204 -0.1881) (0.1204 -0.1881) Yunnan Wuzhishan, Liu et al. M. hainanensis 0.66±0.03 1.54 0.136±0.001 26 Hainan 2019 Notes. The numbers in brackets indicates values' range. The dash indicates that data were not analyzed.

Distribution. The species of the genus Mecopoda are distributed mainly over Oriental Region and a few areas in Palearctic ( Korea and Japan). They were also reported in Pakistan ( Panhwar et al. 2016) and Micronesia ( Vickery et al. 1999).

Notes. The types of other three names within the genus Mecopoda in East Asia have also been exmamined besides Locusta (Mecopoda) niponensis , as well as the sole female nymph type of Decticus pallidus Walker, 1869 in India. These types were kept in British Museum (Natural History), London, except that the type of Locusta longipes Thunberg, 1815 , which was kept in Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Sweden. The sole male nymph type of Locusta longipes could be possibly collected from Japan through guessing from Thunberg’s travel history, for its collection labels were missing. The sole male nymph type of Lucera bicoloripes Walker, 1869 was collected from Macao in China. One lectotype of Decticus tenebrosus Walker, 1869 was established for one Philippine female adult and another paralectotype was established for one Korean female adult.

The nymph types cannot be identified to species level, therefore, the three species Decticus pallidus , Locusta longipes , and Lucera bicoloripes , should be considered as nomina dubia under Mecopoda . Concerning the species Decticus tenebrosus , the Korean female paralectotype can be distinguished from the Philippine female lectotype by the smaller body, tegminal structure and shape. And then here based on the Korean female paralectotype, we erected one new species M. minor minor sp. nov..

Figures

FIGURE 4. Habitus photos. (a–c) male; (d) female. a: M. niponensis (Haan, 1843) from Darongshan Mountain, Guangxi Province (photo by Tao Zhang); b: M. confracta sp. nov. from Ruili, Yunan Province (photo by Cao Wu); c: M. minor minor subsp. nov. from Jingmen, Hubei Province (photo by Guoqing Mai); d: female from Menglun, Yunnan Province (photo by Cao Wu).

FIGURE 5. Male stridulatory file under the left tegmen. a: M. niponensis (Haan, 1843); b: M. fallax He, 2019; c: M. crescendo sp. nov.; d: M. himalaya sp. nov.; f: M. tibetensis sp. nov.; f: M. marmorata He; g: M. confracta sp. nov.; h: M. synconfracta sp. nov.; i: Mecopoda_“S” (Sismondo 1990); j: Mecopda sp. from Vietnam; k: M. elongata elongata from India; l: M. minor minor subsp. nov.; m: M. m. yunnana subsp. nov..